empirical approaches to quantifying interaction intensity: competition
... synthesis of results across many studies. To date, such synthesis has largely been based on narrative reviews or counts of significant/nonsignificant effects (e.g., Connell 1983, Schoener 1983, Sih et al. 1985, Goldberg and Barton 1992, but see Gurevitch et al. 1992). Instead of these qualitative su ...
... synthesis of results across many studies. To date, such synthesis has largely been based on narrative reviews or counts of significant/nonsignificant effects (e.g., Connell 1983, Schoener 1983, Sih et al. 1985, Goldberg and Barton 1992, but see Gurevitch et al. 1992). Instead of these qualitative su ...
the economics of biodiversity
... loss of biodiversity affects human welfare as well as being lamentable for its own sake. Humans depend on natural systems to produce a wide variety of ecosystem goods and services, ranging from direct use of certain species for food or medicines to ecosystem functions that provide water purification ...
... loss of biodiversity affects human welfare as well as being lamentable for its own sake. Humans depend on natural systems to produce a wide variety of ecosystem goods and services, ranging from direct use of certain species for food or medicines to ecosystem functions that provide water purification ...
What does ecological modelling model? A proposed classification of
... ENMs calculated with presence/absence, presence and pseudoabsence, or presence-only data can be therefore considered representations of different realized niches. If we use a welldistributed dataset of true absences (including all absences from suitable habitats), the resulting ENMs approximates to ...
... ENMs calculated with presence/absence, presence and pseudoabsence, or presence-only data can be therefore considered representations of different realized niches. If we use a welldistributed dataset of true absences (including all absences from suitable habitats), the resulting ENMs approximates to ...
Neotropical Anachronisms: The Fruits the Gomphotheres Ate
... that segment of the habitat that would have been within reach of a variety of megafaunal trunks, tusks, snouts, tongues, and teeth, the missing megafauna must be considered. There are prominent members of the lowland forest flora of Costa Rica whose fruit and seed traits can best be explained by vie ...
... that segment of the habitat that would have been within reach of a variety of megafaunal trunks, tusks, snouts, tongues, and teeth, the missing megafauna must be considered. There are prominent members of the lowland forest flora of Costa Rica whose fruit and seed traits can best be explained by vie ...
1 PETITION TO LIST ONE SPECIES OF HAWAIIAN YELLOW
... disappeared. Hylaeus facilis was once widely distributed, but its range has decreased significantly and it is now restricted to only 3 known sites, as seen in the maps in Appendix 1 (Daly and Magnacca 2003, Magnacca 2005). One additional collection was made in 1967, but the collection site is unknow ...
... disappeared. Hylaeus facilis was once widely distributed, but its range has decreased significantly and it is now restricted to only 3 known sites, as seen in the maps in Appendix 1 (Daly and Magnacca 2003, Magnacca 2005). One additional collection was made in 1967, but the collection site is unknow ...
CONSERVATION GENETICS OF THE LARGEST CLUSTER OF
... habitat that supports virtually all tortoise populations has been reduced by .80% (Mushinsky et al., 2006). Much of the remaining habitat is isolated within an unsuitable intervening matrix of human development and other land uses (Auffenberg and Franz, 1982; McCoy et al., 2006; Mushinsky et al., 20 ...
... habitat that supports virtually all tortoise populations has been reduced by .80% (Mushinsky et al., 2006). Much of the remaining habitat is isolated within an unsuitable intervening matrix of human development and other land uses (Auffenberg and Franz, 1982; McCoy et al., 2006; Mushinsky et al., 20 ...
Diversity of Interactions: A Metric for Studies of Biodiversity
... food-web data illuminates a major problem facing current diversity research: accumulation of relevant empirical data lags far behind the plethora of mathematical, graphical, and verbal models in ecology (Dyer 2008). Thus, we cannot test hypothesized correlations between tropical diversity and variab ...
... food-web data illuminates a major problem facing current diversity research: accumulation of relevant empirical data lags far behind the plethora of mathematical, graphical, and verbal models in ecology (Dyer 2008). Thus, we cannot test hypothesized correlations between tropical diversity and variab ...
important considerations for the management of demersal fisheries
... salinities that are typical of near-shore conditions whereas high density stations of lemon sole were distinguished by greater depths, higher salinities and lower temperatures. In terms of sediment preferences, plaice appeared to prefer sediments with a high sand content and only small quantities of ...
... salinities that are typical of near-shore conditions whereas high density stations of lemon sole were distinguished by greater depths, higher salinities and lower temperatures. In terms of sediment preferences, plaice appeared to prefer sediments with a high sand content and only small quantities of ...
