Nucleolus: the fascinating nuclear body
... localized to the GC (Biggiogera et al. 1989; Gautier et al. 1994). Recent advances in the isolation of large RNP complexes by tandem aYnity puriWcation and the characterization of their constituents demonstrated that two largely independent processing machineries exist in yeast nucleoli, the SSU pro ...
... localized to the GC (Biggiogera et al. 1989; Gautier et al. 1994). Recent advances in the isolation of large RNP complexes by tandem aYnity puriWcation and the characterization of their constituents demonstrated that two largely independent processing machineries exist in yeast nucleoli, the SSU pro ...
Podosome-type adhesions and focal adhesions, so alike yet so
... sites so close in their composition can be structurally and functionally so different. The underlying question is how their respective physiological or pathological roles are related to their distinct organization. ...
... sites so close in their composition can be structurally and functionally so different. The underlying question is how their respective physiological or pathological roles are related to their distinct organization. ...
Cell shape changes indicate a role for extrinsic tensile forces in
... and narrow embryonic tissues. To understand the collective cell behaviours underlying tissue morphogenesis, we have continuously quantified cell intercalation and cell shape change during GBE. We show that the fast, early phase of GBE depends on cell shape change in addition to cell intercalation. I ...
... and narrow embryonic tissues. To understand the collective cell behaviours underlying tissue morphogenesis, we have continuously quantified cell intercalation and cell shape change during GBE. We show that the fast, early phase of GBE depends on cell shape change in addition to cell intercalation. I ...
Bacteriophage EMS9: Preliminary Genomic Description
... number of amino acids predicted to comprise the protein encoded by each numbered ORF is listed first, followed by the position (in base pairs) where the ORF occurs, the DNA strand on which the information is encoded and finally, the nature of the predicted protein is listed. Certain of the ORFs list ...
... number of amino acids predicted to comprise the protein encoded by each numbered ORF is listed first, followed by the position (in base pairs) where the ORF occurs, the DNA strand on which the information is encoded and finally, the nature of the predicted protein is listed. Certain of the ORFs list ...
during Drosophila melanogaster Embryogenesis
... nuclear cycles. However, they leave open the possibility that homolog pairing is dynamic, occuring only during interphase and breaking down for mitosis, or that synapsis begins at a time in development after the syncytial blastoderm. With cellularization in the 14th cycle, rapid, synchronous mitosis ...
... nuclear cycles. However, they leave open the possibility that homolog pairing is dynamic, occuring only during interphase and breaking down for mitosis, or that synapsis begins at a time in development after the syncytial blastoderm. With cellularization in the 14th cycle, rapid, synchronous mitosis ...
Making parallel lines meet
... simultaneously characterize the first protein known to link cortical microtubules and cellulose microfibrils.14-16 Previously, the protein, named cellulose synthaseinteracting protein (CSI1), had been fished out of a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with CESA; the protein is presen ...
... simultaneously characterize the first protein known to link cortical microtubules and cellulose microfibrils.14-16 Previously, the protein, named cellulose synthaseinteracting protein (CSI1), had been fished out of a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with CESA; the protein is presen ...
Mitochondrion and Chloroplast Regulation of Plant Programmed
... suggested that a Mg2+-dependent nuclease which resides in the mitochondrion IMS is responsible for the high molecular weight DNA cleavage and chromatin condensation, but DNA laddering required addition of a cytosol extract in addition to the mitochondria [45]. Therefore, evidence points towards ther ...
... suggested that a Mg2+-dependent nuclease which resides in the mitochondrion IMS is responsible for the high molecular weight DNA cleavage and chromatin condensation, but DNA laddering required addition of a cytosol extract in addition to the mitochondria [45]. Therefore, evidence points towards ther ...
NIH Public Access
... examined the effect of perturbations in progenitor pool size on the determination of final organ size in mouse models. These authors have used cell ablation with targeted and controlled expression of Diptheria Toxin A (DTA) and complementation of Pdx1 null embryos with wild type embryonic stem cells ...
... examined the effect of perturbations in progenitor pool size on the determination of final organ size in mouse models. These authors have used cell ablation with targeted and controlled expression of Diptheria Toxin A (DTA) and complementation of Pdx1 null embryos with wild type embryonic stem cells ...
Review Robustness of Cellular Functions
... one approach to uncover design principles. In this respect, many studies suffer from the fact that direct links between robustness and gene or pathway function were not established. These approaches relied on indirect evidence such as sequence similarity or topological proximity owing to unspecified ...
... one approach to uncover design principles. In this respect, many studies suffer from the fact that direct links between robustness and gene or pathway function were not established. These approaches relied on indirect evidence such as sequence similarity or topological proximity owing to unspecified ...
