RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
Distinct roles of doublecortin modulating the microtubule cytoskeleton.
... examine microtubule structure and function in the presence and absence of doublecortin. Firstly, they examined the microtubule system using light microscopy in order to probe the effect of doublecortin on microtubule growth. They found that the microtubule growth rate in the presence of doublecortin ...
... examine microtubule structure and function in the presence and absence of doublecortin. Firstly, they examined the microtubule system using light microscopy in order to probe the effect of doublecortin on microtubule growth. They found that the microtubule growth rate in the presence of doublecortin ...
The dynamics of plant plasma membrane proteins
... mutant alleles of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 encode proteins that are retained in the ER instead of being sorted to the plasma membrane, which interferes with brassinosteroid-controlled plant development, presumably as a consequence of deficiencies in hormone perception (Su et al., 2011). Suc ...
... mutant alleles of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 encode proteins that are retained in the ER instead of being sorted to the plasma membrane, which interferes with brassinosteroid-controlled plant development, presumably as a consequence of deficiencies in hormone perception (Su et al., 2011). Suc ...
Dynamin as a mover and pincher during cell migration and invasion
... (Vicente-Manzanares et al., 2005). While the leading edge of a migrating cell is expanding and establishing new connections to the extracellular matrix, the rear disassembles its focal adhesions, allowing the cell to retract. In addition, migration involves the rearrangement of specific cellular str ...
... (Vicente-Manzanares et al., 2005). While the leading edge of a migrating cell is expanding and establishing new connections to the extracellular matrix, the rear disassembles its focal adhesions, allowing the cell to retract. In addition, migration involves the rearrangement of specific cellular str ...
Progress in understanding the role of microtubules in plant cells
... recognize that they are far more complex than the clean, green structures we usually see labeled with fluorescent probes. Microtubule surfaces are heavily congested places, the landing platforms for all sorts of proteins, membranous inclusions, nucleotides and ions. Some residents, the microtubule-a ...
... recognize that they are far more complex than the clean, green structures we usually see labeled with fluorescent probes. Microtubule surfaces are heavily congested places, the landing platforms for all sorts of proteins, membranous inclusions, nucleotides and ions. Some residents, the microtubule-a ...
Microtubules
... E.g., during prophase of mitosis, microtubules grow out from the centrosome. If the plus end of a microtubule makes contact with a chromosome, the end becomes stabilized. Otherwise rapid disassembly at the plus end ensues, and the tubulin dimers are available for growth of another ...
... E.g., during prophase of mitosis, microtubules grow out from the centrosome. If the plus end of a microtubule makes contact with a chromosome, the end becomes stabilized. Otherwise rapid disassembly at the plus end ensues, and the tubulin dimers are available for growth of another ...
Culturing marine bacteria – an essential - Archimer
... assemblages. These may originate from mutualistic interactions, such as those derived from syntrophic relationships, or from cell-to-cell communications. It is now known that even the simplest unicellular organisms can interact with other organisms through cell-to-cell signalling, or quorum sensing ...
... assemblages. These may originate from mutualistic interactions, such as those derived from syntrophic relationships, or from cell-to-cell communications. It is now known that even the simplest unicellular organisms can interact with other organisms through cell-to-cell signalling, or quorum sensing ...
actin filament-membrane attachment: are membrane particles
... the attachment of the actin filaments to membranes is by integral membrane proteins or proteins situated at least in part within the lipid bilayer. We selected for examination the only systems known in which the possible involvement of membrane particles in the attachment of actin filaments to membr ...
... the attachment of the actin filaments to membranes is by integral membrane proteins or proteins situated at least in part within the lipid bilayer. We selected for examination the only systems known in which the possible involvement of membrane particles in the attachment of actin filaments to membr ...
Asymmetric adhesion of rod-shaped bacteria controls microcolony
... mutant cupA1 (brown, N=98). Error bars represent standard errors. C. Successive laser ablations of one daughter after division of WT E. coli enables to orient the cell axis and assess the sign of Acell . Positive Acell indicates that adhesion is biased towards the old pole. D. Images of WT E. coli b ...
... mutant cupA1 (brown, N=98). Error bars represent standard errors. C. Successive laser ablations of one daughter after division of WT E. coli enables to orient the cell axis and assess the sign of Acell . Positive Acell indicates that adhesion is biased towards the old pole. D. Images of WT E. coli b ...
this PDF file
... hydroxylamine to generate energy and produce N 2 gas, and this probable process was proven by experiments of van de Graaf et al [4,8]. In contrast, ancient planctomycets would utilize nitrite through dissimilatory process to ammonium via hydroxylamine as an intermediate. This reciprocal metabolism s ...
