Making parallel lines meet
... Figure 2. Co-localization of CSI1, CESA complexes, and microtubules. (A) Wild-type seedlings co-expressing GFP-CESA6 and RFP-CSI1: the co-alignment of CSI1 and CESA complexes is evident in the merged time-averaged image. (B) Wild-type seedlings co-expressing YFP-TUA5 and RFP-CSI1: the coalignment of ...
... Figure 2. Co-localization of CSI1, CESA complexes, and microtubules. (A) Wild-type seedlings co-expressing GFP-CESA6 and RFP-CSI1: the co-alignment of CSI1 and CESA complexes is evident in the merged time-averaged image. (B) Wild-type seedlings co-expressing YFP-TUA5 and RFP-CSI1: the coalignment of ...
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
... 40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effe ...
... 40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effe ...
18.4 Bacteria and Archaea - School District of La Crosse
... – spiral, called spirilla or spirochetes – spherical, called cocci Lactobacilli: rod-shaped ...
... – spiral, called spirilla or spirochetes – spherical, called cocci Lactobacilli: rod-shaped ...
Functional coupling of microtubules to membranes
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
... In vivo, organelles do not move with a simple linear trajectory from A to B. Their path is interspersed with many stops and starts and, indeed, frequent changes of direction. The saltatory (‘stop–start’) motility could relate to the competing activity of opposing motors (i.e. a ‘tug-of-war’ between ...
Two faces of the prokaryote concept
... Such a phylogenetic classification among plants and animals could be based on comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and an ever-expanding fossil record. But bacteria lacked complex morphological traits, developmental histories, and a fossil record. Bacteria did, of course, show enormous physi ...
... Such a phylogenetic classification among plants and animals could be based on comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and an ever-expanding fossil record. But bacteria lacked complex morphological traits, developmental histories, and a fossil record. Bacteria did, of course, show enormous physi ...
Doubly Selective Antimicrobial Polymers: How Do They Differentiate
... SMAMPs cannot reach the plasma membrane of S. aureus, because they cannot pass the highly cross-linked peptidoglycan layer (Figure 1 b), which effectively reduces their concentration c2 at the plasma membrane and renders them inactive in the MIC90 experiments. The peptidoglycan layer consists of ani ...
... SMAMPs cannot reach the plasma membrane of S. aureus, because they cannot pass the highly cross-linked peptidoglycan layer (Figure 1 b), which effectively reduces their concentration c2 at the plasma membrane and renders them inactive in the MIC90 experiments. The peptidoglycan layer consists of ani ...
13.1 - Kingdom Protista_Student Handout
... Plant-like Protists Plant-like protists are those that resemble plants because they are _________________________. They contain ____________ and carry out ____________________ Unicellular or multicellular protists Some plant-like protists have ______________ made up of polysaccharides and oth ...
... Plant-like Protists Plant-like protists are those that resemble plants because they are _________________________. They contain ____________ and carry out ____________________ Unicellular or multicellular protists Some plant-like protists have ______________ made up of polysaccharides and oth ...
chapt 4
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Chapter 2.3 Active Cell Processes: Motility, Muscle, and Mechanotransduction
... motion of a cell adhering to a 2-dimensional substrate. Many of the same elements may be applicable in 3-dimensional migration through a matrix, but we understand that process much less well at this point in time. [A wealth of images and movies showing the migration of various types of cell can be f ...
... motion of a cell adhering to a 2-dimensional substrate. Many of the same elements may be applicable in 3-dimensional migration through a matrix, but we understand that process much less well at this point in time. [A wealth of images and movies showing the migration of various types of cell can be f ...
Chemistry of Beta Lactam Antibiotics
... transmembrane proteins called porins, which serves as a conduit to import various substances. Amino acids in the outer protion of the porins are hydrophobic, and interact with the lipid-based membrane of the bacteria, while amino acids on the inside of the pore are hydrophilic. This creates an envir ...
... transmembrane proteins called porins, which serves as a conduit to import various substances. Amino acids in the outer protion of the porins are hydrophobic, and interact with the lipid-based membrane of the bacteria, while amino acids on the inside of the pore are hydrophilic. This creates an envir ...
Common infection strategies of plant and animal pathogenic bacteria
... effector proteins Type-III-mediated delivery into the host cell cytosol had initially been shown for Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) [5] and was only recently demonstrated for effector proteins from plant pathogenic bacteria. Here, evidence for protein translocation was provided by the use of reporte ...
... effector proteins Type-III-mediated delivery into the host cell cytosol had initially been shown for Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) [5] and was only recently demonstrated for effector proteins from plant pathogenic bacteria. Here, evidence for protein translocation was provided by the use of reporte ...
FEMS Microbiology Ecology 24
... The cell-surface charge and cell-surface hydrophobicity of 10 strains of Azospirillum spp. were evaluated by the aqueous, two-polymer phase partitioning assay. Azospirillum spp. had moderate cell-surface hydrophobicity and charge, lower than known values for human pathogens. The hydrophobicity and c ...
