Fischbarg 2010 review
... Fischbarg J. Fluid Transport Across Leaky Epithelia: Central Role of the Tight Junction and Supporting Role of Aquaporins. Physiol Rev 90: 1271–1290, 2010; doi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2009.—The mechanism of epithelial fluid transport remains unsolved, which is partly due to inherent experimental diffi ...
... Fischbarg J. Fluid Transport Across Leaky Epithelia: Central Role of the Tight Junction and Supporting Role of Aquaporins. Physiol Rev 90: 1271–1290, 2010; doi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2009.—The mechanism of epithelial fluid transport remains unsolved, which is partly due to inherent experimental diffi ...
Integr. Comp. Biol., 43:55–63 Epithelium—the primary building block
... Mammalian vertebrates may also have the morphological equivalent of the septate junction where Schwann cells link to nerve axons at the node of Ranvier (Wiley and Ellisman, 1980; Tepass et al., 2001). Even though its position is topographically reversed from that of the invertebrate SJ (that is, it ...
... Mammalian vertebrates may also have the morphological equivalent of the septate junction where Schwann cells link to nerve axons at the node of Ranvier (Wiley and Ellisman, 1980; Tepass et al., 2001). Even though its position is topographically reversed from that of the invertebrate SJ (that is, it ...
Studies of vacuolar trafficking pathways regulated by RAB5 and
... transformed with these markers revealed that the increase in cell layers in mutant roots was caused by periclinal divisions of endodermal cells (Figure 3g,h). The outer daughter cells of divided endodermal cells also gradually lost endodermal identity, acquiring cortical identity (Figure 3i,j). The ...
... transformed with these markers revealed that the increase in cell layers in mutant roots was caused by periclinal divisions of endodermal cells (Figure 3g,h). The outer daughter cells of divided endodermal cells also gradually lost endodermal identity, acquiring cortical identity (Figure 3i,j). The ...
video slide - Issaquah Connect
... TECHNIQUE First, cells are homogenized in a blender to break them up. The resulting mixture (cell homogenate) is then centrifuged at various speeds and durations to fractionate the cell components, forming a series of pellets. ...
... TECHNIQUE First, cells are homogenized in a blender to break them up. The resulting mixture (cell homogenate) is then centrifuged at various speeds and durations to fractionate the cell components, forming a series of pellets. ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi Bodies, Mitochondria
... P-body (A), Golgi body (B) and mitochondrion (D), and 2 s for peroxisome (C). Bars on the far right pool all steps over 2 mm. ...
... P-body (A), Golgi body (B) and mitochondrion (D), and 2 s for peroxisome (C). Bars on the far right pool all steps over 2 mm. ...
7-3 Cell Boundaries - River Dell Regional School District
... bilayer. Carbohydrates attached to the proteins act like chemical identification cards allowing cells to identify each other. Some proteins form channels and pumps to help move material into and out of the cell ...
... bilayer. Carbohydrates attached to the proteins act like chemical identification cards allowing cells to identify each other. Some proteins form channels and pumps to help move material into and out of the cell ...
Muscle Properties
... • during muscle contraction, thin myofilaments slide inward toward the centre of a sarcomere • sarcomere shortens, but the lengths of the thin and thick myofilaments do not change • myosin cross bridges of the thick myofilaments connect with portions of actin on thin myofilaments • myosin cross brid ...
... • during muscle contraction, thin myofilaments slide inward toward the centre of a sarcomere • sarcomere shortens, but the lengths of the thin and thick myofilaments do not change • myosin cross bridges of the thick myofilaments connect with portions of actin on thin myofilaments • myosin cross brid ...
Phytopathologische Zeitschrift
... The ultrastructural changes during parasitism of the biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum and T. hamatum, were observed under a uansmission electron microscope. Electron micrographs show that during the interaction of TridJoderma spp. with either Sclerotium rolfsii or Rhizoctonia solani the hypha ...