Oecologia - Florida State University
... appear frequently while existing short shoots produce additional blades or are broken off. For these reasons, the prearranged sample locations could not always be used. For disrupted blocks where the mimic remained, new short shoots and control sites were sought that met the above criteria and prese ...
... appear frequently while existing short shoots produce additional blades or are broken off. For these reasons, the prearranged sample locations could not always be used. For disrupted blocks where the mimic remained, new short shoots and control sites were sought that met the above criteria and prese ...
Use of unfertilised margins on intensively managed grassland by
... to ensure that there is a sufficient amount of tall grass with an open vegetation structure during the pre-fledging period (May to mid-June) in which chicks can feed and find cover (Schekkerman & Beintema 2007, Schekkerman & Müskens 2000, Oosterveld unpubl. data). Redshanks will also benefit from th ...
... to ensure that there is a sufficient amount of tall grass with an open vegetation structure during the pre-fledging period (May to mid-June) in which chicks can feed and find cover (Schekkerman & Beintema 2007, Schekkerman & Müskens 2000, Oosterveld unpubl. data). Redshanks will also benefit from th ...
View plan for Kaluakauila Management Unit
... intermittent streambeds also dissect the northwest face of the MU. Northern rim of Makua Valley consists of exposed, weathered basalt. Talus slopes dominate the lower slope and gulch bottom areas. Winter rains produce small but significant flash flooding events which are responsible most of the eros ...
... intermittent streambeds also dissect the northwest face of the MU. Northern rim of Makua Valley consists of exposed, weathered basalt. Talus slopes dominate the lower slope and gulch bottom areas. Winter rains produce small but significant flash flooding events which are responsible most of the eros ...
patterns of cowbird parasitism in the southern atlantic coastal plain
... ABSTRACT.—Until recently, little information was available on patterns of brood parasitism by Brownheaded Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in the southeastern United States, a region into which cowbirds expanded their range only during the last half of the Twentieth Century and where their abundance is rel ...
... ABSTRACT.—Until recently, little information was available on patterns of brood parasitism by Brownheaded Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in the southeastern United States, a region into which cowbirds expanded their range only during the last half of the Twentieth Century and where their abundance is rel ...
WILD Colorado: Crossroads of Biodiversity
... In general, areas that contain many different species, with an appropriate number of individuals in each species, are more biodiverse. Areas with few of the possible species, or with most individuals belonging to only one or two of the many species present, are less biodiverse. However, a high numbe ...
... In general, areas that contain many different species, with an appropriate number of individuals in each species, are more biodiverse. Areas with few of the possible species, or with most individuals belonging to only one or two of the many species present, are less biodiverse. However, a high numbe ...
Biodiversity and Management of Natural Resources
... They also listed 106 major West Coast salmon and steelhead stocks that have become extinct. The authors attribute the stock declines to habitat loss, inadequate water flow and passage opportunities resulting from hydropower and other developments, overfishing, and harmful interactions with hatchery ...
... They also listed 106 major West Coast salmon and steelhead stocks that have become extinct. The authors attribute the stock declines to habitat loss, inadequate water flow and passage opportunities resulting from hydropower and other developments, overfishing, and harmful interactions with hatchery ...
Ecology Targets
... 13. I can identify which trophic level an organism is in. 14. I can explain the direction of energy flow in an energy pyramid. 15. I can explain what happens to the energy as you go up an energy pyramid. 16. I can explain ecological succession. 17. I can explain the differences between primary and s ...
... 13. I can identify which trophic level an organism is in. 14. I can explain the direction of energy flow in an energy pyramid. 15. I can explain what happens to the energy as you go up an energy pyramid. 16. I can explain ecological succession. 17. I can explain the differences between primary and s ...
SPECIES ASSESSMENT FOR GREAT BASIN SPADEFOOT TOAD
... The Great Basin spadefoot toad (Spea intermontana) is currently recognized by the Canadian government as a threatened species. In addition, some state agencies throughout its range recognize S. intermontana as a sensitive species, often because too little is known about it to provide evaluations on ...
... The Great Basin spadefoot toad (Spea intermontana) is currently recognized by the Canadian government as a threatened species. In addition, some state agencies throughout its range recognize S. intermontana as a sensitive species, often because too little is known about it to provide evaluations on ...
Threats, conservation strategies, and prognosis for suckers
... Catostomid fishes are a diverse family of 76+ freshwater species that are distributed across North America in many different habitats. This group of fish is facing a variety of impacts and conservation issues that are somewhat unique relative to more economically valuable and heavily managed fish specie ...
