Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... CD45 (also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C). All signaling events must be coordinated in time and space to achieve accurate T cell activation, and each of these activities is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cytoskeleton is a filamentous network known to provide m ...
... CD45 (also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C). All signaling events must be coordinated in time and space to achieve accurate T cell activation, and each of these activities is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cytoskeleton is a filamentous network known to provide m ...
Evaluation of flow cytometry as replacement for plating in in vitro
... The history of antibiotics can be said to start at several points in time, as humans have traditionally utilized plants, roots, molds and other natural compounds for medical purposes since millennia1. Antibiotics in the modern meaning are a more recent phenomenon. The scientific characterization and ...
... The history of antibiotics can be said to start at several points in time, as humans have traditionally utilized plants, roots, molds and other natural compounds for medical purposes since millennia1. Antibiotics in the modern meaning are a more recent phenomenon. The scientific characterization and ...
Type study Paramecium
... slipper animalcules because of their slipper-like shape. Paramecia are unicellular organisms usually less than 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) in length and covered with minute hair-like projections called cilia. Cilia are used in locomotion and during feeding. ...
... slipper animalcules because of their slipper-like shape. Paramecia are unicellular organisms usually less than 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) in length and covered with minute hair-like projections called cilia. Cilia are used in locomotion and during feeding. ...
Cytoskeletal Changes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During
... stimuli.17 The cytoskeleton consists of three components: actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. The backbone of the cytoskeleton is F-actin, which clusters to form actin filaments. Filaments can be bundled and crosslinked by several actin-binding proteins in a network and are mo ...
... stimuli.17 The cytoskeleton consists of three components: actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. The backbone of the cytoskeleton is F-actin, which clusters to form actin filaments. Filaments can be bundled and crosslinked by several actin-binding proteins in a network and are mo ...
Polyphosphates of the Yeast Cell Vacuole
... of the polyphosphate of the yeast cell may be associated with the cell surface. A further possibility is that the polyphosphates are contained in vesicular structures other than the main vacuole. The finding that the TCA extracts of the protoplasts apparently contained all the polyphosphates of the ...
... of the polyphosphate of the yeast cell may be associated with the cell surface. A further possibility is that the polyphosphates are contained in vesicular structures other than the main vacuole. The finding that the TCA extracts of the protoplasts apparently contained all the polyphosphates of the ...
The cortical cytoskeletal network and cell-wall
... (Muller et al., 2009; Brandizzi and Wasteneys, 2013; Shaw, 2013). (1) Cortical microtubules are closely affiliated with the deposition and orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall (Paredez et al., 2006; Desprez et al., 2007; Lloyd and Chan, 2008; Crowell et al., 2009; Gutierrez et al., ...
... (Muller et al., 2009; Brandizzi and Wasteneys, 2013; Shaw, 2013). (1) Cortical microtubules are closely affiliated with the deposition and orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall (Paredez et al., 2006; Desprez et al., 2007; Lloyd and Chan, 2008; Crowell et al., 2009; Gutierrez et al., ...
spatial control of cell expansion by the plant cytoskeleton
... at a single site on the cell surface resulting in production of a cylindrical shape (Figure 2a). Thus, much work has been devoted to understanding how F-actin contributes to tip growth. Studies of F-actin organization in tipgrowing cells have produced rather different results depending on the locali ...
... at a single site on the cell surface resulting in production of a cylindrical shape (Figure 2a). Thus, much work has been devoted to understanding how F-actin contributes to tip growth. Studies of F-actin organization in tipgrowing cells have produced rather different results depending on the locali ...
Arsenic Content in the Soil of Waco Wetlands
... Arsenic is a naturally occurring element in the earth’s crust (Habeck 1996-‐2010). The concentraJon of arsenic in soil varies widely, generally raging from about 1 to 40 parts of arsenic ...
... Arsenic is a naturally occurring element in the earth’s crust (Habeck 1996-‐2010). The concentraJon of arsenic in soil varies widely, generally raging from about 1 to 40 parts of arsenic ...
