Chloroplast
... (thylakoids), pigments, and enzymes trap sunlight energy to form ATP and NADPH • Sugars and starches are formed in the fluid substance (stroma) surrounding the stacks • Pigments such as chlorophyll (green) confer distinctive colours to the chloroplasts ...
... (thylakoids), pigments, and enzymes trap sunlight energy to form ATP and NADPH • Sugars and starches are formed in the fluid substance (stroma) surrounding the stacks • Pigments such as chlorophyll (green) confer distinctive colours to the chloroplasts ...
The Rise of Pathogens: Predation as a Factor Driving the Evolution
... in pathogenicity traits. Indeed, this may in part explain why most of the bacterial strains found in these environments are in fact not pathogens. Thus, we could envision that only a subset of anti-predator defenses would be effective in the human host and, therefore, only strains exhibiting these d ...
... in pathogenicity traits. Indeed, this may in part explain why most of the bacterial strains found in these environments are in fact not pathogens. Thus, we could envision that only a subset of anti-predator defenses would be effective in the human host and, therefore, only strains exhibiting these d ...
The Arabidopsis sku6-spiral1 gene encodes a plus end
... a two-dimensional downward bend, resulting in the cap pushing against the agar surface. Sensing this obstacle, a threedimensional cell expansion process is induced within the elongation zone, thereby changing the direction of root tip growth to either the right or left of its original trajectory (vi ...
... a two-dimensional downward bend, resulting in the cap pushing against the agar surface. Sensing this obstacle, a threedimensional cell expansion process is induced within the elongation zone, thereby changing the direction of root tip growth to either the right or left of its original trajectory (vi ...
Exploring Bioinorganic Pattern Formation in Diatoms. A Story of
... The study of diatom biology therefore promises to reveal many novel aspects (Scala and Bowler, 2001), and now that so much information has been generated about the “conventional” metabolism of model organisms such as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse (Mus musculus), and ...
... The study of diatom biology therefore promises to reveal many novel aspects (Scala and Bowler, 2001), and now that so much information has been generated about the “conventional” metabolism of model organisms such as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse (Mus musculus), and ...
Gene Section MAPRE1 (Microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 1)
... protein at the bud tip, creating a physical link between the microtubule end and the cell cortex. EB1 plays a role in linking kinetochores to kinetochore microtubules, which is important for chromosome stability. It is not known whether it regulates kinetochore microtubule dynamics or end-on ...
... protein at the bud tip, creating a physical link between the microtubule end and the cell cortex. EB1 plays a role in linking kinetochores to kinetochore microtubules, which is important for chromosome stability. It is not known whether it regulates kinetochore microtubule dynamics or end-on ...
University of Groningen How to get (a)round Pinho, Mariana
... PBPs dedicated to either cell elongation or cell division. However, whether two distinct types of machinery do indeed operate at these different sites has not been fully elucidated17. ...
... PBPs dedicated to either cell elongation or cell division. However, whether two distinct types of machinery do indeed operate at these different sites has not been fully elucidated17. ...
The song of lipids and proteins: dynamic lipid
... play a role in membrane protein polarity establishment and maintenance (Kleine-Vehn et al., 2011). Limiting diffusion of membrane proteins by their attachment to the cell wall is an important mechanism of plant membrane protein polarization (Martinière et al., 2012). The discovery of the rapid chang ...
... play a role in membrane protein polarity establishment and maintenance (Kleine-Vehn et al., 2011). Limiting diffusion of membrane proteins by their attachment to the cell wall is an important mechanism of plant membrane protein polarization (Martinière et al., 2012). The discovery of the rapid chang ...
Evaluation of cell membrane integrity as a potential antimicrobial
... development of new antibacterial drugs. Many plants produce secondary metabolites which contain a steroid or triterpernoid aglycon attached to one or more sugar chains that exhibit cell membrane permeabilizing properties [11]. Permeability enhancers are agents that decrease or remove extra cellular ...
... development of new antibacterial drugs. Many plants produce secondary metabolites which contain a steroid or triterpernoid aglycon attached to one or more sugar chains that exhibit cell membrane permeabilizing properties [11]. Permeability enhancers are agents that decrease or remove extra cellular ...
