Orchard Grass
... persisting in areas with as little as 250 mm of annual rainfall. Its ability to withstand drought is a result of its extensive root system. In dry areas, it may lay dormant during the summer and in the fall, add new growth and possibly flower again. It does not grow well on areas of high water table ...
... persisting in areas with as little as 250 mm of annual rainfall. Its ability to withstand drought is a result of its extensive root system. In dry areas, it may lay dormant during the summer and in the fall, add new growth and possibly flower again. It does not grow well on areas of high water table ...
Introduction to Ecology PPT
... • Water absorbs light, thus in aquatic environments most photosynthesis occurs near the surface • In deserts, high light levels increase temperature and can stress plants and animals ...
... • Water absorbs light, thus in aquatic environments most photosynthesis occurs near the surface • In deserts, high light levels increase temperature and can stress plants and animals ...
Top-down and bottom-up diversity cascades in detrital vs. living food
... Apex predators and plant resources are both critical for maintaining diversity in biotic communities, but the indirect (ÔcascadingÕ) effects of top-down and bottom-up forces on diversity at different trophic levels are not well resolved in terrestrial systems. Manipulations of predators or resources ...
... Apex predators and plant resources are both critical for maintaining diversity in biotic communities, but the indirect (ÔcascadingÕ) effects of top-down and bottom-up forces on diversity at different trophic levels are not well resolved in terrestrial systems. Manipulations of predators or resources ...
- Sacramento - California State University
... Meester, 2003). Crustacean eggs in diapause can remain viable for years, and even centuries (Hairston et al., 1995; Cáceres, 1998; Frisch et al., 2014). The eggs hatch, or break diapause, when abiotic cues such as photoperiod, temperature, and salinity collectively signal favorable environmental con ...
... Meester, 2003). Crustacean eggs in diapause can remain viable for years, and even centuries (Hairston et al., 1995; Cáceres, 1998; Frisch et al., 2014). The eggs hatch, or break diapause, when abiotic cues such as photoperiod, temperature, and salinity collectively signal favorable environmental con ...
BIOL 4120 Principles of Ecology
... Ecology of group of individual organisms Population ecology is the study of how groups of individuals (the same species) grow (or shrink) and reproduce. Depending on the nature of the species, many factors (food availability, competition, ...
... Ecology of group of individual organisms Population ecology is the study of how groups of individuals (the same species) grow (or shrink) and reproduce. Depending on the nature of the species, many factors (food availability, competition, ...
EDGE EFFECT INTERACTIONS IN AN AFRICAN SAVANNA By
... Ecological edges and edge effects have become pivotal concepts in landscape ecology and conservation. Edges are ecological transition zones between adjacent environments. Species, communities and abiotic factors often respond strongly to edges, and such responses are broadly termed ‘edge effects’. N ...
... Ecological edges and edge effects have become pivotal concepts in landscape ecology and conservation. Edges are ecological transition zones between adjacent environments. Species, communities and abiotic factors often respond strongly to edges, and such responses are broadly termed ‘edge effects’. N ...
Experiments with the wild at the Oostvaardersplassen
... artificial environments. Laboratories establish clear spatial divisions between a controlled environment and worlds they purport to model; theoretically rendering laboratory research inconsequential to the world out there. They also police who can contribute to and contest the production of natural ...
... artificial environments. Laboratories establish clear spatial divisions between a controlled environment and worlds they purport to model; theoretically rendering laboratory research inconsequential to the world out there. They also police who can contribute to and contest the production of natural ...
Invertebrate assemblages of pools in aridland streams have high
... expected to reduce taxonomic and trait richness, species adapted to predictable seasonal fragmentation may be resistant to declining water levels until all surface water is lost. We used aquatic mesocosms to test two competing hypotheses of the relationship between richness and pool drying for arid- ...
... expected to reduce taxonomic and trait richness, species adapted to predictable seasonal fragmentation may be resistant to declining water levels until all surface water is lost. We used aquatic mesocosms to test two competing hypotheses of the relationship between richness and pool drying for arid- ...
