Organization of the Sea Urchin Egg Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its
... results in a rearrangement of the subcortical ER near the animal pole (Campanella et al., 1988) . Using the DiI-oil drop injection technique, we have now made continuous observations of the rearrangements of the ER in the living sea urchin egg during fertilization . We find that within the first 20 ...
... results in a rearrangement of the subcortical ER near the animal pole (Campanella et al., 1988) . Using the DiI-oil drop injection technique, we have now made continuous observations of the rearrangements of the ER in the living sea urchin egg during fertilization . We find that within the first 20 ...
Defining retinal progenitor cell competence in
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
PDF + SI - GenScript
... complex exists, we embarked on independent purification methods. We prepared 0- to 12-h embryo extracts from Drosophila expressing a functional, FLAG-tagged version of Mcm6 (32). A single-step affinity purification of FLAG-Mcm6 from these flies captures mainly FLAG-Mcm6 in complex with Mcm2, Mcm4, a ...
... complex exists, we embarked on independent purification methods. We prepared 0- to 12-h embryo extracts from Drosophila expressing a functional, FLAG-tagged version of Mcm6 (32). A single-step affinity purification of FLAG-Mcm6 from these flies captures mainly FLAG-Mcm6 in complex with Mcm2, Mcm4, a ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Mitochondria in neutrophil
... during the later stages of spontaneous apoptosis in a fraction that contained both the ER and the mitochondria. GCSF did not induce the protein expression of Bfl-1, but only delayed its degradation by calpains. It appeared that Bfl1 expression was translationally controlled and that a pro-apoptotic ...
... during the later stages of spontaneous apoptosis in a fraction that contained both the ER and the mitochondria. GCSF did not induce the protein expression of Bfl-1, but only delayed its degradation by calpains. It appeared that Bfl1 expression was translationally controlled and that a pro-apoptotic ...
The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily
... propulsion and lamellipodial protrusion cannot be definitively ruled out, the myosin inhibitor butanedione monoxime (BDM) which inhibits classic myosin-driven processes such as muscle contraction, does not affect either process (Cramer and Mitchison, 1995). The central role of actin polymerization i ...
... propulsion and lamellipodial protrusion cannot be definitively ruled out, the myosin inhibitor butanedione monoxime (BDM) which inhibits classic myosin-driven processes such as muscle contraction, does not affect either process (Cramer and Mitchison, 1995). The central role of actin polymerization i ...
BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION Geoffrey C. Draper
... Bacterial cells possess a host of functions that replicate, maintain, and segregate their chromosomal DNA. Although the underlying mechanisms of bacterial DNA replication and repair are well known, our understanding of the mechanisms of chromosomal DNA partitioning is largely incomplete. While the r ...
... Bacterial cells possess a host of functions that replicate, maintain, and segregate their chromosomal DNA. Although the underlying mechanisms of bacterial DNA replication and repair are well known, our understanding of the mechanisms of chromosomal DNA partitioning is largely incomplete. While the r ...
The SR Protein SRp38 Represses Splicing in M Phase Cells
... that the protein becomes dephosphorylated during M phase of the cell cycle. We also show that splicing, like other processes in gene expression, is inhibited in extracts prepared from mitotic cells. Under these conditions, repression was found to be mediated by SRp38, indicating that cell cycle-spec ...
... that the protein becomes dephosphorylated during M phase of the cell cycle. We also show that splicing, like other processes in gene expression, is inhibited in extracts prepared from mitotic cells. Under these conditions, repression was found to be mediated by SRp38, indicating that cell cycle-spec ...
Taxol-stabilized Microtubules Can Position the
... cells, which is accomplished by contractile forces generated by actin and myosin II (Schroeder, 1972; Mabuchi and Okuno, 1977). Cytokinesis normally occurs at the spindle equator during anaphase, after chromosome segregation. It is essential that cytokinesis be spatially and temporally regulated to ...
... cells, which is accomplished by contractile forces generated by actin and myosin II (Schroeder, 1972; Mabuchi and Okuno, 1977). Cytokinesis normally occurs at the spindle equator during anaphase, after chromosome segregation. It is essential that cytokinesis be spatially and temporally regulated to ...
