On the organization of ecosystems Veldhuis, Michiel
... between autotrophs that build organic molecules and decomposers breaking them down forms the basic structure of all ecosystems and is the generic motor on which all life on earth depends. Subsequently, we can extend this loop by adding an earthworm species (D) that consumes the litter and through fr ...
... between autotrophs that build organic molecules and decomposers breaking them down forms the basic structure of all ecosystems and is the generic motor on which all life on earth depends. Subsequently, we can extend this loop by adding an earthworm species (D) that consumes the litter and through fr ...
The Fading Call oF The Wild - International Fund for Animal Welfare
... wildlife and people. Not only would losing these species have drastic ecological and economic impacts, I believe their loss will impact us in ways we aren’t even able yet to articulate. These species aren’t disappearing due to natural processes, in fact, it’s quite the opposite. We are losing them d ...
... wildlife and people. Not only would losing these species have drastic ecological and economic impacts, I believe their loss will impact us in ways we aren’t even able yet to articulate. These species aren’t disappearing due to natural processes, in fact, it’s quite the opposite. We are losing them d ...
Integrating function across marine life cycles
... assumptions and predictions of life-history theory? Life-history theory comprises a set of models that address major lifetime transitions in the use or allocation of resources, including nutrients, energy, time, and space. Because complex life cycles involve discrete stages, one general and convenie ...
... assumptions and predictions of life-history theory? Life-history theory comprises a set of models that address major lifetime transitions in the use or allocation of resources, including nutrients, energy, time, and space. Because complex life cycles involve discrete stages, one general and convenie ...
Taiga forest biome - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... In the tropical rainforest the temperature does not change much all year (variation of around 2 °C). In the taiga the temperature is very variable: freezing cold winters and mild summers. The taiga is much drier than the tropical rainforest. While some rainforests receive 2000 mm of rain a year, som ...
... In the tropical rainforest the temperature does not change much all year (variation of around 2 °C). In the taiga the temperature is very variable: freezing cold winters and mild summers. The taiga is much drier than the tropical rainforest. While some rainforests receive 2000 mm of rain a year, som ...
Species diversity: from global decreases to local
... slightly larger areas with respect to animals), diversity is expected to have changed in very different ways within anthropogenic environments versus native ecosystems that are more or less intact. Within anthropogenic environments, such as parking lots, housing developments and agricultural fields, ...
... slightly larger areas with respect to animals), diversity is expected to have changed in very different ways within anthropogenic environments versus native ecosystems that are more or less intact. Within anthropogenic environments, such as parking lots, housing developments and agricultural fields, ...
Summary of Seahorse Population and Distribution Report on seahorse demographics and habitats
... Island, due south west of the port of Sihanoukville. The chosen site is known locally as the Corral and the surveys were commenced throughout June/July of 2011 and again in November/December of 2011, which were followed in August/September of 2012 and finally in October 2012, all of which is the sub ...
... Island, due south west of the port of Sihanoukville. The chosen site is known locally as the Corral and the surveys were commenced throughout June/July of 2011 and again in November/December of 2011, which were followed in August/September of 2012 and finally in October 2012, all of which is the sub ...
Direct and indirect bottom-up and top-down forces shape the
... Grutzner, & Platner 2008; Topping and Lövei 1997). Spiders are also preyed upon by a variety of natural enemies (Foelix 2010), but surprisingly the contribution of top-down processes to their regulation has rarely been assessed (e.g., Askenmo, von Broemssen, Eckman, & Jansson 1977; Spiller and Schoe ...
... Grutzner, & Platner 2008; Topping and Lövei 1997). Spiders are also preyed upon by a variety of natural enemies (Foelix 2010), but surprisingly the contribution of top-down processes to their regulation has rarely been assessed (e.g., Askenmo, von Broemssen, Eckman, & Jansson 1977; Spiller and Schoe ...
Facilitation contributes to Mediterranean woody plant diversity but
... Moreover, there have been few attempts to evaluate empirically how the competition–facilitation balance affects species diversity at the community level across stress gradients (Soliveres et al., 2011, 2012), with even fewer studies at macroecological scales (Cavieres et al., 2014). One clear connec ...
... Moreover, there have been few attempts to evaluate empirically how the competition–facilitation balance affects species diversity at the community level across stress gradients (Soliveres et al., 2011, 2012), with even fewer studies at macroecological scales (Cavieres et al., 2014). One clear connec ...
3 inland biodiversity
... frogs including; the endangered (assumed extinct locally) northern gastric brooder (Rheobatrachus vitellinus); Eungella day frog, Taudactylus eungellensis; and the rare tinker frog (Taudactylus liemi). It also provides important habitat for the vulnerable tusked frog (Adelotus brevis) and the rare w ...