Active gel physics
... general way of writing equations. The only concern is that one has to assume the existence of the state around which the system is perturbed although its existence is not guaranteed. A second approach is to perturb the system in the vicinity of an equilibrium state. This guarantees the existence of ...
... general way of writing equations. The only concern is that one has to assume the existence of the state around which the system is perturbed although its existence is not guaranteed. A second approach is to perturb the system in the vicinity of an equilibrium state. This guarantees the existence of ...
Hongzhi Li School of Life Science
... As with the passive diffusion of other types of solutes across membranes, the diffusion of ions through a channel is always downhill, that is, from a state of higher energy to a state of lower energy. Most of the ion channels that have been identified can exist in either an open or a closed conforma ...
... As with the passive diffusion of other types of solutes across membranes, the diffusion of ions through a channel is always downhill, that is, from a state of higher energy to a state of lower energy. Most of the ion channels that have been identified can exist in either an open or a closed conforma ...
Photosynthesis Research
... In 1980, Wildman et al. (Bot Gaz 141: 24–36) proposed a three-dimensional model for chloroplast structure whereby the grana were arranged in non-overlapping rows, like beads on a string. This string-of-grana model was developed from phase microscope analysis of living cells and partially disrupted, ...
... In 1980, Wildman et al. (Bot Gaz 141: 24–36) proposed a three-dimensional model for chloroplast structure whereby the grana were arranged in non-overlapping rows, like beads on a string. This string-of-grana model was developed from phase microscope analysis of living cells and partially disrupted, ...
1. Background and overview of photosynthesis: cell structure
... o In oxygenic photosynthesis ATP and NADPH synthesized. o In anoxygenic photosynthesis ATP is primary product. dark reactions: o fixation of CO2 into cellular carbon. The majority of autotrophs (photoautotrophs, and chemoautotrophs) use the Calvin Benson Cycle (also known as the C3 pathway or the re ...
... o In oxygenic photosynthesis ATP and NADPH synthesized. o In anoxygenic photosynthesis ATP is primary product. dark reactions: o fixation of CO2 into cellular carbon. The majority of autotrophs (photoautotrophs, and chemoautotrophs) use the Calvin Benson Cycle (also known as the C3 pathway or the re ...
Chloroplasts in living cells and the string-of
... In 1980, Wildman et al. (Bot Gaz 141: 24–36) proposed a three-dimensional model for chloroplast structure whereby the grana were arranged in non-overlapping rows, like beads on a string. This string-of-grana model was developed from phase microscope analysis of living cells and partially disrupted, ...
... In 1980, Wildman et al. (Bot Gaz 141: 24–36) proposed a three-dimensional model for chloroplast structure whereby the grana were arranged in non-overlapping rows, like beads on a string. This string-of-grana model was developed from phase microscope analysis of living cells and partially disrupted, ...
A Simple 1-D Physical Model for the Crawling Nematode Sperm Cell
... Biochemical Regulation. The precise role played by pH in MSP turnover, bundling and adhesion is yet to be established. In the model, we use pH distribution as a marker for these processes. We assume that protons constantly appear at the cell body, and that protons leak out from the lamellipod, maint ...
... Biochemical Regulation. The precise role played by pH in MSP turnover, bundling and adhesion is yet to be established. In the model, we use pH distribution as a marker for these processes. We assume that protons constantly appear at the cell body, and that protons leak out from the lamellipod, maint ...
microbiology-1st-edition-wessner-test-bank
... 18) If cells are placed into a hypertonic solution, what reaction would you expect? a) The cell would lose water. b) The cell would gain water. c) The cell would pump out ions. d) The cell would lyse. e) The cell would increase in size. Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify ...