... hydroxylamine to generate energy and produce N 2 gas, and this probable process was proven by experiments of van de Graaf et al [4,8]. In contrast, ancient planctomycets would utilize nitrite through dissimilatory process to ammonium via hydroxylamine as an intermediate. This reciprocal metabolism s ...
RFX2 is broadly required for ciliogenesis during
... genes, we also examined the expression patterns of Rfx1, Rfx3, Rfx4, and Rfx5 in Xenopus. In situ hybridization showed that all Rfx genes were expressed in the neural tube (Supp. Figs. 2B, E, I, L), suggesting potentially redundant roles for these genes in the control of the neural tube ciliogenesis ...
... genes, we also examined the expression patterns of Rfx1, Rfx3, Rfx4, and Rfx5 in Xenopus. In situ hybridization showed that all Rfx genes were expressed in the neural tube (Supp. Figs. 2B, E, I, L), suggesting potentially redundant roles for these genes in the control of the neural tube ciliogenesis ...
Evolution of HSP70 gene and its implications regarding - ACE-SAP
... transport of proteins and in protecting the organisms from thermal or other stress-induced damages (Lindquist and Craig 1988; Morimoto et al. 1990; Gething and Sambrook 1992). Although synthesis of some HSP70 homologs is induced by thermal or other stressors, they constitute essential and abundant p ...
... transport of proteins and in protecting the organisms from thermal or other stress-induced damages (Lindquist and Craig 1988; Morimoto et al. 1990; Gething and Sambrook 1992). Although synthesis of some HSP70 homologs is induced by thermal or other stressors, they constitute essential and abundant p ...
Protein secretion and surface display in Gram
... much thicker than that of Gram-negative microbes; in some cases, it can be 50– 100 nm in diameter [48]. Cell wall envelopes can be isolated by first physically breaking cells with glass or aluminium beads and then purifying murein sacculi, which are impenetrable to proteins [49]. One wonders whether ...
... much thicker than that of Gram-negative microbes; in some cases, it can be 50– 100 nm in diameter [48]. Cell wall envelopes can be isolated by first physically breaking cells with glass or aluminium beads and then purifying murein sacculi, which are impenetrable to proteins [49]. One wonders whether ...
Test Bank - rsffa.org
... 8. In plants, ____________________ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, whereas ____________________ convert chemical energy into compounds that are convenient for the cell to use. 9. The cell takes in food and water and eliminates wastes through its selectively permeabl ...
... 8. In plants, ____________________ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, whereas ____________________ convert chemical energy into compounds that are convenient for the cell to use. 9. The cell takes in food and water and eliminates wastes through its selectively permeabl ...
Plasma membrane repair in plants
... proteins essential in intracellular membrane fusion might be anticipated, not only because these proteins constitute the core exocytosis machinery [35,36], but also because Syt VII [37] and otoferlin, a close dysferlin homologue [38] interact functionally with SNARE proteins in animal cells. Dysferl ...
... proteins essential in intracellular membrane fusion might be anticipated, not only because these proteins constitute the core exocytosis machinery [35,36], but also because Syt VII [37] and otoferlin, a close dysferlin homologue [38] interact functionally with SNARE proteins in animal cells. Dysferl ...
Two-dimensional numerical study of flow
... When blood components adhere to a surface (e.g., the wall of a blood vessel) and are subject to a flow at the same time, cell tethers (i.e., long thin membrane cylinders extruded from adhered cells) may form due to the cooperation of hydrodynamic forces and adhesion forces. This phenomenon has been o ...
... When blood components adhere to a surface (e.g., the wall of a blood vessel) and are subject to a flow at the same time, cell tethers (i.e., long thin membrane cylinders extruded from adhered cells) may form due to the cooperation of hydrodynamic forces and adhesion forces. This phenomenon has been o ...
A Difference between Rods and Cones in the Renewal of Outer
... cell, in contact with the pigment epithelium. These findings led to the suggestion that the entire rod outer segment might be undergoing renewal by repeated addition of new membranous discs at the base of the outer segment, in conjunction with a balanced removal of disc material at its apex.5 The re ...
... cell, in contact with the pigment epithelium. These findings led to the suggestion that the entire rod outer segment might be undergoing renewal by repeated addition of new membranous discs at the base of the outer segment, in conjunction with a balanced removal of disc material at its apex.5 The re ...