... The cell-surface charge and cell-surface hydrophobicity of 10 strains of Azospirillum spp. were evaluated by the aqueous, two-polymer phase partitioning assay. Azospirillum spp. had moderate cell-surface hydrophobicity and charge, lower than known values for human pathogens. The hydrophobicity and c ...
PLoS Pathogens
... C212 in HopZ1b) substituted by alanines lose the virulence function or the HR-triggering activity, indicating that the functions of HopZ1 alleles require their enzymatic activities [9,14]. In addition, HopZ1 has a potential N-terminal myristoylation site (Gly2) which directs the proteins to the plas ...
... C212 in HopZ1b) substituted by alanines lose the virulence function or the HR-triggering activity, indicating that the functions of HopZ1 alleles require their enzymatic activities [9,14]. In addition, HopZ1 has a potential N-terminal myristoylation site (Gly2) which directs the proteins to the plas ...
tubulin isotypes - Journal of Cell Science
... excellently analysed in a recent review (Cleveland & Sullivan, 1985). In many cases where multiple tubulin DNA sequences have been observed in an organism’s genome it has subsequently been shown that at least some (in the case of mammals), and more often many, of these D N A sequences do represent f ...
... excellently analysed in a recent review (Cleveland & Sullivan, 1985). In many cases where multiple tubulin DNA sequences have been observed in an organism’s genome it has subsequently been shown that at least some (in the case of mammals), and more often many, of these D N A sequences do represent f ...
Station 1: Components of prokaryotic cells
... good bacteria we would have a lot of trouble surviving because they manage to keep you safe from a lot of the bad bacteria! Although they are small, bacteria are very clever and they have learnt to live everywhere! Bacteria live in the air, in the ground, in water, in and on plant and animals, even ...
... good bacteria we would have a lot of trouble surviving because they manage to keep you safe from a lot of the bad bacteria! Although they are small, bacteria are very clever and they have learnt to live everywhere! Bacteria live in the air, in the ground, in water, in and on plant and animals, even ...
Formins: Linking Cytoskeleton and Endomembranes in Plant Cells
... may vary among eukaryotic lineages, as some of them have only been described in one or a few models (albeit absence of evidence in other lineages should not be understood as evidence of absence). In plant cells, actin and its associated myosin motors are primarily in charge of fast relocation of cel ...
... may vary among eukaryotic lineages, as some of them have only been described in one or a few models (albeit absence of evidence in other lineages should not be understood as evidence of absence). In plant cells, actin and its associated myosin motors are primarily in charge of fast relocation of cel ...
bacteriophage - Micro-Rao
... life cycle. Soon after the nucleic acid is injected, the phage cycle is said to be in eclipse period. During the eclipse phase, no infectious phage particles can be found either inside or outside the bacterial cell. Eclipse phase represents the interval between the entry of phage nucleic acid into b ...
... life cycle. Soon after the nucleic acid is injected, the phage cycle is said to be in eclipse period. During the eclipse phase, no infectious phage particles can be found either inside or outside the bacterial cell. Eclipse phase represents the interval between the entry of phage nucleic acid into b ...
Lysophospholipids and fat digestibility
... of the cell structure, specifically membranes. The plasmat membrane (fig.2) is a fundamental element of the cell architecture, separating the living from the inert. However, this separation is far from being complete, because the membrane must allow both the entry of nutrients and the expression of ...
... of the cell structure, specifically membranes. The plasmat membrane (fig.2) is a fundamental element of the cell architecture, separating the living from the inert. However, this separation is far from being complete, because the membrane must allow both the entry of nutrients and the expression of ...
4-1
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
INTESTINAL AND LUMINAL PROTOZOA
... to unfavourable environmental conditions outside human host; • 4 nuclei • This is the infective form resistant to stomach acid if swallowed • survives up to 30 days; • excyst to trophozoite on passing through stomach • cyst 10-20 µm • chromotoidal body ...
... to unfavourable environmental conditions outside human host; • 4 nuclei • This is the infective form resistant to stomach acid if swallowed • survives up to 30 days; • excyst to trophozoite on passing through stomach • cyst 10-20 µm • chromotoidal body ...
L 9 Myosin
... myosin that 'cocks' the head into a position further along the filament. ATP is then hydrolysed, but the inorganic phosphate and ADP remain bound to myosin. Step 4: The myosin head makes weak contact with the actin filament and a slight conformational change occurs on myosin that promotes the releas ...
... myosin that 'cocks' the head into a position further along the filament. ATP is then hydrolysed, but the inorganic phosphate and ADP remain bound to myosin. Step 4: The myosin head makes weak contact with the actin filament and a slight conformational change occurs on myosin that promotes the releas ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.