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Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice

... True or False: Shade in A if you believe that the statement is True. Shade in B if you believe that the statement is False. 21. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances. 22. Diffusion is defined as movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concen ...
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... The powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration takes place. This is when energy – stored in food like glucose (a type of sugar) is converted into another type of energy. Cell Wall (plants only): Rigid structure that surrounds cell membrane to support and protect while it filters things movin ...
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Biochemical switches in the cell cycle



A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.
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