Protein transport across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
... conformational change, exposing a site on the ribosome to which a single Sec61 ⁄ SecY molecule could bind [25]. This is likely to be the molecule seen in recent EM structures of complexes of nontranslating ribosomes with either the SecY or the Sec61 complex [23,23a]. The bound SecY ⁄ Sec61 molecule ...
... conformational change, exposing a site on the ribosome to which a single Sec61 ⁄ SecY molecule could bind [25]. This is likely to be the molecule seen in recent EM structures of complexes of nontranslating ribosomes with either the SecY or the Sec61 complex [23,23a]. The bound SecY ⁄ Sec61 molecule ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... Membrane vesicles arriving at the plane of cell division initially fuse with one another and later with the tubulo-vesicular network derived from earlier fusion events (Figure 2). By analogy with other eukaryotic fusion events, cytokinetic membrane fusion should require Rab GTPases and their effecto ...
... Membrane vesicles arriving at the plane of cell division initially fuse with one another and later with the tubulo-vesicular network derived from earlier fusion events (Figure 2). By analogy with other eukaryotic fusion events, cytokinetic membrane fusion should require Rab GTPases and their effecto ...
as a PDF
... cell cortex and did not come from interior organizing centers such as the nuclear surface. Consistent with this, AtSpc98, a proposed microtubule organizing center component, has been localized to the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis cells (16). New microtubules did not remain anchored to their site of ...
... cell cortex and did not come from interior organizing centers such as the nuclear surface. Consistent with this, AtSpc98, a proposed microtubule organizing center component, has been localized to the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis cells (16). New microtubules did not remain anchored to their site of ...
Treadmilling by FtsZ filaments drives peptidoglycan
... the motions of the division-specific PG synthases and associated cytoskeletal polymers. Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) of a functional mNeonGreen-FtsZ fusion expressed from the native locus (Fig. S3A-C) frequently revealed directional movements of FtsZ signal within newly assembled Z r ...
... the motions of the division-specific PG synthases and associated cytoskeletal polymers. Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) of a functional mNeonGreen-FtsZ fusion expressed from the native locus (Fig. S3A-C) frequently revealed directional movements of FtsZ signal within newly assembled Z r ...
Mechanism of action
... used inside human body • Antibiotics (ATB), antimicrobial (ATM) agents are also chemoterapeutics with antimicrobial activiry that have - source in the nature - been produced artifitially ...
... used inside human body • Antibiotics (ATB), antimicrobial (ATM) agents are also chemoterapeutics with antimicrobial activiry that have - source in the nature - been produced artifitially ...
4-3. Cell wall structure of E. coli and B. subtilis
... (2) Peptidoglycan hydrolases in B. subtilis B. subtilis produces a complement set of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the shape-maintaining and stress-bearing peptidoglycan layer of its own cell wall (Fig. 3). Some of these peptidoglycan hydrolases can trigger cell lysis, and therefore can be called a ...
... (2) Peptidoglycan hydrolases in B. subtilis B. subtilis produces a complement set of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the shape-maintaining and stress-bearing peptidoglycan layer of its own cell wall (Fig. 3). Some of these peptidoglycan hydrolases can trigger cell lysis, and therefore can be called a ...
Escherichia coli Karl Skoog
... the replication of the DNA, followed by an elongation step in which the cells become twice as long. In the last step the elongated cell constricts in the middle and the two daughter cells are separated. The cell division process in E. coli has been extensively studied for at least 50 years and a lot ...
... the replication of the DNA, followed by an elongation step in which the cells become twice as long. In the last step the elongated cell constricts in the middle and the two daughter cells are separated. The cell division process in E. coli has been extensively studied for at least 50 years and a lot ...
Degradation by bacteria of membrane and soluble protein in seawater
... level (1.5 X 107 cells ml-l). After 50 h, bacterial abundance decreased while flagellate abundance increased. The flagellate abundance was as high as 8 X 103 cells ml-l. A similar general pattern of changes in abundance of bacteria and flagellates was observed in Expt 5 (data not shown). No data of ...
... level (1.5 X 107 cells ml-l). After 50 h, bacterial abundance decreased while flagellate abundance increased. The flagellate abundance was as high as 8 X 103 cells ml-l. A similar general pattern of changes in abundance of bacteria and flagellates was observed in Expt 5 (data not shown). No data of ...