... frogs including; the endangered (assumed extinct locally) northern gastric brooder (Rheobatrachus vitellinus); Eungella day frog, Taudactylus eungellensis; and the rare tinker frog (Taudactylus liemi). It also provides important habitat for the vulnerable tusked frog (Adelotus brevis) and the rare w ...
Part 5:Regional Shorebird Conservation Goals and Strategies
... framed within a landscape context. Except for the Arctic Plains/Mountains and Cook Inlet, where habitat for breeding shorebirds is being lost, most other shorebird habitats in Alaska remain relatively intact. The main threats to shorebirds in Alaska come from drilling, transport, and refining of oil ...
... framed within a landscape context. Except for the Arctic Plains/Mountains and Cook Inlet, where habitat for breeding shorebirds is being lost, most other shorebird habitats in Alaska remain relatively intact. The main threats to shorebirds in Alaska come from drilling, transport, and refining of oil ...
270-275 - University of Oklahoma
... second intermediate host (P. mexicana) can be caused by lower snail densities that may reduce the infection risk for fish, or the toxic H2S that may have a direct detrimental effect on free-living parasite stages (Fig. 1). Potentially, the difference in BSD prevalence between the surface habitats ma ...
... second intermediate host (P. mexicana) can be caused by lower snail densities that may reduce the infection risk for fish, or the toxic H2S that may have a direct detrimental effect on free-living parasite stages (Fig. 1). Potentially, the difference in BSD prevalence between the surface habitats ma ...
THE FIRST ALFRED NEWTON LECTURE Experiments on the
... or they could be held at a lower level by natural enemies, such as predators and parasites. In this paper, I review the experimental evidence for each of these limiting factors affecting bird breeding densities. Of 18 experiments involving winter food provision (mostly on tits, Paridae). 11 led to i ...
... or they could be held at a lower level by natural enemies, such as predators and parasites. In this paper, I review the experimental evidence for each of these limiting factors affecting bird breeding densities. Of 18 experiments involving winter food provision (mostly on tits, Paridae). 11 led to i ...
Similarity and difference in vegetation structure of three desert shrub
... stability. To explore the similarity in vegetation structure of shrub communities under the same temperate climate but with different microhabitats, 36, 28 and 13 sampling plots in Ephedra distachya, Seriphidium terrae-albae and Artemisia songarica communities were selected respectively, during the ...
... stability. To explore the similarity in vegetation structure of shrub communities under the same temperate climate but with different microhabitats, 36, 28 and 13 sampling plots in Ephedra distachya, Seriphidium terrae-albae and Artemisia songarica communities were selected respectively, during the ...
Biology
... Succession can occur in any ecosystem, even in the permanently dark, deep ocean. In 1987, scientists documented an unusual community of organisms living on the remains of a dead whale. The community illustrates the stages in the succession of a whale-fall community. Slide 30 of 39 End Show ...
... Succession can occur in any ecosystem, even in the permanently dark, deep ocean. In 1987, scientists documented an unusual community of organisms living on the remains of a dead whale. The community illustrates the stages in the succession of a whale-fall community. Slide 30 of 39 End Show ...
habitat connectivity for carnivores in mediterranean landscapes
... dispersal, and breeding) and the major contributions to the deadliest segment roads were road sinuosity, suitable habitat, and low human disturbance. This study documented the regular use by most carnivores (0.7 ind./crossing structure/day) except weasels, polecats and wildcats that appeared to avoi ...
... dispersal, and breeding) and the major contributions to the deadliest segment roads were road sinuosity, suitable habitat, and low human disturbance. This study documented the regular use by most carnivores (0.7 ind./crossing structure/day) except weasels, polecats and wildcats that appeared to avoi ...
Draft Predation Assessment Study Plan
... Quantifying Chinook salmon survival and bass predation through the project reach is fundamental to evaluating the SRP 9 project’s effectiveness in achieving its primary goal (i.e., increasing juvenile salmon outmigrant survival) and testing the validity of the conceptual models upon which the proje ...
... Quantifying Chinook salmon survival and bass predation through the project reach is fundamental to evaluating the SRP 9 project’s effectiveness in achieving its primary goal (i.e., increasing juvenile salmon outmigrant survival) and testing the validity of the conceptual models upon which the proje ...
Ecological Resilience, Biodiversity, and Scale
... more species-rich rainforests, at least in areas of about 1⁄3 ha (80 3 40 m) for 5 years (Ewel and others 1991). Naeem and coworkers (1994) assembled replicate artificial ecosystems at a number of levels of species richness. They demonstrated that carbon dioxide consumption, vegetative cover, and pr ...
