More than a meal integrating nonfeeding interactions into food webs
... Organisms eating each other are only one of many types of well documented and important interactions among species. Other such types include habitat modification, predator interference and facilitation. However, ecological network research has been typically limited to either pure food webs or to ne ...
... Organisms eating each other are only one of many types of well documented and important interactions among species. Other such types include habitat modification, predator interference and facilitation. However, ecological network research has been typically limited to either pure food webs or to ne ...
Final report, December 2001, 784KB PDF
... selected fisheries problems related to the North Pacific and Bering Sea, outlined their individual problem in a hierarchical structure, assigned weights of importance to issues using expert judgment, developed a prioritized list of options to address issues, and conducted a sensitivity analysis on t ...
... selected fisheries problems related to the North Pacific and Bering Sea, outlined their individual problem in a hierarchical structure, assigned weights of importance to issues using expert judgment, developed a prioritized list of options to address issues, and conducted a sensitivity analysis on t ...
The Marine Outcomes Monitoring framework
... conserve the spawners, combined with fishing of a very high intensity reduced the stocks to low abundance levels. Presently, after years of no direct fishing effort, there are small signs of a population increase but it will still take a substantially long time for the species to regain it’s former ...
... conserve the spawners, combined with fishing of a very high intensity reduced the stocks to low abundance levels. Presently, after years of no direct fishing effort, there are small signs of a population increase but it will still take a substantially long time for the species to regain it’s former ...
Applied Community Ecology
... • Of course, species are modeled individually and do not take into account any of the biotic interactions that are so important ...
... • Of course, species are modeled individually and do not take into account any of the biotic interactions that are so important ...
Sources of mortality and associated life-cycle traits of
... (ii) sources of mortality: burial/wash-out, temperature, predation, plankton blooms/eutrophication, trawl/dredge effects, pollution and other. This was to avoid any pre-disposition to rank them according to, for example, their nutritive, conservation or nuisance status. Inevitably, however, ...
... (ii) sources of mortality: burial/wash-out, temperature, predation, plankton blooms/eutrophication, trawl/dredge effects, pollution and other. This was to avoid any pre-disposition to rank them according to, for example, their nutritive, conservation or nuisance status. Inevitably, however, ...
The tortoise and the hare: ecology of angiosperm
... system of major veins permits a much greater diversity of leaf shapes and sizes and greater leaf area per unit carbon expended than those seen in gymnosperms (Doyle & Hickey, 1976). Leaf size, shape and texture in gymnosperms, in contrast, reflect the inability of the transport system to supply rapi ...
... system of major veins permits a much greater diversity of leaf shapes and sizes and greater leaf area per unit carbon expended than those seen in gymnosperms (Doyle & Hickey, 1976). Leaf size, shape and texture in gymnosperms, in contrast, reflect the inability of the transport system to supply rapi ...
Natural Disasters and Primate Populations: The Effects of a 2
... such as adult and infant mortality rates, birth rates, life spans, migration patterns, home range stability, and population variability over several years (Dunbar, 1980, 1986; Glander, 1980; Isbell, 1990; Richard et al., 1991; Sussman, 1991; Strier, 1993; Wright, 1995; Fedigan and Rose, 1995; Jolly ...
... such as adult and infant mortality rates, birth rates, life spans, migration patterns, home range stability, and population variability over several years (Dunbar, 1980, 1986; Glander, 1980; Isbell, 1990; Richard et al., 1991; Sussman, 1991; Strier, 1993; Wright, 1995; Fedigan and Rose, 1995; Jolly ...
Ecology of Herbivorous Arthropods in Urban Landscapes
... many plants receive no important damage. Increased fragmentation of habitats and reductions in patch size are often linked with urbanization (97) and can have important effects on herbivore communities. Lepidoptera respond to destruction and deterioration of habitats associated with urbanization, an ...
... many plants receive no important damage. Increased fragmentation of habitats and reductions in patch size are often linked with urbanization (97) and can have important effects on herbivore communities. Lepidoptera respond to destruction and deterioration of habitats associated with urbanization, an ...
Course Correlation to Virginia Standards of Learning Name of
... • use senses to observe nature. • identify the ecological features of the school or home neighborhood by creating an environmental scientific map. • design or follow a pre-designed experiment using one independent variable and a control. • keep accurate records of data and observations. Unit SOL's: ...
