Parasites, diversity and the ecosystem.
... workers describe as “an eruption”: wildebeest and buffalo increased dramatically, at a rate of about 10% per annum, so wildebeest numbers were up seven fold in 17 years and buffalo showed a parallel increase. There is a circumstantial evidence that this increase was a consequence of rinderpest sinc ...
... workers describe as “an eruption”: wildebeest and buffalo increased dramatically, at a rate of about 10% per annum, so wildebeest numbers were up seven fold in 17 years and buffalo showed a parallel increase. There is a circumstantial evidence that this increase was a consequence of rinderpest sinc ...
Why biodiversity is important to oceanography: potential roles of
... such as primary and higher-level production, carbon and nutrient cycling and sequestration, and trophic transfer, as well as the stability of these processes over time and in the face of environmental change. Previous research linking biodiversity to ecosystem functioning has focused primarily on sp ...
... such as primary and higher-level production, carbon and nutrient cycling and sequestration, and trophic transfer, as well as the stability of these processes over time and in the face of environmental change. Previous research linking biodiversity to ecosystem functioning has focused primarily on sp ...
ECOSYSTEM
... Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers. 12. What is the annual net primary productivity of whole biosphere? The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately 170 billion tons (dry weight) of organic matter. 13. What is ...
... Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers. 12. What is the annual net primary productivity of whole biosphere? The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately 170 billion tons (dry weight) of organic matter. 13. What is ...
climate change effects on vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire in
... Abstract. The objective of this study was to dynamically simulate the response of vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire to the historical climate and to two contrasting scenarios of climate change in California. The results of the simulations for the historical climate compared favorably to inde ...
... Abstract. The objective of this study was to dynamically simulate the response of vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire to the historical climate and to two contrasting scenarios of climate change in California. The results of the simulations for the historical climate compared favorably to inde ...
Beyond species loss: the extinction of ecological interactions in a
... next is faster or slower than species loss. Only when b = 1 is interaction loss proportional to species loss, thus, the amount of interaction loss proportionally contributed by species loss (directly proportional loss) may be dissected out from total interaction loss, that is for an L(x) function wi ...
... next is faster or slower than species loss. Only when b = 1 is interaction loss proportional to species loss, thus, the amount of interaction loss proportionally contributed by species loss (directly proportional loss) may be dissected out from total interaction loss, that is for an L(x) function wi ...
POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS Mark S. Boyce Journal Article
... Usually, conclusions from stochastid models in ecology are strikingly different from deterministic ones (26). Inis is generally true because of (i) large variances, (ii) nonlinear functions, and (iii) highly skewed or otherwise non-normally distributed variables. Thelbignificanceof high variance is ...
... Usually, conclusions from stochastid models in ecology are strikingly different from deterministic ones (26). Inis is generally true because of (i) large variances, (ii) nonlinear functions, and (iii) highly skewed or otherwise non-normally distributed variables. Thelbignificanceof high variance is ...
Beyond species loss: The extinction of ecological
... next is faster or slower than species loss. Only when b = 1 is interaction loss proportional to species loss, thus, the amount of interaction loss proportionally contributed by species loss (directly proportional loss) may be dissected out from total interaction loss, that is for an L(x) function wi ...
... next is faster or slower than species loss. Only when b = 1 is interaction loss proportional to species loss, thus, the amount of interaction loss proportionally contributed by species loss (directly proportional loss) may be dissected out from total interaction loss, that is for an L(x) function wi ...
Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes
... Plants of the Desert All desert plants have adaptations for obtaining and conserving water, which allows the plants to live in dry, desert conditions. Plants called succulents, such as cactuses, have thick, fleshy stems and leaves that store water. Their leaves also have a waxy coating that prevent ...
... Plants of the Desert All desert plants have adaptations for obtaining and conserving water, which allows the plants to live in dry, desert conditions. Plants called succulents, such as cactuses, have thick, fleshy stems and leaves that store water. Their leaves also have a waxy coating that prevent ...
Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes
... Plants of the Desert All desert plants have adaptations for obtaining and conserving water, which allows the plants to live in dry, desert conditions. Plants called succulents, such as cactuses, have thick, fleshy stems and leaves that store water. Their leaves also have a waxy coating that prevent ...