ECM and Drusen
... largely by composition, hence any alteration in composition will likely affect function (Davis et al. 2000; Paszek and Weaver 2004; Hynes 2009). ECMs are not static structures; studies in cancer, fibrosis and myocardial diseases demonstrated that ECM undergoes continuous dynamic remodeling (Cox and ...
... largely by composition, hence any alteration in composition will likely affect function (Davis et al. 2000; Paszek and Weaver 2004; Hynes 2009). ECMs are not static structures; studies in cancer, fibrosis and myocardial diseases demonstrated that ECM undergoes continuous dynamic remodeling (Cox and ...
tethering redox proteins to the outer membrane in Neisseria and
... from the surface of the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Hong et al. [18] showed that the Laz protein or a GST (glutathione transferase) fused to the signal peptide plus Nterminal LCR of Laz enables the globular azurin–GST to be surface-exposed in Neisseria (or indeed on expression in E. coli). ...
... from the surface of the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Hong et al. [18] showed that the Laz protein or a GST (glutathione transferase) fused to the signal peptide plus Nterminal LCR of Laz enables the globular azurin–GST to be surface-exposed in Neisseria (or indeed on expression in E. coli). ...
PDF - compatibile with Acrobat 3.0
... The question remains whether quorum sensing regulation of bacterial luminescence is a kind of a ‘social behaviour’ in which cells ‘predict’ the possibility of increased mutagenesis where conditions allow for efficient metabolism leading to extensive bacterial growth. Such conditions may cause the appe ...
... The question remains whether quorum sensing regulation of bacterial luminescence is a kind of a ‘social behaviour’ in which cells ‘predict’ the possibility of increased mutagenesis where conditions allow for efficient metabolism leading to extensive bacterial growth. Such conditions may cause the appe ...
Protein Synthesis and Quality Control at the Endoplasmic Reticulum
... Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, U.S.A., Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A., and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College S ...
... Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, U.S.A., Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A., and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College S ...
Batesian Mimicry: Can a Leopard Change Its Spots — and Get
... since the warning signals used by local model species represent known fitness optima for mimics. Forest butterfly communities in Amazon are dominated by unpalatable clearwing butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae, left) whose bodies contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In the lowlands of Eastern Peru, th ...
... since the warning signals used by local model species represent known fitness optima for mimics. Forest butterfly communities in Amazon are dominated by unpalatable clearwing butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae, left) whose bodies contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In the lowlands of Eastern Peru, th ...
Introduction to Microbiology
... scientists proposed a theory of spontaneous generation of microbial life. Pasteur in 1862 using sterilized equipment showed that growth of micro-organisms was possible only if an opportunity for outside contamination was provided. Rise of microbiology has refined the traditional microbiological proc ...
... scientists proposed a theory of spontaneous generation of microbial life. Pasteur in 1862 using sterilized equipment showed that growth of micro-organisms was possible only if an opportunity for outside contamination was provided. Rise of microbiology has refined the traditional microbiological proc ...
fungal and bacterial vascular wilts
... In bacterial wilts, the bacteria often destroy (dissolve) parts of cell walls of xylem vessels or cause them to rupture quite early in the development of the disease. In later stages of some bacterial wilts, the bacteria will reach the leaves and spread out in the intercellular spaces and can ooze o ...
... In bacterial wilts, the bacteria often destroy (dissolve) parts of cell walls of xylem vessels or cause them to rupture quite early in the development of the disease. In later stages of some bacterial wilts, the bacteria will reach the leaves and spread out in the intercellular spaces and can ooze o ...
1010ExamII_makeup
... Explain the Endosymbiotic Theory to me. This one is very important! (8 pts) ...
... Explain the Endosymbiotic Theory to me. This one is very important! (8 pts) ...
Energetics and genetics across the prokaryote
... of protoeukaryotes. While asserting the unprovable existence of extinct lines of eukaryotes is unsatisfying, if not unscientific, extinction is commonplace, and the argument seems, on the face of it, irrefutable. But there are several reasons to doubt that prokaryotes have repeatedly given rise to m ...
