Co-declining mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological
... after human colonization was largely successful in maintaining endemic dung beetle communities on the Iberian Peninsula (Verdu and Galante 2002). However, changes in traditional grazing regimes have led to recent declines in several dung beetle species in the region (Lumaret and Kirk 1991, Carpaneto ...
... after human colonization was largely successful in maintaining endemic dung beetle communities on the Iberian Peninsula (Verdu and Galante 2002). However, changes in traditional grazing regimes have led to recent declines in several dung beetle species in the region (Lumaret and Kirk 1991, Carpaneto ...
Energy budget and ecological role of mangrove epibenthos in the
... ABSTRACT: Epibenthic community structure, somatic production and energy flow were studied in the Caeté mangrove estuary in North Brazil on for 3 representative strata: high intertidal forest (F), small creeks in the forest (SC) and open mudbanks of large intertidal creeks (LC). Seven decapod crustac ...
... ABSTRACT: Epibenthic community structure, somatic production and energy flow were studied in the Caeté mangrove estuary in North Brazil on for 3 representative strata: high intertidal forest (F), small creeks in the forest (SC) and open mudbanks of large intertidal creeks (LC). Seven decapod crustac ...
Co-declining mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological
... after human colonization was largely successful in maintaining endemic dung beetle communities on the Iberian Peninsula (Verdu and Galante 2002). However, changes in traditional grazing regimes have led to recent declines in several dung beetle species in the region (Lumaret and Kirk 1991, Carpaneto ...
... after human colonization was largely successful in maintaining endemic dung beetle communities on the Iberian Peninsula (Verdu and Galante 2002). However, changes in traditional grazing regimes have led to recent declines in several dung beetle species in the region (Lumaret and Kirk 1991, Carpaneto ...
Intraspecific phytochemical variation shapes community and
... we used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to examine the genetic structure of one abundant caterpillar species, Eois encina, in relation to host phytochemical variation. We found substantive concentration differences among three major secondary metabolites, and these differences in chemistry pre ...
... we used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to examine the genetic structure of one abundant caterpillar species, Eois encina, in relation to host phytochemical variation. We found substantive concentration differences among three major secondary metabolites, and these differences in chemistry pre ...
A directory of wetlands in New Zealand
... catchment, the relatively intact nature of the swamp and its margins, and the high level of tidal flushing; the estuary almost completely empties each tidal cycle. The average tidal range is estimated at 3 m. Climatic data are not readily available, the nearest weather station being at Leigh, on the ...
... catchment, the relatively intact nature of the swamp and its margins, and the high level of tidal flushing; the estuary almost completely empties each tidal cycle. The average tidal range is estimated at 3 m. Climatic data are not readily available, the nearest weather station being at Leigh, on the ...
Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity
... mesopredators as well as population outbreaks of native mesopredators, creating secondary pest problems for commercial industries such as fisheries (Baum & Worm 2009) and threatening vulnerable prey species (Polis & Holt 1992). Mesopredator outbreaks have the potential to lead to extinction of some ...
... mesopredators as well as population outbreaks of native mesopredators, creating secondary pest problems for commercial industries such as fisheries (Baum & Worm 2009) and threatening vulnerable prey species (Polis & Holt 1992). Mesopredator outbreaks have the potential to lead to extinction of some ...
Effects of predatory ants on lower trophic levels across a gradient of
... (0·025)–0·08], and standardized arthropod data as number of individuals per g foliage (I.P., unpublished data). We sampled herbivore damage and coffee yields. We stratified coffee plants into three regions (top, middle and bottom of plants), and randomly selected one branch in each stratum to sample ...
... (0·025)–0·08], and standardized arthropod data as number of individuals per g foliage (I.P., unpublished data). We sampled herbivore damage and coffee yields. We stratified coffee plants into three regions (top, middle and bottom of plants), and randomly selected one branch in each stratum to sample ...
Habitat heterogeneity, biogenic disturbance, and
... promoting beta diversity and ultimately contributing to overall higher global diversity. The exact processes by which heterogeneity increases diversity are scale dependent and encompass variation in other well-known processes, e.g., productivity, disturbance, and temperature. Thus, habitat heterogen ...
... promoting beta diversity and ultimately contributing to overall higher global diversity. The exact processes by which heterogeneity increases diversity are scale dependent and encompass variation in other well-known processes, e.g., productivity, disturbance, and temperature. Thus, habitat heterogen ...
Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity
... mesopredators as well as population outbreaks of native mesopredators, creating secondary pest problems for commercial industries such as fisheries (Baum & Worm 2009) and threatening vulnerable prey species (Polis & Holt 1992). Mesopredator outbreaks have the potential to lead to extinction of some ...
... mesopredators as well as population outbreaks of native mesopredators, creating secondary pest problems for commercial industries such as fisheries (Baum & Worm 2009) and threatening vulnerable prey species (Polis & Holt 1992). Mesopredator outbreaks have the potential to lead to extinction of some ...
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... inland aquatic systems with an associated decline in the ecosystem services that they can offer. The rate at which the form and function of inland waters are being modified is increasing as populations expand and their economic development grows. A global overview of dam-based impacts on large river ...
... inland aquatic systems with an associated decline in the ecosystem services that they can offer. The rate at which the form and function of inland waters are being modified is increasing as populations expand and their economic development grows. A global overview of dam-based impacts on large river ...
The Diverse Impacts of Nonnative Species on Amphibians
... being documented. Increasingly, studies are delineating the mechanisms that determine whether amphibians will be eliminated with the appearance of nonnative species or whether they will maintain some level of coexistence. What effect nonnative species may have on amphibians can depend heavily on evo ...
... being documented. Increasingly, studies are delineating the mechanisms that determine whether amphibians will be eliminated with the appearance of nonnative species or whether they will maintain some level of coexistence. What effect nonnative species may have on amphibians can depend heavily on evo ...
Shifting species interactions in terrestrial dryland ecosystems
... Species interactions play key roles in linking the responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. For instance, species interactions are an important determinant of the complexity of changes in trophic biomass with variation in resources. Water resources are a major d ...
... Species interactions play key roles in linking the responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. For instance, species interactions are an important determinant of the complexity of changes in trophic biomass with variation in resources. Water resources are a major d ...
Seed Germination and Seedling Survival of two endemic (Eryngium
... Florida scrub is key to preserving biodiversity. Florida scrub is found on well-drained sandy soils with locally elevated topography, conditions also desirable for human development. Scrubland in Florida has drastically declined with anthropogenic activity, emphasizing the urgency of its preservatio ...
... Florida scrub is key to preserving biodiversity. Florida scrub is found on well-drained sandy soils with locally elevated topography, conditions also desirable for human development. Scrubland in Florida has drastically declined with anthropogenic activity, emphasizing the urgency of its preservatio ...
Abrupt community change on a rocky shore – biological
... Niño event, and was fully expressed by early 1998 when per cent cover in spring reached a 20 year low. The spike in Hedophyllum per cent cover in 1999–2000 is an artefact of the cover estimation procedure. Mussels outcompete all adjacent species (Paine 1974, 1984), but the process takes time and wh ...
... Niño event, and was fully expressed by early 1998 when per cent cover in spring reached a 20 year low. The spike in Hedophyllum per cent cover in 1999–2000 is an artefact of the cover estimation procedure. Mussels outcompete all adjacent species (Paine 1974, 1984), but the process takes time and wh ...
Salt marsh harvest mouse abundance and site use in a managed
... & Zolan, 1976). Roads, levees, urban development, and non-native vegetation have replaced upland edges and transition zones, negatively affecting animals that rely on these areas for high-tide refuge. Hadaway and Newman (1971) found that SMHM were trapped on levees in higher numbers when the marsh w ...
... & Zolan, 1976). Roads, levees, urban development, and non-native vegetation have replaced upland edges and transition zones, negatively affecting animals that rely on these areas for high-tide refuge. Hadaway and Newman (1971) found that SMHM were trapped on levees in higher numbers when the marsh w ...
Wildlife Management Course Outline
... 1. Explain the role of hunting as a management tool 2. Summarize the role of harvest regulations in managing wildlife populations 3. Compare and contrast the official position of various groups and organizations on regulated hunting as a wildlife management tool 4. Discuss the role of hunting as a r ...
... 1. Explain the role of hunting as a management tool 2. Summarize the role of harvest regulations in managing wildlife populations 3. Compare and contrast the official position of various groups and organizations on regulated hunting as a wildlife management tool 4. Discuss the role of hunting as a r ...
Allee Effects
... average absolute individual fitness and population size over a finite interval. When Allee effects are strong, a critical size occurs where the growth function dx/dt=f(x) intersects the horizontal line at zero (panel a, red arrow). This is an unstable equilibrium. Populations with abundance greater ...