... Plants of the Desert All desert plants have adaptations for obtaining and conserving water, which allows the plants to live in dry, desert conditions. Plants called succulents, such as cactuses, have thick, fleshy stems and leaves that store water. Their leaves also have a waxy coating that prevent ...
Is nest predation on two endangered bird species higher in habitats
... the Texas ratsnake (Elaphe obsoleta), we test the hypothesis that birds nesting in habitats preferred by ratsnakes suffer higher nest predation than those nesting in non-preferred habitats. Ratsnakes did not use their habitat randomly, instead preferring locations with more structure and closer to c ...
... the Texas ratsnake (Elaphe obsoleta), we test the hypothesis that birds nesting in habitats preferred by ratsnakes suffer higher nest predation than those nesting in non-preferred habitats. Ratsnakes did not use their habitat randomly, instead preferring locations with more structure and closer to c ...
this PDF file - Florida Online Journals
... deter predation (Vulinec 1990), they may be especially vulnerable to collection due to the increased accessibility and the economic value associated with aposematism. When aggregations involve a large portion of the population for an extended time, their members become especially vulnerable to very ...
... deter predation (Vulinec 1990), they may be especially vulnerable to collection due to the increased accessibility and the economic value associated with aposematism. When aggregations involve a large portion of the population for an extended time, their members become especially vulnerable to very ...
First-order fire effects on animals: review and recommendations
... infer that the population persisted in an isolated habitat patch as a result of individuals that hatched from in situ eggs instead of re-colonization from surrounding populations. These insects appear to be adapted to dry season fire when they are in diapause. Fires applied during spring fires could ...
... infer that the population persisted in an isolated habitat patch as a result of individuals that hatched from in situ eggs instead of re-colonization from surrounding populations. These insects appear to be adapted to dry season fire when they are in diapause. Fires applied during spring fires could ...
Ensuring the long-term survival of the Endangered Western ringtail
... of the lower Collie River valley and the Perup Nature Reserve and surrounding forest blocks near Manjimup – viable groups also live in some parts of urban Busselton and the Federal Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) have recently declared a coastal strip between Bunb ...
... of the lower Collie River valley and the Perup Nature Reserve and surrounding forest blocks near Manjimup – viable groups also live in some parts of urban Busselton and the Federal Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) have recently declared a coastal strip between Bunb ...
Global Ecology
... function of dispersal constraints Ecological Pool – function of internal dynamics Community – what remains in face of biotic interactions ...
... function of dispersal constraints Ecological Pool – function of internal dynamics Community – what remains in face of biotic interactions ...
Hillebrand et al. 2008 Ecology - NCEAS
... communities and ecosystems are poorly investigated. Here we propose a framework guiding our understanding of how dominance affects species interactions within communities, processes within ecosystems, and dynamics on regional scales. Dominance (or the complementary term, evenness) reflects the distr ...
... communities and ecosystems are poorly investigated. Here we propose a framework guiding our understanding of how dominance affects species interactions within communities, processes within ecosystems, and dynamics on regional scales. Dominance (or the complementary term, evenness) reflects the distr ...
Non-optimal animal movement in human
... the small proportion of animals that are committed to movement may then move irrespective of boundaries encountered. Animals that evolved in patchy landscapes with low-risk matrix, or in landscapes with continuous or nearly-continuous habitat, should show the lowest boundary responses. In the former ...
... the small proportion of animals that are committed to movement may then move irrespective of boundaries encountered. Animals that evolved in patchy landscapes with low-risk matrix, or in landscapes with continuous or nearly-continuous habitat, should show the lowest boundary responses. In the former ...
Passive and Active Restoration Strategies to Activate Soil
... Land degradation in arid and semiarid lands increases as a result of soil misuse or mismanagement, which, together with climatic variations, may promote desertification and reduces soil productivity [1, 2]. In Colombia, 78.9% of dry lands show some degree of desertification, mainly due to soil erosi ...
... Land degradation in arid and semiarid lands increases as a result of soil misuse or mismanagement, which, together with climatic variations, may promote desertification and reduces soil productivity [1, 2]. In Colombia, 78.9% of dry lands show some degree of desertification, mainly due to soil erosi ...