Induction of light emission by luminescent bacteria treated with UV
... The results presented in this report indicate that UV-mediated stimulation of bacterial luminescence is a general phenomenon, not restricted to one species. A significant increase in luminescence was found in all strains of marine luminescent bacteria tested (Figure 2). Since for two species, V. fis ...
... The results presented in this report indicate that UV-mediated stimulation of bacterial luminescence is a general phenomenon, not restricted to one species. A significant increase in luminescence was found in all strains of marine luminescent bacteria tested (Figure 2). Since for two species, V. fis ...
Chemical genetics discloses the importance of heme
... Regulation of the EB-to-RB transition. Chlamydiae is intracellularly located within the expanding endocytosed vacuole termed the “inclusion”, a membrane-bound compartment that separates the bacteria from the host cell cytoplasm (Moulder 1991). After invasion, chlamydiae stimulate the transport of th ...
... Regulation of the EB-to-RB transition. Chlamydiae is intracellularly located within the expanding endocytosed vacuole termed the “inclusion”, a membrane-bound compartment that separates the bacteria from the host cell cytoplasm (Moulder 1991). After invasion, chlamydiae stimulate the transport of th ...
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... Paredez et al., 2006). Golgi bodies circulate through the cytoplasm via the actomyosin system (Sparkes et al., 2008) and are characterized by rapid, nonlinear movement (Figure 1I; see Supplemental Movie 1 online). Electron microscopy (EM) images of immunogold-labeled cryosections of hypocotyl epider ...
... Paredez et al., 2006). Golgi bodies circulate through the cytoplasm via the actomyosin system (Sparkes et al., 2008) and are characterized by rapid, nonlinear movement (Figure 1I; see Supplemental Movie 1 online). Electron microscopy (EM) images of immunogold-labeled cryosections of hypocotyl epider ...
novel therapy of high-priority citrus diseases
... category, thereby allowing us to choose the chimera with the highest anti-bacterial activity. Thionin1-D4E1 chimera was the first one that we started working on three years ago. At that time, the sequence of the citrus genome was not completed, and hence complete screening of citrus Thionins was not ...
... category, thereby allowing us to choose the chimera with the highest anti-bacterial activity. Thionin1-D4E1 chimera was the first one that we started working on three years ago. At that time, the sequence of the citrus genome was not completed, and hence complete screening of citrus Thionins was not ...
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... Paredez et al., 2006). Golgi bodies circulate through the cytoplasm via the actomyosin system (Sparkes et al., 2008) and are characterized by rapid, nonlinear movement (Figure 1I; see Supplemental Movie 1 online). Electron microscopy (EM) images of immunogold-labeled cryosections of hypocotyl epider ...
... Paredez et al., 2006). Golgi bodies circulate through the cytoplasm via the actomyosin system (Sparkes et al., 2008) and are characterized by rapid, nonlinear movement (Figure 1I; see Supplemental Movie 1 online). Electron microscopy (EM) images of immunogold-labeled cryosections of hypocotyl epider ...
Cooperative organization of bacterial colonies: from genotype to
... a phase diagram (of liquid, solid, gas). There is a relatively sharp transition from one shape to the other, as the control parameters are varied and different morphologies are selected. It has been demonstrated that the concept of morphology diagram can also be applied to the growth of bacterial co ...
... a phase diagram (of liquid, solid, gas). There is a relatively sharp transition from one shape to the other, as the control parameters are varied and different morphologies are selected. It has been demonstrated that the concept of morphology diagram can also be applied to the growth of bacterial co ...
Chapter 05 Membranes
... Phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers The phosphate groups are charged, and other molecules attached to them are polar or charged. This creates a huge change in the molecule’s physical properties compared with a triglyceride. The strongly polar phosphate end is hydrophilic, or “water-loving,” wh ...
... Phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers The phosphate groups are charged, and other molecules attached to them are polar or charged. This creates a huge change in the molecule’s physical properties compared with a triglyceride. The strongly polar phosphate end is hydrophilic, or “water-loving,” wh ...
in pdf format
... immunostimulation with a mycobacterial cell wall formulation can restore homeostasis of the local inflammatory mechanisms and, consequently, assist in the prophylaxis or treatment of this condition. It is known that mycobacterial cell wall formulations (MCWF) possess adjuvant activity and have been ...
... immunostimulation with a mycobacterial cell wall formulation can restore homeostasis of the local inflammatory mechanisms and, consequently, assist in the prophylaxis or treatment of this condition. It is known that mycobacterial cell wall formulations (MCWF) possess adjuvant activity and have been ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.