... 18) If cells are placed into a hypertonic solution, what reaction would you expect? a) The cell would lose water. b) The cell would gain water. c) The cell would pump out ions. d) The cell would lyse. e) The cell would increase in size. Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 2.4 Identify ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 1152 Sergey Ivanov and Maria J. Harrison components, membranes and membrane compartments is currently missing for M. truncatula. Furthermore, such a resource is not available for either L. japonicus or G. max. Such a cell biology resource can assist in providing insights into sub-cellular changes w ...
... 1152 Sergey Ivanov and Maria J. Harrison components, membranes and membrane compartments is currently missing for M. truncatula. Furthermore, such a resource is not available for either L. japonicus or G. max. Such a cell biology resource can assist in providing insights into sub-cellular changes w ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Size & shape depends on cell # & cell size Decide which way to divide & which way to elongate • Periclinal = perpendicular to surface: get longer • Anticlinal = parallel to surface: add more layers Now must decide which way to elongate: which walls to stretch ...
... Size & shape depends on cell # & cell size Decide which way to divide & which way to elongate • Periclinal = perpendicular to surface: get longer • Anticlinal = parallel to surface: add more layers Now must decide which way to elongate: which walls to stretch ...
Microtubules Regulate Dynamic Organization of Vacuoles in
... vacuoles, they are generally unsuitable for detailed analysis of vacuolar structures because of fluorescence fading upon multi-image acquisition. We thus employed a fusion construct of GFP and an Arabidopsis tonoplast t-SNARE, encoded by AtVAM3/SYP22, that is an excellent tonoplast marker and has bee ...
... vacuoles, they are generally unsuitable for detailed analysis of vacuolar structures because of fluorescence fading upon multi-image acquisition. We thus employed a fusion construct of GFP and an Arabidopsis tonoplast t-SNARE, encoded by AtVAM3/SYP22, that is an excellent tonoplast marker and has bee ...
Different subcellular locations of secretome components of
... Gram-positive bacteria contain different types of secretion systems for the transport of proteins into or across the cytoplasmic membrane. Recent studies on subcellular localization of specific components of these secretion systems and their substrates have shown that they can be present at various ...
... Gram-positive bacteria contain different types of secretion systems for the transport of proteins into or across the cytoplasmic membrane. Recent studies on subcellular localization of specific components of these secretion systems and their substrates have shown that they can be present at various ...
Contraction of Rabbit Psoas Muscle
... channels are triggered to open within the cell, releasing calcium from intracellular structures referred to as sarcoplasmic reticula. Increased intracellular calcium is then free to bind to the regulatory protein, troponin, causing a conformational change. Troponin is associated with another regulat ...
... channels are triggered to open within the cell, releasing calcium from intracellular structures referred to as sarcoplasmic reticula. Increased intracellular calcium is then free to bind to the regulatory protein, troponin, causing a conformational change. Troponin is associated with another regulat ...
Differentiation of primordial germ cells in the
... nuclear membrane and inside the nucleus one can see double membranes, smooth cisternae and like in prespermatogonia, cisternae of the annulate lamellae (Fig. 22). Vesicles blebbing off from the outer nuclear envelope were very rarely observed. The cytoplasm contains numerous vesicles and cisternae o ...
... nuclear membrane and inside the nucleus one can see double membranes, smooth cisternae and like in prespermatogonia, cisternae of the annulate lamellae (Fig. 22). Vesicles blebbing off from the outer nuclear envelope were very rarely observed. The cytoplasm contains numerous vesicles and cisternae o ...
Full text in pdf format
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
Cell Membrane - WasmundScience
... Endocytosis is the case when a molecule causes the cell membrane to bulge inward, forming a vesicle. Phagocytosis is the type of endocytosis where an entire cell is engulfed. Pinocytosis is when the external fluid is engulfed. Receptor-mediated endocytosis occurs when the material to be transported ...
... Endocytosis is the case when a molecule causes the cell membrane to bulge inward, forming a vesicle. Phagocytosis is the type of endocytosis where an entire cell is engulfed. Pinocytosis is when the external fluid is engulfed. Receptor-mediated endocytosis occurs when the material to be transported ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