BIOS 3010: Ecology 2. The effect of grazing herbivores: 3. The effect
... 6. Community structure and temporal variation in conditions: • Conditions constantly change in space and time: – They have a marked impact on ecological processes and hence on species composition of communities (Fig. 21.5). ...
... 6. Community structure and temporal variation in conditions: • Conditions constantly change in space and time: – They have a marked impact on ecological processes and hence on species composition of communities (Fig. 21.5). ...
Addendum To General Technical Report SE
... (red maple), Liriodendron tulipifera (yellow poplar), and Quercus rubra (red oak) that were planted in one of five understory treatments: removal of understory vegetation, trenched, trenched plus removal of understory vegetation, fertilization, and a control. Understory treatments were replicated in ...
... (red maple), Liriodendron tulipifera (yellow poplar), and Quercus rubra (red oak) that were planted in one of five understory treatments: removal of understory vegetation, trenched, trenched plus removal of understory vegetation, fertilization, and a control. Understory treatments were replicated in ...
The diversity–stability debate
... fairly regular waxing and waning of a population’s density). Such background population variability, whether driven by biotic or abiotic processes, can provide species with the opportunity to respond differentially to their environment. In turn, these differential species responses weaken the destru ...
... fairly regular waxing and waning of a population’s density). Such background population variability, whether driven by biotic or abiotic processes, can provide species with the opportunity to respond differentially to their environment. In turn, these differential species responses weaken the destru ...
Integrating Biosystematic Data into Conservation Planning
... about the use of a parcel of land based on the biological, environmental, and anthropogenic attributes of that parcel and its neighbors. Alternative systems of conservation areas are, in essence, hypotheses about effective ways of promoting the persistence of biodiversity. Invariably, these options ...
... about the use of a parcel of land based on the biological, environmental, and anthropogenic attributes of that parcel and its neighbors. Alternative systems of conservation areas are, in essence, hypotheses about effective ways of promoting the persistence of biodiversity. Invariably, these options ...
A succession of theories: purging redundancy from disturbance theory
... Disturbances such as fire, windstorms and floods can have major positive and negative impacts on both natural and human-modified ecosystems. In natural ecosystems, disturbances can alter the abundance and diversity of species, and influence nutrient and energy cycling, biomass accumulation, primary ...
... Disturbances such as fire, windstorms and floods can have major positive and negative impacts on both natural and human-modified ecosystems. In natural ecosystems, disturbances can alter the abundance and diversity of species, and influence nutrient and energy cycling, biomass accumulation, primary ...
Eccentric Endemics
... f Charles Darwin had travelled to the island of Madagascar rather than to the Galapagos, his journey would probably still have provoked the same thoughts on evolution. He would have noted first the striking absence of many species familiar to mainland Africa: no grazing antelope, giraffe or zebra, n ...
... f Charles Darwin had travelled to the island of Madagascar rather than to the Galapagos, his journey would probably still have provoked the same thoughts on evolution. He would have noted first the striking absence of many species familiar to mainland Africa: no grazing antelope, giraffe or zebra, n ...
natural resource management plan 2002 - 2007
... 3. Effective management will depend on the development of a comprehensive monitoring system. Nearly every aspect of natural resource management will require some type of field monitoring, whether it be monitoring of water quality, wetlands status, deer population or distribution of exotic species. S ...
... 3. Effective management will depend on the development of a comprehensive monitoring system. Nearly every aspect of natural resource management will require some type of field monitoring, whether it be monitoring of water quality, wetlands status, deer population or distribution of exotic species. S ...
Host-parasite interactions under extreme climatic conditions
... such changes are of great magnitude and short duration. We specifically explore the following three aspects of extreme changes on parasite-host associations (Fig. 1): (i) the possibility that environmental changes impact three main aspects that can affect the equilibrium of parasite-host relationshi ...
... such changes are of great magnitude and short duration. We specifically explore the following three aspects of extreme changes on parasite-host associations (Fig. 1): (i) the possibility that environmental changes impact three main aspects that can affect the equilibrium of parasite-host relationshi ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.