WWF Mediterrâneo (Portugal)
... biodiversity and the increase of gas emissions that cause the greenhouse effect. It is estimated that 20% of gas emissions responsible for the greenhouse effect around the world, result in deforestation and deterioration of forests, which have reached a rate of 13 million hectares per year, (the equ ...
... biodiversity and the increase of gas emissions that cause the greenhouse effect. It is estimated that 20% of gas emissions responsible for the greenhouse effect around the world, result in deforestation and deterioration of forests, which have reached a rate of 13 million hectares per year, (the equ ...
The Rise of the Mesopredator
... are relaxed, as they most commonly are in fragmented landscapes, the setting is ideal for the explosive growth of mesopredator populations. A fundamental challenge in demonstrating mesopredator release is ruling out alternative explanations for mesopredator overabundance, such as the habitat changes ...
... are relaxed, as they most commonly are in fragmented landscapes, the setting is ideal for the explosive growth of mesopredator populations. A fundamental challenge in demonstrating mesopredator release is ruling out alternative explanations for mesopredator overabundance, such as the habitat changes ...
Effects of Siltation, Temperature and Salinity on Mangrove Plants
... Sedimentation Deposition effect on growth of plants: Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained, and come to rest against a barrier. Sedimentation is natural, slow process of settling out suspended solids in water towards the subs ...
... Sedimentation Deposition effect on growth of plants: Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained, and come to rest against a barrier. Sedimentation is natural, slow process of settling out suspended solids in water towards the subs ...
Considerations for Identification of Effective Area
... managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes.” Canada’s National Biodiversity Target 1 which falls under Goal A (Table 2) states: “By 2020, at least 17 pe ...
... managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes.” Canada’s National Biodiversity Target 1 which falls under Goal A (Table 2) states: “By 2020, at least 17 pe ...
A landscape approach to grassland bird
... mosaic of vegetation that varies in structure and composition will increase bird diversity. Model validation showed that planning maps can be used reliably (r2 ≥ 0.90) to establish a regional conservation strategy. I used spatially-explicit maps to identify five landscapes capable of attracting the ...
... mosaic of vegetation that varies in structure and composition will increase bird diversity. Model validation showed that planning maps can be used reliably (r2 ≥ 0.90) to establish a regional conservation strategy. I used spatially-explicit maps to identify five landscapes capable of attracting the ...
When are alternative stable states more likely to occur?
... between environmental adversity and frequency of alternative stable states, and would not account for the paucity of empirical examples of alternative stable states in competitively-structured systems. We do, however, strongly disagree with Fukami and Lee (2006) in their contention that it ‘‘has alr ...
... between environmental adversity and frequency of alternative stable states, and would not account for the paucity of empirical examples of alternative stable states in competitively-structured systems. We do, however, strongly disagree with Fukami and Lee (2006) in their contention that it ‘‘has alr ...
Taiga - s3.amazonaws.com
... • The caribou is the only deer in which both sexes have antlers, although those of the female are smaller.The antlers are unique in that the lowest, forward-pointing tine is itself branched. • Females are gregarious and gather in herds with their young, but adult males are often solitary. In autumn, ...
... • The caribou is the only deer in which both sexes have antlers, although those of the female are smaller.The antlers are unique in that the lowest, forward-pointing tine is itself branched. • Females are gregarious and gather in herds with their young, but adult males are often solitary. In autumn, ...
Bog Turtle Business Plan - National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
... Such sites may be occupied by bog turtles, but many of these may not be viable in their present condition. This represents a 21 percent decline in the number of occupied population analysis sites. Many of these habitats are declining in quality and are isolated from other areas of wetland habitat or ...
... Such sites may be occupied by bog turtles, but many of these may not be viable in their present condition. This represents a 21 percent decline in the number of occupied population analysis sites. Many of these habitats are declining in quality and are isolated from other areas of wetland habitat or ...
Effects of local and regional drivers on plant diversity within tundra
... The thesis comprises three separate, but closely related studies. Firstly, to achieve comparability between studies, different methods of defining habitats for diversity assessments were evaluated. The results highlighted the importance of defining habitats explicitly. Alpha and beta diversity were ...