Cytokinesis of neuroepithelial cells can divide their basal process
... M-phase NE cell bodies but also their basal processes extending radially towards the basal side of the neuroepithelium. Arrowhead, a globular-shaped M-phase NE cell body. The asterisk indicates ectodermal cells, which were stained by the secondary anti-mouse antibody. V, ventricle; VZ, ventricular z ...
... M-phase NE cell bodies but also their basal processes extending radially towards the basal side of the neuroepithelium. Arrowhead, a globular-shaped M-phase NE cell body. The asterisk indicates ectodermal cells, which were stained by the secondary anti-mouse antibody. V, ventricle; VZ, ventricular z ...
Stomatal development - The Company of Biologists
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
PDF
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
The Importance of High Resolution Chromosome Analysis in the
... metaphase plate to be pulled apart during anaphase. The stoichiometric relationship between Colcemid® and tubulin needs to be borne in mind when deciding the amount of the mitotic arrestant to be added. This is because the concentration of Colcemid® has been shown to be critical as it affects the mi ...
... metaphase plate to be pulled apart during anaphase. The stoichiometric relationship between Colcemid® and tubulin needs to be borne in mind when deciding the amount of the mitotic arrestant to be added. This is because the concentration of Colcemid® has been shown to be critical as it affects the mi ...
Coca Cola
... - The actin and myosin filaments remain the same length - The sarcomere length shortens because the actin and myosin filaments slide relative each other animation 16.8- myosin (compare with picture 43) ...
... - The actin and myosin filaments remain the same length - The sarcomere length shortens because the actin and myosin filaments slide relative each other animation 16.8- myosin (compare with picture 43) ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... Figure 3. Inhibition of mitosis and cytokinesis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes after expression of cyclinG1. Cardiomyocytes were synchronized in serum free medium for 24 hours before virus infections. A, Representative Western blot analysis (n⫽3) of the expression of different mitosis markers. Ral A ...
... Figure 3. Inhibition of mitosis and cytokinesis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes after expression of cyclinG1. Cardiomyocytes were synchronized in serum free medium for 24 hours before virus infections. A, Representative Western blot analysis (n⫽3) of the expression of different mitosis markers. Ral A ...
Dissection of Cell Division Processes in the One Cell Stage
... We attempted to analyze each single-allele locus of the collection, two independent alleles for loci represented by two or three alleles, and three independent alleles for loci represented by four or more alleles. However, 13 strains representing mutations in 10 loci could not be analyzed for the fo ...
... We attempted to analyze each single-allele locus of the collection, two independent alleles for loci represented by two or three alleles, and three independent alleles for loci represented by four or more alleles. However, 13 strains representing mutations in 10 loci could not be analyzed for the fo ...
Human microcephaly ASPM protein is a spindle pole
... the ASPM KO line is that suppressor mutations were introduced into another locus during the few weeks of KO line selection. To exclude this possibility, we depleted ASPM more rapidly from the cell using RNAi. We prepared four independent siRNA constructs, one of which was previously reported to give ...
... the ASPM KO line is that suppressor mutations were introduced into another locus during the few weeks of KO line selection. To exclude this possibility, we depleted ASPM more rapidly from the cell using RNAi. We prepared four independent siRNA constructs, one of which was previously reported to give ...
Mutations in Actin-Related Proteins 2 and 3 Affect Cell Shape
... the Arabidopsis ARP2 and ARP3 orthologs, respectively. Our cell biological data from various cell types in these mutants indicate that expansion growth in Arabidopsis requires ARP2/3 complex activity, and its loss results in inefficient fine F-actin formation while leading to enhanced F-actin aggreg ...
... the Arabidopsis ARP2 and ARP3 orthologs, respectively. Our cell biological data from various cell types in these mutants indicate that expansion growth in Arabidopsis requires ARP2/3 complex activity, and its loss results in inefficient fine F-actin formation while leading to enhanced F-actin aggreg ...