Plant microtubule organization
... participate in active transport and cytoplasmic streaming but, unlike in animal cells, microtubules, not actin filaments, are the dominant element at the plasma membrane. The concept of a cytoskeleton–plasma-membrane–cell-wall continuum in plant cells (Wyatt and Carpita, 1993) necessarily emphasizes ...
... participate in active transport and cytoplasmic streaming but, unlike in animal cells, microtubules, not actin filaments, are the dominant element at the plasma membrane. The concept of a cytoskeleton–plasma-membrane–cell-wall continuum in plant cells (Wyatt and Carpita, 1993) necessarily emphasizes ...
RalA ACTIVATION ASSAY BIOCHEM KIT
... state”. For example, when looking for RalA activation the “controlled state” cells could be serum starved. Serum starvation will inactivate cellular RalA and lead to a much greater response to a given RalA activator. C. Timing and Intensity of RalA Activation Upon stimulation, RalA proteins are gene ...
... state”. For example, when looking for RalA activation the “controlled state” cells could be serum starved. Serum starvation will inactivate cellular RalA and lead to a much greater response to a given RalA activator. C. Timing and Intensity of RalA Activation Upon stimulation, RalA proteins are gene ...
Exine dehiscing induces rape microspore polarity
... accessible model plants, such as mosses and algae, indicated that polarity could be influenced by environmental factors, such as light and gravity, and these studies suggested important roles for ion fluxes, plasma membrane, and cytoskeleton in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity (Sch ...
... accessible model plants, such as mosses and algae, indicated that polarity could be influenced by environmental factors, such as light and gravity, and these studies suggested important roles for ion fluxes, plasma membrane, and cytoskeleton in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity (Sch ...
IL-5 Receptor-mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of SH2
... (26) and p75 Hsl (27), which are expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells and have SH2 and/or SH3 domains, were recently demonstrated to be involved in B cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling (28, 29). Based on their unique sequences, these molecules were assumed to function as DNA binding p ...
... (26) and p75 Hsl (27), which are expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells and have SH2 and/or SH3 domains, were recently demonstrated to be involved in B cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling (28, 29). Based on their unique sequences, these molecules were assumed to function as DNA binding p ...
Functional interaction between a novel protein phosphatase 2A
... The notion that PP2A plays a role in cell cycle regulation is supported by several observations. First, okadaic acid, a strong inhibitor of PP2A, is a tumor promoting agent (Mumby and Walter, 1993). Furthermore, PP2A is a target of transforming proteins of several DNA tumor viruses (Sontag et al., 1 ...
... The notion that PP2A plays a role in cell cycle regulation is supported by several observations. First, okadaic acid, a strong inhibitor of PP2A, is a tumor promoting agent (Mumby and Walter, 1993). Furthermore, PP2A is a target of transforming proteins of several DNA tumor viruses (Sontag et al., 1 ...
The different shapes of cocci
... debated (Tiyanont et al., 2006) and although the key effectors of cell wall biosynthesis controlled by MreBs have not yet been identified. A second cytoskeleton element is composed of the tubulin homologue FtsZ, which polymerizes as a ring at the division site and is widely distributed in bacteria ( ...
... debated (Tiyanont et al., 2006) and although the key effectors of cell wall biosynthesis controlled by MreBs have not yet been identified. A second cytoskeleton element is composed of the tubulin homologue FtsZ, which polymerizes as a ring at the division site and is widely distributed in bacteria ( ...
division plane orientation in plant cells
... plant cells, the division plane is established in the cell cortex prior to mitosis, and the new cell wall is inserted at this site upon completion of cytokinesis. Initial establishment of the division plane is marked by a cytoskeletal structure unique to plant cells called the preprophase band (PPB) ...
... plant cells, the division plane is established in the cell cortex prior to mitosis, and the new cell wall is inserted at this site upon completion of cytokinesis. Initial establishment of the division plane is marked by a cytoskeletal structure unique to plant cells called the preprophase band (PPB) ...
Auxin-Dependent Cell Division and Cell Elongation. 1
... putative heterotrimeric G-protein, whereas the response of cell elongation was not dependent on this G-protein (Ullah et al., 2001, 2003). When different receptors are involved, they are expected to differ in their affinity for different ligands (Zhao et al., 2002). Different auxins should therefore ...
... putative heterotrimeric G-protein, whereas the response of cell elongation was not dependent on this G-protein (Ullah et al., 2001, 2003). When different receptors are involved, they are expected to differ in their affinity for different ligands (Zhao et al., 2002). Different auxins should therefore ...
