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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

... • Region in bacteria where single circular dsDNA chromosome is located and attached to cell membrane • Plasmids – Extrachromosomal genetic elements – 5-100 genes – Confer properties such as antibiotic resistance – Can be transferred from one bacterium to another – Manipulated in biotechnology ...
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cell webquest
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Centrosome Dynamics during the Meiotic Progression in the Mouse
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ChemMatters Puzzle: Redox Jumble
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Cell Organelles Worksheet

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Biology notes 10-09-07 through 10-15-07
Biology notes 10-09-07 through 10-15-07

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Biochemical switches in the cell cycle



A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.
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