Amoeba and Paramecium
... Paramecium Grammers • Growth: 0.05 mm avg. • Respond: -react to chemicals – salt and vinegar -live in slightly acidic environments (stagnant H2O) -anterior end sensitive – move by trial and error ...
... Paramecium Grammers • Growth: 0.05 mm avg. • Respond: -react to chemicals – salt and vinegar -live in slightly acidic environments (stagnant H2O) -anterior end sensitive – move by trial and error ...
Transport Across Membranes
... • There is a net movement of molecules down the concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached ...
... • There is a net movement of molecules down the concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached ...
Why are bacteria different from eukaryotes? INTERVIE W Open Access Julie A Theriot*
... kinds of interactions between cells. First, you need the ability to lay down an extracellular matrix, which bacteria are also perfectly capable of doing. But then you need some kind of structural elements within cells that can connect to the extracellular matrix and to one another in such a way that ...
... kinds of interactions between cells. First, you need the ability to lay down an extracellular matrix, which bacteria are also perfectly capable of doing. But then you need some kind of structural elements within cells that can connect to the extracellular matrix and to one another in such a way that ...
Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
Cells 3.3 Diffusion
... Sometimes cells move materials in the opposite direction from which the materials would normally move—that is against a concentration difference. This process is known as active transport. Active transport requires energy. ...
... Sometimes cells move materials in the opposite direction from which the materials would normally move—that is against a concentration difference. This process is known as active transport. Active transport requires energy. ...
File
... What organelles help make and transport proteins? Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized location ...
... What organelles help make and transport proteins? Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized location ...
Name The Amoeba The amoeba is a protozoan. It belongs to
... chloroplasts. Chloroplast allow Euglena to make their own food (they are producers). Euglena can also absorb food from their environment. Euglena live in ponds or puddles. Euglena move by a flagellum (plural ‚ flagella), which is a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor. The flagellu ...
... chloroplasts. Chloroplast allow Euglena to make their own food (they are producers). Euglena can also absorb food from their environment. Euglena live in ponds or puddles. Euglena move by a flagellum (plural ‚ flagella), which is a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor. The flagellu ...
The Intracellular Growth of Fowl -Plague Virus
... little change. They appeared, 24 hr. after inoculation, perhaps larger than normal; after 48 hr., some were somewhat shorter and thicker, with clubbed ends. Only when the cell was about to disintegrate did the mitochondria become rounded up. Small granular inclusions were sometimes seen in the cytop ...
... little change. They appeared, 24 hr. after inoculation, perhaps larger than normal; after 48 hr., some were somewhat shorter and thicker, with clubbed ends. Only when the cell was about to disintegrate did the mitochondria become rounded up. Small granular inclusions were sometimes seen in the cytop ...
Defining new SNARE functions: the i-SNARE
... in the case of SYP121, able to interact and control the K(+) channel KC1 (Grefen et al., 2010). The speculations about the mechanism active in plant cells can include the mechanisms elucidated in yeast cells with the exception that in S. cerevisiae a single Qc-SNARE is active at each step but more t ...
... in the case of SYP121, able to interact and control the K(+) channel KC1 (Grefen et al., 2010). The speculations about the mechanism active in plant cells can include the mechanisms elucidated in yeast cells with the exception that in S. cerevisiae a single Qc-SNARE is active at each step but more t ...
Photosynthesis
... energy (photons) by absorbing certain wavelengths (blue420 nm and red-660 nm are ...
... energy (photons) by absorbing certain wavelengths (blue420 nm and red-660 nm are ...
Exclusion of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/oxygenase
... 1995). Thus, it is generally thought that most Rubisco must be degraded into small nitrogenous molecules such as oligopeptides and/or amino acids within the chloroplasts at the early to middle stage of senescence and that the rest is then degraded by vacuolar proteases in the process of autolysis in ...
... 1995). Thus, it is generally thought that most Rubisco must be degraded into small nitrogenous molecules such as oligopeptides and/or amino acids within the chloroplasts at the early to middle stage of senescence and that the rest is then degraded by vacuolar proteases in the process of autolysis in ...
identification of a chloroplast dehydrin in leaves of mature plants
... first isolated chloroplasts from leaves of control, droughtstressed, cold-stressed, NaCl-stressed, and ABA-treated P. sativum plants. Immunoblots of the detergent-soluble proteins from these chloroplasts showed the detection of a dehydrin of ca. 31 kD in control leaf tissue (fig. 2A), as did the who ...
... first isolated chloroplasts from leaves of control, droughtstressed, cold-stressed, NaCl-stressed, and ABA-treated P. sativum plants. Immunoblots of the detergent-soluble proteins from these chloroplasts showed the detection of a dehydrin of ca. 31 kD in control leaf tissue (fig. 2A), as did the who ...
Regulation of Tcell receptor signaling by the actin cytoskeleton and
... physical segregation of TCRs from inhibitory phosphatases (11). This exclusion is based on the relatively bulky extracellular domain of CD45 versus the short interaction distance of TCR–pMHC (12, 13). Obviously, such a mechanism lends itself to actin-based mechanisms through the ability of the cytos ...
