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12.1 Identifying the Substance of Genes
12.1 Identifying the Substance of Genes

... – The foremost job of DNA, as the molecule of heredity, is to store information. – Genes control patterns of development, which means that the instructions that cause a single cell to develop into an oak tree, a sea urchin, or a dog must somehow be written into the DNA of each of these organisms. ...
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle

... the  atmosphere.    Although  N  is  typically  thought  of  as  a  nutrient  that  is  beneficial  to  biological   organisms,  it  may  also  be  a  pollutant  (e.g.,  derived  from  combustion  reactions).   ...
Ch 18-1 and 18
Ch 18-1 and 18

... A. The science of classifying organisms and assigning them a scientific name. B. Why are scientific names necessary? 1. Many common names for the same organism depending on regions. 2. Many different languages, which have different names for the same organism. ...
Coelectrospinning of biological compatible polymers with
Coelectrospinning of biological compatible polymers with

... biodegradability is becoming an issue, these materials also offer even more ideal growth surfaces for all kinds of bacteria. This in turn makes the use of these electrospun polymeric fibers unfavorable for the use in wound healing applications and also diapers. Here the risk of an infection is becom ...
Antibiotics: The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Antibiotics: The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

... Students often have a difficult time remembering the differences between prokaryotic (bacterial) and eukaryotic (human) cells after the class is over. Antibiotics have been engineered to kill bacteria by targeting the features that are specific to the prokaryotic cells. In designing their own antibi ...
Microbiology bulletin 10 May 2014
Microbiology bulletin 10 May 2014

... Purdue University have published an article in the Journal of Animal Science describing the effectiveness in controlling the growth of 0157:H7 by use of bacteriophages. They note however that some resistant strains of the bacteria have evolved and suggest that further studies are needed to develop r ...
CSIM2.1: case launch
CSIM2.1: case launch

... o Non-encapsulated strains are pleomorphic but often filamentous  Present as part of the normal flora of up to 75% of the population  Can cause otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia o Infections tend to affect children under 5 years of age – very low rates in adults o Does not produce exotoxins an ...
SURGICAL INFECTIONS
SURGICAL INFECTIONS

... toxins (eg tetanus) + viruses (vaccines), opsonizes bugs; kills Gm negs (with complement); IgA prevents bacterial attachment to epithelial surfaces. Defects in systemic host defenses Congenital: specific, often single defects Acquired: steroids, malnutrition, cancer, sepsis etc cause multiple defect ...
Introductory Microbiology
Introductory Microbiology

... • Plasma (cell) membrane – typical bilayer of phospholipids and proteins – serves as selectively permeable barrier in transport ...
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... springs or deep ocean hydrothermal vents – Methanogens: obligately anaerobic methane producing bacteria; found in human intestines and used in sewage-treatment processes ...
Chapter 27
Chapter 27

... and the outer membrane protects the pathogens from the defenses of their hosts. • Gram-negative bacteria are commonly more resistant than gram-positive species to antibiotics because the outer membrane impedes entry of antibiotics. ...
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... Structural components within the basal body of the flagellum allow the inner portion of this structure, the rods of the basal body, and the attached hook– filament complex to rotate. The outer rings remain statically in contact with the inner and outer cell membranes and cell wall (murein), anchorin ...
A history of life on earth – Chapter 5
A history of life on earth – Chapter 5

...  Period – an unit of time of any length  Epoch – a period that began by some significant change or event Geologic Time Line Geological time Formation of Earth  Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago by the collision and aggregation of many smaller bodies  As Earth cooled, crust formed and water ...
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... However, E. coli cannot attach sugars to proteins so proteins requiring such sugars have to be made in the cells of eukaryotes such as yeast cells and mammalian cells grown in ...
Viruses
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... • Yeasts are found in soil and water and on the skins of many fruits and vegetables. – Yeasts have been used for centuries to make wine and beer. – Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in baking. – Candida albicans is the yeast most frequently isolated from human clinical specimens, and is also the fung ...
Isolation and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from the
Isolation and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from the

... In recent years, bacterial resistance to antibiotics has risen to the forefront of world health issues. Overuse of antibiotics has been identified as a leading cause for the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance. One of the areas in which antibiotics are used heavily is in cattle ranching; ...
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Course Number: WS 200
Course Number: WS 200

... An introduction to a general study of life systems, including biological concepts and processes, metabolism, response and reproduction system, designed as an introduction to the health care science. Students will be introduced to the cell and all of its intricate parts and their functions. Covers 5 ...


... a nutrient broth amended with glucose and TTC. The response of the bacterial strains to refinery effluent is concentrationdependent. At 12.5% (v/v), the effluent stimulated dehydrogenase activity in Streptococcus sp. RW3 and Pseudomonas sp. RW4. In all strains, dehydrogenase activity was progressive ...
Recombinant Cloning
Recombinant Cloning

... plasmids (see Figure 1). Bacteria often have plasmids present in their cells and use them in case of ‘emergencies’; for example, plasmids commonly carry genes for antibiotic resistance. These are Figure 1: Bacterial DNA and plasmids. genes that wouldn’t be required under normal growing 1: Bacterial ...
Hygiene rules OK Powerpoint Presentation | GCSE
Hygiene rules OK Powerpoint Presentation | GCSE

... What is Food Poisoning? • Food poisoning is an illness you get by eating contaminated food. • Food is contaminated if there is something in it which shouldn’t be there ...
HYGIENE RULES! ok - Llantwit Major School
HYGIENE RULES! ok - Llantwit Major School

... What is Food Poisoning? • Food poisoning is an illness you get by eating contaminated food. • Food is contaminated if there is something in it which shouldn’t be there ...
Chapter 3,
Chapter 3,

... 1. A microbiologist describes an organism as a chemoheterotrophic, aerotolerant, mesophilic, facultatively halophilic bacillus. Describe the organism’s metabolic and structural features in plain English. The organism is a rod-shaped prokaryote that tolerates oxygen and high salt conditions (but does ...
Bacterial identification
Bacterial identification

...  Bacteria are identified ...
bacteria - Sakshieducation.com
bacteria - Sakshieducation.com

... • The ribosomes are of 70 S type and occur as groups known as Polysomes or Polyribosomes. • Chromatophores are groups of membrane bound tubular or flattened or spherical vesicles. They have chlorophylls, proteins and lipids. • Reserve food material is present in the form of glycogen or poly β – hydr ...
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Bacterial morphological plasticity

Bacterial morphological plasticity refers to evolutionary changes in the shape and size of bacterial cells. As bacteria evolve, morphology changes have to be made to maintain the consistency of the cell. However, this consistency could be affected in some circumstances (such as environmental stress) and changes in bacterial shape and size, but specially the transformation into filamentous organisms have been recently showed. These are survival strategies that affect the bacterial normal physiology in response for instance to innate immune response, predator sensing, quorum sensing and antimicrobial signs.
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