... • use senses to observe nature. • identify the ecological features of the school or home neighborhood by creating an environmental scientific map. • design or follow a pre-designed experiment using one independent variable and a control. • keep accurate records of data and observations. Unit SOL's: ...
Abstract Effects of Nutrient Availability and Disturbance on the
... contributes to community stability, but is not the driving force; therefore, if the community has more species that can impact a community in a positive manner, the community is more stable. Species diversity has important effects on ecosystem services, which are a set of ecosystem processes that a ...
... contributes to community stability, but is not the driving force; therefore, if the community has more species that can impact a community in a positive manner, the community is more stable. Species diversity has important effects on ecosystem services, which are a set of ecosystem processes that a ...
EUR 22550 EN
... The presentation generated an animated discussion. According to most participants, regardless of the type of agri-environmental measures or schemes, it is indeed necessary to state their clear goals. It should be avoided to use the general, broad term ‘biodiversity’ as it results in the lack of iden ...
... The presentation generated an animated discussion. According to most participants, regardless of the type of agri-environmental measures or schemes, it is indeed necessary to state their clear goals. It should be avoided to use the general, broad term ‘biodiversity’ as it results in the lack of iden ...
Biological carryover effects
... performing a function, and can occur over a range of different time-scales (Fig. 3). In statistical terms, ecological carryover effects, as a clinical carryover effects, occur when a measurable and statistically significant proportion of current variation is explained by a previous experience. The c ...
... performing a function, and can occur over a range of different time-scales (Fig. 3). In statistical terms, ecological carryover effects, as a clinical carryover effects, occur when a measurable and statistically significant proportion of current variation is explained by a previous experience. The c ...
Is the role of trophic control larger in a stressed ecosystem?
... Given that American data were reevaluated and interpreted in a Hungarian armchair, the author strongly hopes that the identification of trophic components wisely corresponds to functional groups and that flow data were correctly collected. However, many systematic problems of data quality and simpli ...
... Given that American data were reevaluated and interpreted in a Hungarian armchair, the author strongly hopes that the identification of trophic components wisely corresponds to functional groups and that flow data were correctly collected. However, many systematic problems of data quality and simpli ...
Section 5 Existing Terrestrial Environment
... A preliminary site investigation to determine and document potential contamination from current and past operations was conducted in the terrestrial disturbance envelope. This investigation concluded that there was a low risk of encountering soil or groundwater contamination within the disturbance e ...
... A preliminary site investigation to determine and document potential contamination from current and past operations was conducted in the terrestrial disturbance envelope. This investigation concluded that there was a low risk of encountering soil or groundwater contamination within the disturbance e ...
Biological stoichiometry of plant production: metabolism, scaling and
... of taxa differing in some kind of taxon- and ⁄ or size-dependent C : N : P stoichiometric signature. Classic data for the green alga Scenedesmus (Rhee, 1978) show a complete lack of stoichiometric homeostasis (H = 1) across the range of N : P ratios supplied (Sterner & Elser, 2002). Recognizing that ...
... of taxa differing in some kind of taxon- and ⁄ or size-dependent C : N : P stoichiometric signature. Classic data for the green alga Scenedesmus (Rhee, 1978) show a complete lack of stoichiometric homeostasis (H = 1) across the range of N : P ratios supplied (Sterner & Elser, 2002). Recognizing that ...
Relationships between body size and abundance in ecology
... pattern (N / Msp ) holding locally only as an upper bound; however, exploration of this possibility has produced equivocal results [8,16,17]. An alternative hypothesis posits that LSDRs differ from GSDRs because LSDRs typically examine a smaller range of body sizes [7,39,40]. Observing a small porti ...
... pattern (N / Msp ) holding locally only as an upper bound; however, exploration of this possibility has produced equivocal results [8,16,17]. An alternative hypothesis posits that LSDRs differ from GSDRs because LSDRs typically examine a smaller range of body sizes [7,39,40]. Observing a small porti ...
Organisms and food webs in rock pools
... Differential susceptibility of organisms and populations to environmental stress influences the outcome of biological interactions and the structure of communities and ecosystems. In this thesis, the effects of environmental stress on organism, population and community levels were studied. ‘Die phys ...
... Differential susceptibility of organisms and populations to environmental stress influences the outcome of biological interactions and the structure of communities and ecosystems. In this thesis, the effects of environmental stress on organism, population and community levels were studied. ‘Die phys ...