... The thesis comprises three separate, but closely related studies. Firstly, to achieve comparability between studies, different methods of defining habitats for diversity assessments were evaluated. The results highlighted the importance of defining habitats explicitly. Alpha and beta diversity were ...
Habitat displacement effect between two competing owl species in
... Foothills). Inventory of owls in different years should not influence results, as the distribution of owls in some parts of both areas has been inventoried several times since 1995 (Foothills) and 2000 (Uplands), and most territories were found to be constant through time (Kajtoch 2006; Turzański 2 ...
... Foothills). Inventory of owls in different years should not influence results, as the distribution of owls in some parts of both areas has been inventoried several times since 1995 (Foothills) and 2000 (Uplands), and most territories were found to be constant through time (Kajtoch 2006; Turzański 2 ...
Passerine Relationships with Habitat Heterogeneity and Grazing at Multiple Scales
... or have focused on the effects of grazing on either vegetation or bird diversity, but few have considered how all of these variables interact. Moreover, most studies have been conducted within intensely managed or small-scale (<100-ha) pastures, yet commercial pastures in southern Alberta and Saskat ...
... or have focused on the effects of grazing on either vegetation or bird diversity, but few have considered how all of these variables interact. Moreover, most studies have been conducted within intensely managed or small-scale (<100-ha) pastures, yet commercial pastures in southern Alberta and Saskat ...
Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple
... and negative feedbacks operating at different rates or spatial scales can reproduce many of the regular patterns found in natural systems (151). However, the appeal of universal explanations must be tempered by recognition that myriad processes operate simultaneously in complex systems, more than on ...
... and negative feedbacks operating at different rates or spatial scales can reproduce many of the regular patterns found in natural systems (151). However, the appeal of universal explanations must be tempered by recognition that myriad processes operate simultaneously in complex systems, more than on ...
Competition in lichen communities
... transplanted to north and south-facing rock surfaces was studied in north Wales by Armstrong (1977). The growth of Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh. Ex Ach.) Ach. and Physcia orbicularis (Neck.) Poetsch. was significantly reduced when transplanted to north-facing surfaces compared with southfacing surfaces ...
... transplanted to north and south-facing rock surfaces was studied in north Wales by Armstrong (1977). The growth of Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh. Ex Ach.) Ach. and Physcia orbicularis (Neck.) Poetsch. was significantly reduced when transplanted to north-facing surfaces compared with southfacing surfaces ...
Does plant trait plasticity explain the relative competitive ability of
... in order to increase the production (Güsewell, 2004). Plant species which are N-‐ limited obtain maximal production by increasing N supply, while for P-‐limited species maximal production is obt ...
... in order to increase the production (Güsewell, 2004). Plant species which are N-‐ limited obtain maximal production by increasing N supply, while for P-‐limited species maximal production is obt ...
Evolution, ecology and biochronology of herbivore associations in
... in order to evaluate the main shift in body size distributions, among European and African species respectively. As a result, the use of body size classing allows us to round up the taxa and facilitate the comparisons. The evolution of body mass structure was considered separately according to famil ...
... in order to evaluate the main shift in body size distributions, among European and African species respectively. As a result, the use of body size classing allows us to round up the taxa and facilitate the comparisons. The evolution of body mass structure was considered separately according to famil ...
Genetic consequences of ecological reserve design guidelines: An
... include examples of the range of vegetation types (e.g., Scott et al. 1993) or landscape features (Poiani et al. 2000) in an area in order to have a high probability of representing the largest range of taxa, while efforts focused on species richness include at least one occurrence of each species o ...
... include examples of the range of vegetation types (e.g., Scott et al. 1993) or landscape features (Poiani et al. 2000) in an area in order to have a high probability of representing the largest range of taxa, while efforts focused on species richness include at least one occurrence of each species o ...
Predators drive community structure in coral reef fish assemblages
... fishing areas, and open fishing areas. The density and biomass of predators varied consistently among zones at each location. Furthermore, we found strong evidence for prey release at all four locations, resulting in distinct fish assemblages amongst zones. Reefs open to fishing had much lower densi ...
... fishing areas, and open fishing areas. The density and biomass of predators varied consistently among zones at each location. Furthermore, we found strong evidence for prey release at all four locations, resulting in distinct fish assemblages amongst zones. Reefs open to fishing had much lower densi ...