Biological synthesis of fluorescent nanoparticles by cadmium and
... systems such as faster growth rates and efficient strategies to overcome the inherent toxicity of heavy metals that constitute the core of these nanoparticles, which are very harmful to many organisms at low concentrations [14, 15]. These strategies likely include processes such as metal reduction a ...
... systems such as faster growth rates and efficient strategies to overcome the inherent toxicity of heavy metals that constitute the core of these nanoparticles, which are very harmful to many organisms at low concentrations [14, 15]. These strategies likely include processes such as metal reduction a ...
Example of a scientific poster - SPUR
... cells, and CagA is a major risk factor for disease development. The Guillemin lab has developed a transgenic Drosophila model to examine the effects of CagA on the intestinal epithelium of live Drosophila. We found that CagA expression enhanced cell proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. We nex ...
... cells, and CagA is a major risk factor for disease development. The Guillemin lab has developed a transgenic Drosophila model to examine the effects of CagA on the intestinal epithelium of live Drosophila. We found that CagA expression enhanced cell proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. We nex ...
Translocation of proteins across archaeal cytoplasmic membranes
... vivo, and in vitro analyses of archaeal cellular processes have not only led to a better understanding of life under extreme conditions, but have also provided novel insights into bacterial and eukaryotic cellular function. One such cellular process is that of protein translocation. 1.2. Protein tra ...
... vivo, and in vitro analyses of archaeal cellular processes have not only led to a better understanding of life under extreme conditions, but have also provided novel insights into bacterial and eukaryotic cellular function. One such cellular process is that of protein translocation. 1.2. Protein tra ...
Title Molecular Pathways: The Role of Primary Cilia in Cancer
... are expected to be effective as anti-cancer drugs through killing cancer cells as well as through targeting stromal cells associated with tumorigenesis (e.g. inhibition of angiogenesis). In this section, our focus is on the role cilia play in the efficacy of Hhtargeted drugs specifically on cancer c ...
... are expected to be effective as anti-cancer drugs through killing cancer cells as well as through targeting stromal cells associated with tumorigenesis (e.g. inhibition of angiogenesis). In this section, our focus is on the role cilia play in the efficacy of Hhtargeted drugs specifically on cancer c ...
Left-right axis determination - Izpisua Belmonte Lab
... predicted a key element: the motion of cilia must be around an axis tilted to the posterior to elicit a leftward flow.30 Subsequently, high-speed recording of the projection of the motion of the tip of cilia on the surface of the node provided evidence that the projected trajectory has an elliptic s ...
... predicted a key element: the motion of cilia must be around an axis tilted to the posterior to elicit a leftward flow.30 Subsequently, high-speed recording of the projection of the motion of the tip of cilia on the surface of the node provided evidence that the projected trajectory has an elliptic s ...
Membrane biogenesis in anoxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes
... sphaeroides, which contain the L and M polypeptide homologs of the D1 and D2 subunits of Photosystem II, and bind the BChl, bacteriopheophytin, quinone, and other cofactors. The atomic-resolution structure of the LH 2 complex of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila (McDermott et al. 1995) revealed a ring of ...
... sphaeroides, which contain the L and M polypeptide homologs of the D1 and D2 subunits of Photosystem II, and bind the BChl, bacteriopheophytin, quinone, and other cofactors. The atomic-resolution structure of the LH 2 complex of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila (McDermott et al. 1995) revealed a ring of ...
Actin microfilaments in fungi
... et al. 1997). ABPs associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane are thought to mediate interaction between the mitochondria and actin cables (Boldogh et al. 1998). There have been suggestions that the force powering mitochondrial movement arises from Arp2/3 complex mediated actin nucleation and ...
... et al. 1997). ABPs associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane are thought to mediate interaction between the mitochondria and actin cables (Boldogh et al. 1998). There have been suggestions that the force powering mitochondrial movement arises from Arp2/3 complex mediated actin nucleation and ...
The Cortical Microtubule Array: From Dynamics to
... tion of CMT arrays as highly dynamic structures. However, this understanding simultaneously raised the following question: How does a large population of dynamic CMTs become organized into specific arrays that can persist for considerable lengths of time during development? The polar nature of micro ...
... tion of CMT arrays as highly dynamic structures. However, this understanding simultaneously raised the following question: How does a large population of dynamic CMTs become organized into specific arrays that can persist for considerable lengths of time during development? The polar nature of micro ...