The spatial scaling of habitat selection by African elephants
... chosen arbitrarily with no biological connection to the system of study (Wheatley & Johnson 2009), and the number of ambit radii used, if any, is often limited (but see Pinto & Keitt 2008; Schmidt et al. 2008). When better understanding the scale at which environmental context influences habitat sele ...
... chosen arbitrarily with no biological connection to the system of study (Wheatley & Johnson 2009), and the number of ambit radii used, if any, is often limited (but see Pinto & Keitt 2008; Schmidt et al. 2008). When better understanding the scale at which environmental context influences habitat sele ...
Here - NorMER
... doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0750 Relevance: We found that the spatial pattern of larvae changed over the two climate periods, being more upstream in low North Atlantic Oscillation years. We also demonstrate that spawning distribution and ocean circulation are the main factors shaping this distribution, wh ...
... doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0750 Relevance: We found that the spatial pattern of larvae changed over the two climate periods, being more upstream in low North Atlantic Oscillation years. We also demonstrate that spawning distribution and ocean circulation are the main factors shaping this distribution, wh ...
The Role of Waterlogging in Maintaining Forb
... Research, Incorporated, Beverly, Massachusetts, USA). Data were analyzed for each year using repeated-measures ANOVA with site and treatment (drained or not drained) as main factors, and month of sample as the repeated measure. RESULTS ...
... Research, Incorporated, Beverly, Massachusetts, USA). Data were analyzed for each year using repeated-measures ANOVA with site and treatment (drained or not drained) as main factors, and month of sample as the repeated measure. RESULTS ...
impacts of invasive stream salmonids on native fish: using meta
... for the native species, the value of a response variable was lower in sympatric than allopatric situations, indicating a negative impact of the alien species on the native one. However, as there was generally no means of deciding a priori whether a certain habitat shift was harmful to a native speci ...
... for the native species, the value of a response variable was lower in sympatric than allopatric situations, indicating a negative impact of the alien species on the native one. However, as there was generally no means of deciding a priori whether a certain habitat shift was harmful to a native speci ...
An assessment of the relative importance of Wildlife Management Areas... the conservation of grassland songbirds in south-western Manitoba
... management within WMAs and the increase amount of woody vegetation within those areas was associated with this pattern. Obligate grassland birds were strongly affected by management practices. Grazing management was the land use that supported the highest number of species in the study area. Haying ...
... management within WMAs and the increase amount of woody vegetation within those areas was associated with this pattern. Obligate grassland birds were strongly affected by management practices. Grazing management was the land use that supported the highest number of species in the study area. Haying ...
Get cached PDF
... It is generally believed that insect outbreaks more frequently occur in managed systems, such as forest plantations and crop fields, than in natural and more diverse systems (Elton 1958; Pimentel 1961; Risch 1987; Altieri 1991). It has therefore been proposed that diverse communities, with many inte ...
... It is generally believed that insect outbreaks more frequently occur in managed systems, such as forest plantations and crop fields, than in natural and more diverse systems (Elton 1958; Pimentel 1961; Risch 1987; Altieri 1991). It has therefore been proposed that diverse communities, with many inte ...
Chap. 7: Effect of habitat and predator exclusion on larval parasitism
... and Pienkowski 1978, Morrison and Strong 1981, Ang and Kok 1995). Exclusion experiments make it possible to assess the quantitative impact of different mortality factors. Quantitative studies using predator exclusion techniques have been conducted only in temperate climates until Memmott et al. (199 ...
... and Pienkowski 1978, Morrison and Strong 1981, Ang and Kok 1995). Exclusion experiments make it possible to assess the quantitative impact of different mortality factors. Quantitative studies using predator exclusion techniques have been conducted only in temperate climates until Memmott et al. (199 ...
Download, PDF, 2.2 mb - Water`s Journey: Everglades
... Spartina sp., known commonly as cordgrass, is wide-ranging. A true halophyte (salt lover), it concentrates salts in its roots so that the concentration exceeds that of seawater. This causes water to diffuse into the roots instead of out. Salt glands on the leaves and stem excrete excess salt. ...
... Spartina sp., known commonly as cordgrass, is wide-ranging. A true halophyte (salt lover), it concentrates salts in its roots so that the concentration exceeds that of seawater. This causes water to diffuse into the roots instead of out. Salt glands on the leaves and stem excrete excess salt. ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.