... of protoeukaryotes. While asserting the unprovable existence of extinct lines of eukaryotes is unsatisfying, if not unscientific, extinction is commonplace, and the argument seems, on the face of it, irrefutable. But there are several reasons to doubt that prokaryotes have repeatedly given rise to m ...
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
... lactones (AHLs)[2,3]. To date, about six different quorum sensing pathways have been identified; hence different bacteria use different pathways and autoinducers for their community behaviours. The gram negative bacteria use AHLs and gram positive bacteria use autoinducing peptides (AIPs) as signali ...
... lactones (AHLs)[2,3]. To date, about six different quorum sensing pathways have been identified; hence different bacteria use different pathways and autoinducers for their community behaviours. The gram negative bacteria use AHLs and gram positive bacteria use autoinducing peptides (AIPs) as signali ...
Protists Cells: Grow and Develop:
... Protists and the animal and plant kingdoms, they still use these kingdoms to help describe the different types of Protists. Protists are animal like, plant like, or fungi like. Protists are so small that they do not need any special organelles to take in gas or get rid of waste. They rely on simple ...
... Protists and the animal and plant kingdoms, they still use these kingdoms to help describe the different types of Protists. Protists are animal like, plant like, or fungi like. Protists are so small that they do not need any special organelles to take in gas or get rid of waste. They rely on simple ...
Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles in a Clinical
... tissue and evade host immune responses [2]. The virulence factors of Aeromonas can be classified as extracellular and structural, among these are secretion systems II, III, and VI [3,4]. ...
... tissue and evade host immune responses [2]. The virulence factors of Aeromonas can be classified as extracellular and structural, among these are secretion systems II, III, and VI [3,4]. ...
SNX9 – a prelude to vesicle release - Journal of Cell Science
... at the neck of endocytic vesicles, as well as the role of SNX9 in coupling vesicle formation and actin remodeling. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms of SNX9 regulation and outline a model of its function in CME. The SNX9-family proteins SNX9 was first described in 1999 as a Src homology 3 (SH ...
... at the neck of endocytic vesicles, as well as the role of SNX9 in coupling vesicle formation and actin remodeling. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms of SNX9 regulation and outline a model of its function in CME. The SNX9-family proteins SNX9 was first described in 1999 as a Src homology 3 (SH ...
Inexpensive and fast pathogenic bacteria screening using field
... expressed on their surface (called fimbriae), which allow bacteria to firmly adhere on the cells' surface and not be washed away in the urinary flow. Lectin protein structures, that constitute fimbriae, are expressed in at least 9 out of 10 UPEC strains (Oelschlaeger et al., 2002). As the specificit ...
... expressed on their surface (called fimbriae), which allow bacteria to firmly adhere on the cells' surface and not be washed away in the urinary flow. Lectin protein structures, that constitute fimbriae, are expressed in at least 9 out of 10 UPEC strains (Oelschlaeger et al., 2002). As the specificit ...
Working paper - Complex Systems Lab
... division is a feasible mechanism of vesicle self-replication (Macı́a and Solé, 2006). In this framework, the non-uniform distribution of osmotic pressures along the membrane is related to the non-uniform, enzyme-driven metabolite distribution inside the vesicle, with metabolic reactions taking plac ...
... division is a feasible mechanism of vesicle self-replication (Macı́a and Solé, 2006). In this framework, the non-uniform distribution of osmotic pressures along the membrane is related to the non-uniform, enzyme-driven metabolite distribution inside the vesicle, with metabolic reactions taking plac ...
Making parallel lines meet
... Figure 2. Co-localization of CSI1, CESA complexes, and microtubules. (A) Wild-type seedlings co-expressing GFP-CESA6 and RFP-CSI1: the co-alignment of CSI1 and CESA complexes is evident in the merged time-averaged image. (B) Wild-type seedlings co-expressing YFP-TUA5 and RFP-CSI1: the coalignment of ...
... Figure 2. Co-localization of CSI1, CESA complexes, and microtubules. (A) Wild-type seedlings co-expressing GFP-CESA6 and RFP-CSI1: the co-alignment of CSI1 and CESA complexes is evident in the merged time-averaged image. (B) Wild-type seedlings co-expressing YFP-TUA5 and RFP-CSI1: the coalignment of ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.