... physical segregation of TCRs from inhibitory phosphatases (11). This exclusion is based on the relatively bulky extracellular domain of CD45 versus the short interaction distance of TCR–pMHC (12, 13). Obviously, such a mechanism lends itself to actin-based mechanisms through the ability of the cytos ...
Syllabus
... p. 889-896 (to Bacterial Cell Org.)(8 pages) p. 898-906 (to Monomer Availability)(9 pages) p. 915-929 (to A protein complex)(15 pages) p. 936-941 (to Motile Cilia)(6 pages) Total number of pages from the textbook: 174 pages Membrane composition (including lipids) and fusion/fission Organellar lipido ...
... p. 889-896 (to Bacterial Cell Org.)(8 pages) p. 898-906 (to Monomer Availability)(9 pages) p. 915-929 (to A protein complex)(15 pages) p. 936-941 (to Motile Cilia)(6 pages) Total number of pages from the textbook: 174 pages Membrane composition (including lipids) and fusion/fission Organellar lipido ...
Introduction to Kingdom Protista
... organelles • Eyespot detects light • Contractile vacuole pumps out excess water • Pellicle covering cell membrane maintains shape ...
... organelles • Eyespot detects light • Contractile vacuole pumps out excess water • Pellicle covering cell membrane maintains shape ...
chapter07_section02_JKedit
... The nucleus is the control center of the cell. The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important ...
... The nucleus is the control center of the cell. The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important ...
Relaxation and Molecular Dynamics
... • Divide time into a series of timesteps, t • Expand position, velocity and acceleration as a Taylor series in t • Based on an initial set of positions, velocities and accelerations extrapolate to the next timestep e.g. v t t v t a.t (true for constant acceleration) ...
... • Divide time into a series of timesteps, t • Expand position, velocity and acceleration as a Taylor series in t • Based on an initial set of positions, velocities and accelerations extrapolate to the next timestep e.g. v t t v t a.t (true for constant acceleration) ...
The Fundamental Unit of Life
... Answer: Functional segments of DNA are called genes. 38. What is the function of chromatin material? Answer: The function of chromatin material is whenever the cell is about to divide, the chromatin material gets organised into chromosomes. 39. What are the main roles of nucleus? Answer: The nucleu ...
... Answer: Functional segments of DNA are called genes. 38. What is the function of chromatin material? Answer: The function of chromatin material is whenever the cell is about to divide, the chromatin material gets organised into chromosomes. 39. What are the main roles of nucleus? Answer: The nucleu ...
Exam #1
... 37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes? a. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process. b. They are all proteins. c. They are most active at low temperatures around 53 degrees C. d. They have active sites and act on specific substances calle ...
... 37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes? a. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process. b. They are all proteins. c. They are most active at low temperatures around 53 degrees C. d. They have active sites and act on specific substances calle ...
Magnetic nanoparticles: applications and cellular uptake
... The internalization of cholesterol from the extracellular fluid. The coated vesicle will lose its coat of clathrin proteins prior to fusion with an early endosome. In the endosome, the receptor-LDL complex will disassociate. The receptor will be recycled back to the plasma membrane in a recycling en ...
... The internalization of cholesterol from the extracellular fluid. The coated vesicle will lose its coat of clathrin proteins prior to fusion with an early endosome. In the endosome, the receptor-LDL complex will disassociate. The receptor will be recycled back to the plasma membrane in a recycling en ...
traffic jams affect plant development and signal transduction
... cis-SNARE complex (a SNARE complex where all the constituents are on the same membrane), which is recognized by a v-SNARE that aligns its coiled-coil region to form a four-helix bundle. The formation of this complex drives the fusion of the target and vesicle membranes, which allows the delivery of ...
... cis-SNARE complex (a SNARE complex where all the constituents are on the same membrane), which is recognized by a v-SNARE that aligns its coiled-coil region to form a four-helix bundle. The formation of this complex drives the fusion of the target and vesicle membranes, which allows the delivery of ...
PDF
... is less sensitive to actinomycin D than AchE or tyrosinase gene transcription. The fact that actinomycin D does not completely inhibit transcription in ascidian embryos (Whittaker, 1977) is consistent with this explanation. It is also conceivable, however, that the AP determinants require nuclei for ...
... is less sensitive to actinomycin D than AchE or tyrosinase gene transcription. The fact that actinomycin D does not completely inhibit transcription in ascidian embryos (Whittaker, 1977) is consistent with this explanation. It is also conceivable, however, that the AP determinants require nuclei for ...
Ameba Coloring
... don't fit into the other kingdoms. Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animallike. The ameba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the ameba has an unus ...
... don't fit into the other kingdoms. Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animallike. The ameba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the ameba has an unus ...
Cell Membrane - holyoke
... When something can move through a cell membrane without using any energy (like diffusion) it is called ___________ transport. ...
... When something can move through a cell membrane without using any energy (like diffusion) it is called ___________ transport. ...
chapter 7 a tour of the cell
... separate heavier pieces into the pellet while lighter particles remain in the supernatant. • As the process is repeated at higher speeds and longer durations, smaller and smaller organelles can be collected in subsequent pellets. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummi ...
... separate heavier pieces into the pellet while lighter particles remain in the supernatant. • As the process is repeated at higher speeds and longer durations, smaller and smaller organelles can be collected in subsequent pellets. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummi ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