Liposome - PharmaStreet
... On the basis of liposome preparation: Vesicles prepared by reverse phase evaporation method REV Multi lamellar vesicle by REV ...
... On the basis of liposome preparation: Vesicles prepared by reverse phase evaporation method REV Multi lamellar vesicle by REV ...
Thuy`s Rho family GTPases review
... Buchsbaum, R. (2007). Rho activation at a glance. Wittmann, T. and Storer, C. (2001). Cell motility: can Rho GTPases and microtubules point the way? Allen, W. et al. (1998). A role for Cdc42 in Macrophage chemotaxis. Sah, V. et al. (2000). The Role of Rho in G Protein-coupled receptor signal ...
... Buchsbaum, R. (2007). Rho activation at a glance. Wittmann, T. and Storer, C. (2001). Cell motility: can Rho GTPases and microtubules point the way? Allen, W. et al. (1998). A role for Cdc42 in Macrophage chemotaxis. Sah, V. et al. (2000). The Role of Rho in G Protein-coupled receptor signal ...
Two-dimensional numerical study of flow
... is used to represent the tether length. θc is the angle between Lc and the x-axis, Fig. 1b. For simplicity, Lc, θc, t, FD and FL shown in later discussions are non-dimensionalized by R, π, 1/k, ρ0k2R4 and ρ0k2R4, respectively. Parameter values used in this study are listed in Table 1. From the data ...
... is used to represent the tether length. θc is the angle between Lc and the x-axis, Fig. 1b. For simplicity, Lc, θc, t, FD and FL shown in later discussions are non-dimensionalized by R, π, 1/k, ρ0k2R4 and ρ0k2R4, respectively. Parameter values used in this study are listed in Table 1. From the data ...
Analysis of Cell Divisions Patterns in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical
... This is accomplished through a variety of proteins homologous to those in animal centrosome complexes even though plant cells lack centrosomes. For example, the TON1 proteins interact with the preprophase band, the cortical microtubules and the CEN proteins[35]. TON2 mutants display disorganization ...
... This is accomplished through a variety of proteins homologous to those in animal centrosome complexes even though plant cells lack centrosomes. For example, the TON1 proteins interact with the preprophase band, the cortical microtubules and the CEN proteins[35]. TON2 mutants display disorganization ...
Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphate on the Levels of
... dilution rate which gives the maximum rate of aerobic growth before ethanol production occurs. indicates that the onset of ethanol fermentation is not induced by the accumulation of one of these intermediates. It appears more probable that the depletion of one of these glycolytic intermediates could ...
... dilution rate which gives the maximum rate of aerobic growth before ethanol production occurs. indicates that the onset of ethanol fermentation is not induced by the accumulation of one of these intermediates. It appears more probable that the depletion of one of these glycolytic intermediates could ...
Forage digestibility: the intersection of cell wall lignification and plant
... procedure at the acid detergent fiber (ADF) step because some lignin, particularly for grasses, is soluble in acid at high temperature (Lowry et al., 1994). Because forage hemicellulose and cellulose concentrations are calculated by difference in the detergent system (NDF minus ADF and ADF minus ADL ...
... procedure at the acid detergent fiber (ADF) step because some lignin, particularly for grasses, is soluble in acid at high temperature (Lowry et al., 1994). Because forage hemicellulose and cellulose concentrations are calculated by difference in the detergent system (NDF minus ADF and ADF minus ADL ...
Enzymatic lysis of microbial cells
... and glucanase has opened a sufficiently large hole in the cell wall, the plasma membrane and its content are extruded as a protoplast. In osmotic support buffers containing 0.55–1.2 M sucrose or mannitol, the protoplast remains intact, but in dilute buffers it lyses immediately, releasing cytoplasmi ...
... and glucanase has opened a sufficiently large hole in the cell wall, the plasma membrane and its content are extruded as a protoplast. In osmotic support buffers containing 0.55–1.2 M sucrose or mannitol, the protoplast remains intact, but in dilute buffers it lyses immediately, releasing cytoplasmi ...
Computational Models Reveal a Passive Mechanism for Cell
... generates behaviour that is expected for the crypt: a steady turnover of cells, such that cell birth and death are matched, and approximately half of the cells are proliferative. Stochasticity arises in all of the models primarily through random cell birth events, which are determined by a stochasti ...
... generates behaviour that is expected for the crypt: a steady turnover of cells, such that cell birth and death are matched, and approximately half of the cells are proliferative. Stochasticity arises in all of the models primarily through random cell birth events, which are determined by a stochasti ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.