Bacterial Filament Systems: Toward Understanding Their Emergent
... experiments show another result. Although confined, the filaments within these minima do not form a focused Z-ring, indicating that positive regulation is required for Z-ring formation. Many proteins are known to stabilize FtsZ filaments (Fig. 2c). FtsA, which itself can form filaments (55), is one ...
... experiments show another result. Although confined, the filaments within these minima do not form a focused Z-ring, indicating that positive regulation is required for Z-ring formation. Many proteins are known to stabilize FtsZ filaments (Fig. 2c). FtsA, which itself can form filaments (55), is one ...
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... were selected for roundness based on FSC and SSC and cellular debris, which has very low FSC and SSC, was omitted from the analysis (Figure 2A). As expected, negative controls had no or very low fluorescence with mean fluorescent intensities of less than 20 and served as a baseline for the measureme ...
... were selected for roundness based on FSC and SSC and cellular debris, which has very low FSC and SSC, was omitted from the analysis (Figure 2A). As expected, negative controls had no or very low fluorescence with mean fluorescent intensities of less than 20 and served as a baseline for the measureme ...
Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... activation involves many spatially and temporally coordinated signaling processes on multiple time and length scales. There are three distinct stages during the activation process: T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, signal persistence and signal termination. A crawling T cell constantly scans the sur ...
... activation involves many spatially and temporally coordinated signaling processes on multiple time and length scales. There are three distinct stages during the activation process: T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, signal persistence and signal termination. A crawling T cell constantly scans the sur ...
Cell cycle genes regulate vestigial and scalloped to - HAL
... In Drosophila, the Vestigial-Scalloped (VG-SD) dimeric transcription factor is required for wing cell identity and proliferation. Previous results have shown that VG-SD controls expression of the cell cycle positive regulator dE2F1 during wing development. Since wing disc growth is a homeostatic pro ...
... In Drosophila, the Vestigial-Scalloped (VG-SD) dimeric transcription factor is required for wing cell identity and proliferation. Previous results have shown that VG-SD controls expression of the cell cycle positive regulator dE2F1 during wing development. Since wing disc growth is a homeostatic pro ...
Chapter 2.3 Active Cell Processes: Motility, Muscle, and Mechanotransduction
... qualitative, and the models, to the extent they exist, more ad hoc. This is because not only are the processes much more complex, often involving a cascade of reactions or numerous individual cell functions, but they are also less well understood. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the vario ...
... qualitative, and the models, to the extent they exist, more ad hoc. This is because not only are the processes much more complex, often involving a cascade of reactions or numerous individual cell functions, but they are also less well understood. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the vario ...
spatial control of cell expansion by the plant cytoskeleton
... fringe without disrupting longitudinal F-actin cables and also result in loss of the vesiclerich body of cytoplasm normally found at the apex. The sensitivity of subapical actin filaments to drug treatment suggests that they are more dynamic than the longitudinal Factin cables. The effects of selecti ...
... fringe without disrupting longitudinal F-actin cables and also result in loss of the vesiclerich body of cytoplasm normally found at the apex. The sensitivity of subapical actin filaments to drug treatment suggests that they are more dynamic than the longitudinal Factin cables. The effects of selecti ...
FERMENTATION PROBLEMS: STUCK/SLUGGISH FERMENTATIONS
... The conditions of fermentation, such as temperature, pH, aeration, level of solids and inoculation practices can all impact fermentation and lead to incompletion. • Nutrient deficiency: YAN, vitamins and salts determine the yeast biomass population and their activity. Proper analysis of juice compos ...
... The conditions of fermentation, such as temperature, pH, aeration, level of solids and inoculation practices can all impact fermentation and lead to incompletion. • Nutrient deficiency: YAN, vitamins and salts determine the yeast biomass population and their activity. Proper analysis of juice compos ...
Jasmonate Controls Leaf Growth by Repressing
... Phytohormones regulate plant growth from cell division to organ development. Jasmonates (JAs) are signaling molecules that have been implicated in stress-induced responses. However, they have also been shown to inhibit plant growth, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of methyl j ...
... Phytohormones regulate plant growth from cell division to organ development. Jasmonates (JAs) are signaling molecules that have been implicated in stress-induced responses. However, they have also been shown to inhibit plant growth, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of methyl j ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.