Mating behavior, male sensory cilia, and polycystins
... Cilia are antenna-like organelles that protrude from many eukaryotic cells and sense the environment [1]. Cilia also provide motile functions, and are often called flagella when they are essential to the motility of a cell or organism, such as in algae and spermatozoa. Virtually every cilium in the e ...
... Cilia are antenna-like organelles that protrude from many eukaryotic cells and sense the environment [1]. Cilia also provide motile functions, and are often called flagella when they are essential to the motility of a cell or organism, such as in algae and spermatozoa. Virtually every cilium in the e ...
Studies on polar cell wall growth and antibiotic susceptibility of
... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram positive soil bacterium with high industrial importance in ton scale production of amino acids. Apart from that, it becomes more and more important for medical studies, where it serves as model organism due to its close relation to bacteria causing several pathog ...
... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram positive soil bacterium with high industrial importance in ton scale production of amino acids. Apart from that, it becomes more and more important for medical studies, where it serves as model organism due to its close relation to bacteria causing several pathog ...
Microbiology : Unit #2 : Bacteria
... the stomachs of cows allow for the cow to break down and digest the “cellulose” in plant cells. These bacteria help cows turn cellulose into glucose. The bacteria produce methane gas in this process. ...
... the stomachs of cows allow for the cow to break down and digest the “cellulose” in plant cells. These bacteria help cows turn cellulose into glucose. The bacteria produce methane gas in this process. ...
Title Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis surface topographical
... While surface defects can promote preferential surface colonization, the size and shape of bacterial cells also need to be considered. One previous study conducted by Medilanski et al. [25], demonstrated that cell morphology influenced the cell’s proficiency to adhere within surface topographical he ...
... While surface defects can promote preferential surface colonization, the size and shape of bacterial cells also need to be considered. One previous study conducted by Medilanski et al. [25], demonstrated that cell morphology influenced the cell’s proficiency to adhere within surface topographical he ...
A tour of the cell - The Open University
... The subcellular components can then be recovered by centrifugation. The cell homogenate is dispensed into centrifuge tubes which are placed into a rotating holder (known as a rotor) that fits into the centrifuge. As the rotor turns, particles suspended in the homogenate migrate towards the bottom of ...
... The subcellular components can then be recovered by centrifugation. The cell homogenate is dispensed into centrifuge tubes which are placed into a rotating holder (known as a rotor) that fits into the centrifuge. As the rotor turns, particles suspended in the homogenate migrate towards the bottom of ...
Base composition bias might result from competition for metabolic
... Our hypothesis cannot be a basis for explaining the entire variety of GC content variation in bacteria, otherwise there would be no GC-rich bacterial genomes. Other important factors constrain the nucleotide composition of genomes and further genome research will certainly be illuminating. This hypo ...
... Our hypothesis cannot be a basis for explaining the entire variety of GC content variation in bacteria, otherwise there would be no GC-rich bacterial genomes. Other important factors constrain the nucleotide composition of genomes and further genome research will certainly be illuminating. This hypo ...
The endocytosis of cellulose synthase in
... proteins involved in CME. A dynamin-related protein, DRP1A, plays a significant ...
... proteins involved in CME. A dynamin-related protein, DRP1A, plays a significant ...
Presence of methyl sterol and bacteriohopanepolyol
... recovered by centrifugation before initiating phase separation and was used for P-hydroxy fatty acid analysis (see below). The total lipid extract was analysed for phospholipid phosphate (Dittmer & Wells, 1969), and phospholipid esterified fatty acid by mild-alkaline methanolysis (White et al., 1979 ...
... recovered by centrifugation before initiating phase separation and was used for P-hydroxy fatty acid analysis (see below). The total lipid extract was analysed for phospholipid phosphate (Dittmer & Wells, 1969), and phospholipid esterified fatty acid by mild-alkaline methanolysis (White et al., 1979 ...
Figure 2 - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... about the chemical composition of their surroundings. Decreased attractant concentration or increased repellant concentration results in conformational changes in the MCPs that culminate in autophosphorylation of histidine kinase CheA that in turn phosphorylates response regulator CheY. Phosphorylat ...
... about the chemical composition of their surroundings. Decreased attractant concentration or increased repellant concentration results in conformational changes in the MCPs that culminate in autophosphorylation of histidine kinase CheA that in turn phosphorylates response regulator CheY. Phosphorylat ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.