... The ultrastructural changes during parasitism of the biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum and T. hamatum, were observed under a uansmission electron microscope. Electron micrographs show that during the interaction of TridJoderma spp. with either Sclerotium rolfsii or Rhizoctonia solani the hypha ...
ER and vacuoles: never been closer
... in situ visualization of sterols showed that ER-export of newly formed membranes can be COPII-independent in Arabidopsis roots (Viotti et al., 2013).These data point to the presence of an unknown mechanism in the endoplasmic reticulum that incorporates VHA-a3 and AVP1 to the provacuolar membrane tha ...
... in situ visualization of sterols showed that ER-export of newly formed membranes can be COPII-independent in Arabidopsis roots (Viotti et al., 2013).These data point to the presence of an unknown mechanism in the endoplasmic reticulum that incorporates VHA-a3 and AVP1 to the provacuolar membrane tha ...
to Light and Abscisic Acid
... to Light and Abscisic Acid’ Soon-Ok Eun and Youngsook Lee* Department of Life Science (S.-O.E., Y.L.), School of Environmental Engineering (Y.L.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea; and lnstitute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11 529, ...
... to Light and Abscisic Acid’ Soon-Ok Eun and Youngsook Lee* Department of Life Science (S.-O.E., Y.L.), School of Environmental Engineering (Y.L.), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea; and lnstitute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11 529, ...
Digging for the roots of amoeboid motility
... et al., 2012) and that presence of the WASP/SCAR pair in a genome is a signature of α motility (Fritz-Laylin et al., 2017). In addition, many will find it surprising that organisms classified as fungi are capable of amoeboid motility. However, amoeboid motility has previously been observed in zoospo ...
... et al., 2012) and that presence of the WASP/SCAR pair in a genome is a signature of α motility (Fritz-Laylin et al., 2017). In addition, many will find it surprising that organisms classified as fungi are capable of amoeboid motility. However, amoeboid motility has previously been observed in zoospo ...
"Molecular Motors in Plant Cells". In: Molecular Motors
... Molecular motors regulate diverse cellular functions including the organization and dynamics of microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic streaming, cell polarity, cell growth, morphogenesis, chromosome segregation and transport of vesicles, organelles and macromolecular complexes. In euk ...
... Molecular motors regulate diverse cellular functions including the organization and dynamics of microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic streaming, cell polarity, cell growth, morphogenesis, chromosome segregation and transport of vesicles, organelles and macromolecular complexes. In euk ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi
... P-body (A), Golgi body (B) and mitochondrion (D), and 2 s for peroxisome (C). Bars on the far right pool all steps over 2 mm. ...
... P-body (A), Golgi body (B) and mitochondrion (D), and 2 s for peroxisome (C). Bars on the far right pool all steps over 2 mm. ...
m5zn_7e2104c47c4f1d9
... MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROCESSES The mechanisms that enable substances to move a cross cell membranes are essential to the life of the cell. Certain substances, for example, must move into the cell to support needed biochemical reactions, while waste materials or harmful substances must be moved out. M ...
... MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROCESSES The mechanisms that enable substances to move a cross cell membranes are essential to the life of the cell. Certain substances, for example, must move into the cell to support needed biochemical reactions, while waste materials or harmful substances must be moved out. M ...
Review/ Derleme Evidences for the presence of caspase
... represents a striking apparent similarity with animal PCD. Because there are no caspase orthologue in plant genomes, a major challenge is to identify these proteases [15]. Plant cells have walls that may effect as physical barriers preventing the recycling of cellular material from dead cells by apo ...
... represents a striking apparent similarity with animal PCD. Because there are no caspase orthologue in plant genomes, a major challenge is to identify these proteases [15]. Plant cells have walls that may effect as physical barriers preventing the recycling of cellular material from dead cells by apo ...
Lesson 2 | The Cell
... chloroplast n. membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food cytoplasm n. fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules organelle n. membrane-surrounded components that have specialized functions nucleus n. part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and cont ...
... chloroplast n. membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food cytoplasm n. fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules organelle n. membrane-surrounded components that have specialized functions nucleus n. part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and cont ...