... more species-rich rainforests, at least in areas of about 1⁄3 ha (80 3 40 m) for 5 years (Ewel and others 1991). Naeem and coworkers (1994) assembled replicate artificial ecosystems at a number of levels of species richness. They demonstrated that carbon dioxide consumption, vegetative cover, and pr ...
L E T T E R
... above, we also tested for the effects of plant diversity on the temporal stability in abundances of the total number of individuals in each plot, summed across all species within a trophic group. Dependent variables for total abundances were the same as in the analysis of individual populations. In ...
... above, we also tested for the effects of plant diversity on the temporal stability in abundances of the total number of individuals in each plot, summed across all species within a trophic group. Dependent variables for total abundances were the same as in the analysis of individual populations. In ...
Soil macrofauna (invertebrates) of
... plains, particularly, on the Sub-Ural and the Turgay Plateau. But, most of them have been lost because they were plowed up during the Virgin Land campaign in the second part of 20th century. This paper presents a detailed study of the faunistic composition and the structure of soil-dwelling inverteb ...
... plains, particularly, on the Sub-Ural and the Turgay Plateau. But, most of them have been lost because they were plowed up during the Virgin Land campaign in the second part of 20th century. This paper presents a detailed study of the faunistic composition and the structure of soil-dwelling inverteb ...
Danggali Wilderness Protection Area and Conservation Park
... Introduced animals pose a threat to the long-term survival of some native flora and fauna species found within the reserves. Threatened and declining bird and bat species may be particularly compromised by the impacts of predation and total grazing pressure. Feral goats (Capra hircus) and European r ...
... Introduced animals pose a threat to the long-term survival of some native flora and fauna species found within the reserves. Threatened and declining bird and bat species may be particularly compromised by the impacts of predation and total grazing pressure. Feral goats (Capra hircus) and European r ...
Conservation strategies for remnant turtle populations: the
... lowering of the ground water table, and introduced predators like foxes, dogs and cats. Thus, despite the protection afforded to their habitat, P. umbrina numbers declined from over 200 in the late 1960s to about 30 surviving wild individuals in the mid 1980s (BURBIDGE & KUCHLING 1994). The major de ...
... lowering of the ground water table, and introduced predators like foxes, dogs and cats. Thus, despite the protection afforded to their habitat, P. umbrina numbers declined from over 200 in the late 1960s to about 30 surviving wild individuals in the mid 1980s (BURBIDGE & KUCHLING 1994). The major de ...
Hedge against Climate Change
... predators, large herbivore life histories, and climate interact to influence ungulate population dynamics. More than 30 years ago, Eberhardt (1977) hypothesized that the vital rates of large vertebrates in different life-history stages change in a predictable sequence as density increases. Juvenile s ...
... predators, large herbivore life histories, and climate interact to influence ungulate population dynamics. More than 30 years ago, Eberhardt (1977) hypothesized that the vital rates of large vertebrates in different life-history stages change in a predictable sequence as density increases. Juvenile s ...
Predators indirectly protect tundra plants by reducing herbivore
... reference areas were selected such that the mainland and island vegetation was similar, one area was at the more productive end compared with islands and the other at the less productive end. Thus, one mainland locality was situated in a moist and nutrient-rich slope occupied by productive scrubland ...
... reference areas were selected such that the mainland and island vegetation was similar, one area was at the more productive end compared with islands and the other at the less productive end. Thus, one mainland locality was situated in a moist and nutrient-rich slope occupied by productive scrubland ...
Habitat Management Plan for the endangered Forty
... a. Two or more existing colonies with greater than 10 breeding birds. b. An existing colony with greater than 10 breeding birds. c. Two or more existing colonies with less than 10 breeding birds. d. An existing colony with less than 10 breeding birds. ...
... a. Two or more existing colonies with greater than 10 breeding birds. b. An existing colony with greater than 10 breeding birds. c. Two or more existing colonies with less than 10 breeding birds. d. An existing colony with less than 10 breeding birds. ...
animal mutualistic interactions
... and explain a conceptual framework for defining ecological effects in plant–animal mutualisms. We give recommendations for measuring interaction strength from data collected in field studies based on a proposed approach for the assessment of interaction strength in plant–animal mutualisms. This appr ...
... and explain a conceptual framework for defining ecological effects in plant–animal mutualisms. We give recommendations for measuring interaction strength from data collected in field studies based on a proposed approach for the assessment of interaction strength in plant–animal mutualisms. This appr ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.