... average absolute individual fitness and population size over a finite interval. When Allee effects are strong, a critical size occurs where the growth function dx/dt=f(x) intersects the horizontal line at zero (panel a, red arrow). This is an unstable equilibrium. Populations with abundance greater ...
Impacts of Insect Herbivory and Nitrogen Eutrophication on
... ecosystems worldwide. Species interactions, for example between plants and herbivores, are likely to mediate the grassland’s response to increased N availability. However, attempts to investigate how herbivores might modify ecosystem-level N impacts have so far focused near-exclusively on the aboveg ...
... ecosystems worldwide. Species interactions, for example between plants and herbivores, are likely to mediate the grassland’s response to increased N availability. However, attempts to investigate how herbivores might modify ecosystem-level N impacts have so far focused near-exclusively on the aboveg ...
Across ecosystem comparisons of size structure: methods
... Figure 1. Schematic representation of the conceptual framework for investigating variation in the size structure of ecosystems. Size structure is manifested in allometries at multiple levels of ecological complexity, from (a) individuals, (b) populations and assemblages, (c) pair-wise interactions, ...
... Figure 1. Schematic representation of the conceptual framework for investigating variation in the size structure of ecosystems. Size structure is manifested in allometries at multiple levels of ecological complexity, from (a) individuals, (b) populations and assemblages, (c) pair-wise interactions, ...
Comparing aquatic and terrestrial grazing ecosystems: is the grass
... terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats to identify areas where cross-fertilization of ideas could be productive in facilitating the study of these herbivore-dominated systems. There is a long history of comparing general ecological processes across wet and dry ecosystems (Strong 1992, Pace et ...
... terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats to identify areas where cross-fertilization of ideas could be productive in facilitating the study of these herbivore-dominated systems. There is a long history of comparing general ecological processes across wet and dry ecosystems (Strong 1992, Pace et ...
2. Marine Biodiversity and species of conservation concern
... 12,046 marine species are reported to occur in the Caribbean Sea, which includes representatives from 31 animal phyla, two plant phyla, one group of Chromista, and three groups of Protoctista (Miloslavich et al 2010)7. The most characteristic ecosystems in the Caribbean are coral reefs covering abou ...
... 12,046 marine species are reported to occur in the Caribbean Sea, which includes representatives from 31 animal phyla, two plant phyla, one group of Chromista, and three groups of Protoctista (Miloslavich et al 2010)7. The most characteristic ecosystems in the Caribbean are coral reefs covering abou ...
Direct and Indirect Ecosystem Effects of Evolutionary
... in a target species are largely restricted to direct pathways, those effects will have a limited scope on community structure and ecosystem processes. Alternatively, if they propagate through the web of indirect ecological interactions, they can have more profound and global effects on community dyn ...
... in a target species are largely restricted to direct pathways, those effects will have a limited scope on community structure and ecosystem processes. Alternatively, if they propagate through the web of indirect ecological interactions, they can have more profound and global effects on community dyn ...
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... causing and maintaining ecological patterns in intertidal habitats has been the role of competition for resources of food and space (reviews by Branch, 1984; Underwood, 1986a, 1992a). Two-dimensional space is a resource required by almost all intertidal species, either directly as an absolute need ( ...
... causing and maintaining ecological patterns in intertidal habitats has been the role of competition for resources of food and space (reviews by Branch, 1984; Underwood, 1986a, 1992a). Two-dimensional space is a resource required by almost all intertidal species, either directly as an absolute need ( ...
Aims and actions
... bank (when the river is less than bank full) are therefore part of NSW and managed by the NSW Department of Lands. A river bend on Ulupna Island, which was formed by a natural alteration of the Murray's course, is also in NSW and managed by the NSW Forestry Commission (Figure 1). Across the river in ...
... bank (when the river is less than bank full) are therefore part of NSW and managed by the NSW Department of Lands. A river bend on Ulupna Island, which was formed by a natural alteration of the Murray's course, is also in NSW and managed by the NSW Forestry Commission (Figure 1). Across the river in ...
reviews - Gary Bucciarelli
... being documented. Increasingly, studies are delineating the mechanisms that determine whether amphibians will be eliminated with the appearance of nonnative species or whether they will maintain some level of coexistence. What effect nonnative species may have on amphibians can depend heavily on evo ...
... being documented. Increasingly, studies are delineating the mechanisms that determine whether amphibians will be eliminated with the appearance of nonnative species or whether they will maintain some level of coexistence. What effect nonnative species may have on amphibians can depend heavily on evo ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.