... Catostomid fishes are a diverse family of 76+ freshwater species that are distributed across North America in many different habitats. This group of fish is facing a variety of impacts and conservation issues that are somewhat unique relative to more economically valuable and heavily managed fish specie ...
Contingent fire effects on granivore removal of exotic woody plant
... Ahlgren 1974; Fewell 1988; Reed et al. 2006; Gibb and Parr 2010), and leading to varied levels of seed removal. The influence of fire on granivore activity is likely to vary across space, however, because fire both generates and responds to spatial heterogeneity in vegetation structure at multiple s ...
... Ahlgren 1974; Fewell 1988; Reed et al. 2006; Gibb and Parr 2010), and leading to varied levels of seed removal. The influence of fire on granivore activity is likely to vary across space, however, because fire both generates and responds to spatial heterogeneity in vegetation structure at multiple s ...
Salish Sea Marine Survival Project
... • US-Canada research program has ecological and operational merit. • Focus on the fish but be multi-faceted to account for ecosystem interactions. • Build around an understanding of bottom-up and top-down processes. • Use retrospective analyses and modeling to provide a framework for ...
... • US-Canada research program has ecological and operational merit. • Focus on the fish but be multi-faceted to account for ecosystem interactions. • Build around an understanding of bottom-up and top-down processes. • Use retrospective analyses and modeling to provide a framework for ...
synergistic effects of fire and herbivory
... 1. Disturbance is a crucial determinant of animal abundance, distribution and community structure in many ecosystems, but the ways in which multiple disturbance types interact remain poorly understood. The effects of multiple-disturbance interactions can be additive, subadditive or super-additive (s ...
... 1. Disturbance is a crucial determinant of animal abundance, distribution and community structure in many ecosystems, but the ways in which multiple disturbance types interact remain poorly understood. The effects of multiple-disturbance interactions can be additive, subadditive or super-additive (s ...
New Zealand`s Naturally Uncommon Ecosystems
... Abstract: We provide an overview of naturally uncommon ecosystems in New Zealand. Terrestrial ecosystems that were rare before humans colonised New Zealand often have highly specialised and diverse assemblages of flora and fauna, characterised by endemic and rare species. A national-scale typology p ...
... Abstract: We provide an overview of naturally uncommon ecosystems in New Zealand. Terrestrial ecosystems that were rare before humans colonised New Zealand often have highly specialised and diverse assemblages of flora and fauna, characterised by endemic and rare species. A national-scale typology p ...
PREDATION ON JAPANESE QUAIL VS. HOUSE SPARROW EGGS
... thickness greater than that in wild birds' eggs of comparable size may have accounted for their finding of no difference in predation rates between Japanese Quail eggs and much smaller buttonquail (Turnix spp.) eggs. We observed that smaller, feral House Sparrow eggs were depredated significantly mo ...
... thickness greater than that in wild birds' eggs of comparable size may have accounted for their finding of no difference in predation rates between Japanese Quail eggs and much smaller buttonquail (Turnix spp.) eggs. We observed that smaller, feral House Sparrow eggs were depredated significantly mo ...
Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile
... food, nesting, overwintering and mating sites for pollinators. Any animal-pollinated plant (hereafter referred to as Ôtarget plantÕ, which can be crop or wild) is visited and pollinated by only a subset of species from the entire pollinator community. The abundances of pollinators in the wild are in ...
... food, nesting, overwintering and mating sites for pollinators. Any animal-pollinated plant (hereafter referred to as Ôtarget plantÕ, which can be crop or wild) is visited and pollinated by only a subset of species from the entire pollinator community. The abundances of pollinators in the wild are in ...
relative effects of species composition and richness on ecosystem
... taxa (e.g., communities of plants, mycorrhizal fungi, macrophytes, bryophytes, or caddisflies). While complementarity and selection effects can often explain within-trophic-level richness effects, we do not know if these mechanisms will be important when richness varies across more complex food webs ...
... taxa (e.g., communities of plants, mycorrhizal fungi, macrophytes, bryophytes, or caddisflies). While complementarity and selection effects can often explain within-trophic-level richness effects, we do not know if these mechanisms will be important when richness varies across more complex food webs ...
Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile
... food, nesting, overwintering and mating sites for pollinators. Any animal-pollinated plant (hereafter referred to as Ôtarget plantÕ, which can be crop or wild) is visited and pollinated by only a subset of species from the entire pollinator community. The abundances of pollinators in the wild are in ...
... food, nesting, overwintering and mating sites for pollinators. Any animal-pollinated plant (hereafter referred to as Ôtarget plantÕ, which can be crop or wild) is visited and pollinated by only a subset of species from the entire pollinator community. The abundances of pollinators in the wild are in ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.