Active Transport
... Secondary active transport brings sodium ions, and possibly other compounds, into the cell. As sodium ion concentrations build outside of the plasma membrane because of the action of the primary active transport process, an electrochemical gradient is created. If a channel protein exists and is open ...
... Secondary active transport brings sodium ions, and possibly other compounds, into the cell. As sodium ion concentrations build outside of the plasma membrane because of the action of the primary active transport process, an electrochemical gradient is created. If a channel protein exists and is open ...
Peeping in on the cytoskeleton: light microscopy
... Labelled purified actin is the reagent of choice in in vitro single-molecule reconstitution experiments studying polymer growth properties or filament displacement (for example, by associated motor proteins11,12). Live cell imaging studies have also used fluorophore-labelled purified actin, but thes ...
... Labelled purified actin is the reagent of choice in in vitro single-molecule reconstitution experiments studying polymer growth properties or filament displacement (for example, by associated motor proteins11,12). Live cell imaging studies have also used fluorophore-labelled purified actin, but thes ...
Fungi
... The molds are filamentous fungi. They are widespread in nature. Each filament grows mainly at the tip, by extension of the terminal cell . A single filament is called a hypha (plural, hyphae). Hyphae usually grow together across a surface and form compact tufts, collectively called a mycelium, which ...
... The molds are filamentous fungi. They are widespread in nature. Each filament grows mainly at the tip, by extension of the terminal cell . A single filament is called a hypha (plural, hyphae). Hyphae usually grow together across a surface and form compact tufts, collectively called a mycelium, which ...
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Multiple-Choice Questions
... 12) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. B) plant cells ...
... 12) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. B) plant cells ...
Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... the side of a pre-existing filament, nucleates a new actin filament and caps its pointed end, resulting in a Y-junction with a characteristic angle of ~70°. After nucleation, the activator protein (a WASP family member or Act A) dissociates from the Arp2/3 complex and is available to activate anothe ...
... the side of a pre-existing filament, nucleates a new actin filament and caps its pointed end, resulting in a Y-junction with a characteristic angle of ~70°. After nucleation, the activator protein (a WASP family member or Act A) dissociates from the Arp2/3 complex and is available to activate anothe ...
Actin Filaments of Guard Cells Are Reorganized
... Actin filaments and microtubules in plant cells are often taken in the process of ABA treatment showed large variintimately associated in the cell cortex, and their stability is ations in stomatal size and actin filament patterns. Thus, interdependent. We localized microtubules to investigate we mea ...
... Actin filaments and microtubules in plant cells are often taken in the process of ABA treatment showed large variintimately associated in the cell cortex, and their stability is ations in stomatal size and actin filament patterns. Thus, interdependent. We localized microtubules to investigate we mea ...
Dictyostelium cytokinesis: from molecules to mechanics
... two daughter cells emerge. In contrast, a mutant myosin-II (3 · Ala) that has had three key threonine residues in the tail of the heavy chain changed to alanine residues overassembles in the cleavage-furrow cortex, reaching a sixfold increase in concentration (Figure 3). The phosphorylation of these ...
... two daughter cells emerge. In contrast, a mutant myosin-II (3 · Ala) that has had three key threonine residues in the tail of the heavy chain changed to alanine residues overassembles in the cleavage-furrow cortex, reaching a sixfold increase in concentration (Figure 3). The phosphorylation of these ...
Knocking on the heaven`s wall: pathogenesis of and resistance to
... antimicrobial furanocoumarins, whereas UV light stimulates a different branch pathway that leads to the accumulation of flavonoids in vacuoles [35]. It should be interesting to find out whether these examples of pathogen-triggered secretion events are based on a common molecular framework, which mig ...
... antimicrobial furanocoumarins, whereas UV light stimulates a different branch pathway that leads to the accumulation of flavonoids in vacuoles [35]. It should be interesting to find out whether these examples of pathogen-triggered secretion events are based on a common molecular framework, which mig ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