Natural enemy interactions constrain pest control in complex
... Herbivory was higher, and resulting crop biomass lower, in plots surrounded by organic than by conventional management (Table 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. S2), but this factor did not impact pest densities. This result points to the presence of bottom-up effects through higher soil nitrogen availability near ...
... Herbivory was higher, and resulting crop biomass lower, in plots surrounded by organic than by conventional management (Table 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. S2), but this factor did not impact pest densities. This result points to the presence of bottom-up effects through higher soil nitrogen availability near ...
Local Ecological Communities
... open forest. Near the edges there is open woodland with grasses, weedy annuals, shrubs and a scattering of trees. In some parts there has been an invasion of exotic weeds, but in most areas, the vegetation resembles that of pre-European settlement. But as one moves from place to place, these changes ...
... open forest. Near the edges there is open woodland with grasses, weedy annuals, shrubs and a scattering of trees. In some parts there has been an invasion of exotic weeds, but in most areas, the vegetation resembles that of pre-European settlement. But as one moves from place to place, these changes ...
Mutualism: A Factor in Ecological Succession Through its Influence
... depends not upon modification of the environment by the previous community. but rather simply upon what species or individuals are first to expropriate the existing resources (Egler 1954). In both relay floristics and initial floristic composition. competition is considered to be very important. Emp ...
... depends not upon modification of the environment by the previous community. but rather simply upon what species or individuals are first to expropriate the existing resources (Egler 1954). In both relay floristics and initial floristic composition. competition is considered to be very important. Emp ...
Ecosystems and Biomes
... The ocean is home to a number of different ecosystems. Factors such as water temperature and the amount of sunlight determine what types of organisms can live in each zone. ...
... The ocean is home to a number of different ecosystems. Factors such as water temperature and the amount of sunlight determine what types of organisms can live in each zone. ...
Essential ecological insights for marine ecosystem
... Anybody who flies over the land sees a complex mosaic of landforms, weather phenomena, ecosystems, and human uses. But to a casual observer from a ship or airliner, the wavy ocean surface often seems homogeneous from horizon to horizon. That is misleading because the sea conceals its spatially hetero ...
... Anybody who flies over the land sees a complex mosaic of landforms, weather phenomena, ecosystems, and human uses. But to a casual observer from a ship or airliner, the wavy ocean surface often seems homogeneous from horizon to horizon. That is misleading because the sea conceals its spatially hetero ...
Appendix 3-5 Shiels Army annual report June 2007
... deployed during the trial period at KHI. At least 25% were removed within 7 days and three of the four species had over 60% fruit removed during the study. More species with a wider range of fruit and seed traits will be tested to determine which qualities are most attractive to rats. A better under ...
... deployed during the trial period at KHI. At least 25% were removed within 7 days and three of the four species had over 60% fruit removed during the study. More species with a wider range of fruit and seed traits will be tested to determine which qualities are most attractive to rats. A better under ...
Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?
... predators and examined how they shaped community structure as a result of their intimate association with their host. At that time, experimental data on host– pathogen interactions in the wild were limited, although reconstruction of data on rinderpest showed how the invasion of a pathogen could hav ...
... predators and examined how they shaped community structure as a result of their intimate association with their host. At that time, experimental data on host– pathogen interactions in the wild were limited, although reconstruction of data on rinderpest showed how the invasion of a pathogen could hav ...
Competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric
... Hughes et al. 1994; Stapp 1997). Large vertebrates, such as mammalian carnivores, are not appropriate for such manipulative approaches due to their high mobility, secretive habits, and low density. Consequently, few attempts to simultaneously evaluate the importance of interspecific competition and ...
... Hughes et al. 1994; Stapp 1997). Large vertebrates, such as mammalian carnivores, are not appropriate for such manipulative approaches due to their high mobility, secretive habits, and low density. Consequently, few attempts to simultaneously evaluate the importance of interspecific competition and ...
weed management programs in new south wales national parks
... New South Wales has an extensive system of conservation areas such as national parks, nature reserves and wilderness areas with a total area of approximately 4.3 million ha. Under the National Parks and Wildlife Act the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) has a statutory responsibility for th ...