Interactions among mycorrhizae, atmospheric CO R E P O R T
... CO2 they increased it. This was caused by changes in mortality rates of several C3 forbs and may suggest that CO2 enrichment ameliorates the carbon cost of some AM symbioses. Soil moisture was higher in +CO2 mesocosms but +AM counteracted this effect. These results suggest that AM symbioses may be i ...
... CO2 they increased it. This was caused by changes in mortality rates of several C3 forbs and may suggest that CO2 enrichment ameliorates the carbon cost of some AM symbioses. Soil moisture was higher in +CO2 mesocosms but +AM counteracted this effect. These results suggest that AM symbioses may be i ...
Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do
... Gitlin et al., 2006). Such widespread mortality events can have long-term impacts on community dynamics and species interactions, and may feed back upon atmospheric CO2 and climate. Although many of the consequences of tree mortality are readily apparent, our current understanding of the causes of t ...
... Gitlin et al., 2006). Such widespread mortality events can have long-term impacts on community dynamics and species interactions, and may feed back upon atmospheric CO2 and climate. Although many of the consequences of tree mortality are readily apparent, our current understanding of the causes of t ...
Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
... community maintains the same level as that found on the mainland despite species loss following isolation. The conditions for “ecological release” (Crowell 1962) whereby depauperate communities can maintain constant total biomass have been worked out using competition theory for guilds of similar sp ...
... community maintains the same level as that found on the mainland despite species loss following isolation. The conditions for “ecological release” (Crowell 1962) whereby depauperate communities can maintain constant total biomass have been worked out using competition theory for guilds of similar sp ...
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
... • THE SMALLEST SCALE OF BIODIVERSITY • THE VARIATION IN GENETIC MAKEUP OF INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME SPECIES W/N A POPULATION OR GROUP OF POPULATIONS IN A GIVEN GEOGRAPHIC AREA ...
... • THE SMALLEST SCALE OF BIODIVERSITY • THE VARIATION IN GENETIC MAKEUP OF INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME SPECIES W/N A POPULATION OR GROUP OF POPULATIONS IN A GIVEN GEOGRAPHIC AREA ...
Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants Beverly Rathcke
... do not affect the seedling directly but are correlated with factors that do. For example, some desert seeds germinate in response to reduced soil salinity, which occurs only after heavy rains that ensure establishment. Seeds will not germinate after light rains, which may be followed by drought (97) ...
... do not affect the seedling directly but are correlated with factors that do. For example, some desert seeds germinate in response to reduced soil salinity, which occurs only after heavy rains that ensure establishment. Seeds will not germinate after light rains, which may be followed by drought (97) ...
Spruce Beetle Quick Guide
... Solar treatments also can be used to reduce spruce beetle populations in infested stands. These treatments involve felling infested trees and stacking logs in an area with full sun before covering them with clear plastic. Solar treatment of infested trees creates conditions unsuitable for survival o ...
... Solar treatments also can be used to reduce spruce beetle populations in infested stands. These treatments involve felling infested trees and stacking logs in an area with full sun before covering them with clear plastic. Solar treatment of infested trees creates conditions unsuitable for survival o ...
Establishing new populations 2011 September (accessible version)
... Barred Galaxias is a small freshwater fish endemic to upper headwater streams of the Goulburn River catchment, Victoria. It has a yellow-orange body colour with up to 10 black, vertical bars along the sides. They are relatively long-lived, have low fecundity and are slow growers. Barred Galaxias is ...
... Barred Galaxias is a small freshwater fish endemic to upper headwater streams of the Goulburn River catchment, Victoria. It has a yellow-orange body colour with up to 10 black, vertical bars along the sides. They are relatively long-lived, have low fecundity and are slow growers. Barred Galaxias is ...
Imperio et al 2012_Oikos
... deer population, while roe deer had an apparent positive effect on red deer and wild boar, possibly mediated by environmental factors. Nilgai appeared to facilitate all deer species. The results of the analysis also confirmed that at present climate appears to play a minor role with respect to densi ...
... deer population, while roe deer had an apparent positive effect on red deer and wild boar, possibly mediated by environmental factors. Nilgai appeared to facilitate all deer species. The results of the analysis also confirmed that at present climate appears to play a minor role with respect to densi ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.