... New South Wales has an extensive system of conservation areas such as national parks, nature reserves and wilderness areas with a total area of approximately 4.3 million ha. Under the National Parks and Wildlife Act the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) has a statutory responsibility for th ...
The niche, biogeography and species interactions
... with little or no consideration of the idea that distributions of organisms are influenced by factors such as habitat tolerances or species interactions. This is wellillustrated in the excellent and integrative textbook by Lomolino et al. [2], in which ecology goes largely unmentioned in the chapter ...
... with little or no consideration of the idea that distributions of organisms are influenced by factors such as habitat tolerances or species interactions. This is wellillustrated in the excellent and integrative textbook by Lomolino et al. [2], in which ecology goes largely unmentioned in the chapter ...
Singlespecies metapopulation dynamics
... demographic stochasticity is the main cause of extinctions in this species. In contrast, the exponent is only about 0.5 in the smallest species minutus, showing that persistence time increases roughly logarithmically with population size, which suggests an important role for environmental stochastic ...
... demographic stochasticity is the main cause of extinctions in this species. In contrast, the exponent is only about 0.5 in the smallest species minutus, showing that persistence time increases roughly logarithmically with population size, which suggests an important role for environmental stochastic ...
SUBMISSION on the
... coordinate planning between places covered by other conservation management strategies and plans”. ...
... coordinate planning between places covered by other conservation management strategies and plans”. ...
Life history
... In species without parental care… reproductive investment is measured as resources invested in propagules (eggs or seeds) Propagule size is a trade-off with number produced In plants, seed size is negatively correlated with number of seeds produced ...
... In species without parental care… reproductive investment is measured as resources invested in propagules (eggs or seeds) Propagule size is a trade-off with number produced In plants, seed size is negatively correlated with number of seeds produced ...
468-HBRC54 - Envirolink
... in spite of cat predation. The likelihood of successful reinvasion of these areas by native species following any cat control programme would depend on other factors such as the availability of suitable habitat. • The removal of cats from an area may lead to unexpected secondary effects such as chan ...
... in spite of cat predation. The likelihood of successful reinvasion of these areas by native species following any cat control programme would depend on other factors such as the availability of suitable habitat. • The removal of cats from an area may lead to unexpected secondary effects such as chan ...
Kyoto University Facilities throughout Japan
... The Yura-gawa River, which flows into the Japan Sea, has its riverhead in this area. The administrative office of AFRS is in Ashiu village. Although this village is only approximately 35 km by the linear distance or a 2-hour drive, from the center of Kyoto City, it is surrounded by unpopulated land. ...
... The Yura-gawa River, which flows into the Japan Sea, has its riverhead in this area. The administrative office of AFRS is in Ashiu village. Although this village is only approximately 35 km by the linear distance or a 2-hour drive, from the center of Kyoto City, it is surrounded by unpopulated land. ...
Reprinted - RERO DOC
... underlying processes behind observed patterns in network structure. Before going into the history and state-of-the-art of this research theme, it is first necessary to go through some definitions. Intraspecific interactions – interactions between members of the same species - are of course essential ...
... underlying processes behind observed patterns in network structure. Before going into the history and state-of-the-art of this research theme, it is first necessary to go through some definitions. Intraspecific interactions – interactions between members of the same species - are of course essential ...
GLOBAL CHANGE IMPACTS IN THE COLORADO ROCKIES BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AREA FINAL REPORT, 1999-2003
... Relevance to resource managers: As managers seek to restore fire to previously firesuppressed ecosystems, it is important to know the consequences of such actions. This study has shown that restoring fires would likely increase the density of small ponderosa pine trees, thereby increasing ladder fu ...
... Relevance to resource managers: As managers seek to restore fire to previously firesuppressed ecosystems, it is important to know the consequences of such actions. This study has shown that restoring fires would likely increase the density of small ponderosa pine trees, thereby increasing ladder fu ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.