140818 PPR Redef of Anthroposphere R7.1
... species. We not only share the same DNA coding schema, the same proteins and the same amino acids as all of the other species, we must also ingest those other species as food. We evolved as a part of the Earth’s trophic web, in which are omnivores and top predators, and we are 100% dependent on it t ...
... species. We not only share the same DNA coding schema, the same proteins and the same amino acids as all of the other species, we must also ingest those other species as food. We evolved as a part of the Earth’s trophic web, in which are omnivores and top predators, and we are 100% dependent on it t ...
relative effects of species composition and richness on ecosystem
... taxa (e.g., communities of plants, mycorrhizal fungi, macrophytes, bryophytes, or caddisflies). While complementarity and selection effects can often explain within-trophic-level richness effects, we do not know if these mechanisms will be important when richness varies across more complex food webs ...
... taxa (e.g., communities of plants, mycorrhizal fungi, macrophytes, bryophytes, or caddisflies). While complementarity and selection effects can often explain within-trophic-level richness effects, we do not know if these mechanisms will be important when richness varies across more complex food webs ...
Butterflies and their contribution in ecosystem: A review
... and correlations with changes in ecosystem conditions have been determined by Bowman [32]. Ehrlich, 1984; Oostermeijer and van Swaay 1998 described that Butterflies have high reproductive rates and are at low trophic level due to this, they response quickly to environmental stress. Many butterflies ...
... and correlations with changes in ecosystem conditions have been determined by Bowman [32]. Ehrlich, 1984; Oostermeijer and van Swaay 1998 described that Butterflies have high reproductive rates and are at low trophic level due to this, they response quickly to environmental stress. Many butterflies ...
Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile
... food, nesting, overwintering and mating sites for pollinators. Any animal-pollinated plant (hereafter referred to as Ôtarget plantÕ, which can be crop or wild) is visited and pollinated by only a subset of species from the entire pollinator community. The abundances of pollinators in the wild are in ...
... food, nesting, overwintering and mating sites for pollinators. Any animal-pollinated plant (hereafter referred to as Ôtarget plantÕ, which can be crop or wild) is visited and pollinated by only a subset of species from the entire pollinator community. The abundances of pollinators in the wild are in ...
Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile
... food, nesting, overwintering and mating sites for pollinators. Any animal-pollinated plant (hereafter referred to as Ôtarget plantÕ, which can be crop or wild) is visited and pollinated by only a subset of species from the entire pollinator community. The abundances of pollinators in the wild are in ...
... food, nesting, overwintering and mating sites for pollinators. Any animal-pollinated plant (hereafter referred to as Ôtarget plantÕ, which can be crop or wild) is visited and pollinated by only a subset of species from the entire pollinator community. The abundances of pollinators in the wild are in ...
Research frontiers in null model analysis
... null model lays bare two critical questions that may be hidden or implicit in sophisticated statistical models. The first question is how can boundaries in two-dimensional plots be established objectively? One promising approach is to use simple polygons defined by midpoints, medians, and ranges of ...
... null model lays bare two critical questions that may be hidden or implicit in sophisticated statistical models. The first question is how can boundaries in two-dimensional plots be established objectively? One promising approach is to use simple polygons defined by midpoints, medians, and ranges of ...
Body size evolution in insular vertebrates: generality of the island rule
... mammalian orders (and to some degree within families and particular subfamilies) as well as across the species groups studied, including non-volant mammals, bats, passerine birds, snakes and turtles. In addition, body size of numerous species in these classes of vertebrates varies significantly with ...
... mammalian orders (and to some degree within families and particular subfamilies) as well as across the species groups studied, including non-volant mammals, bats, passerine birds, snakes and turtles. In addition, body size of numerous species in these classes of vertebrates varies significantly with ...
Conservation of Deep Pelagic Biodiversity
... these linkages (Edwards & Richardson 2004), with negative effects at higher trophic levels. Although most of these effects of climate change have been measured only in coastal waters or in the open ocean’s upper layers, it is likely that corresponding changes are occurring in the deeper parts of the ...
... these linkages (Edwards & Richardson 2004), with negative effects at higher trophic levels. Although most of these effects of climate change have been measured only in coastal waters or in the open ocean’s upper layers, it is likely that corresponding changes are occurring in the deeper parts of the ...
The Ecology of Place: Contributions of Place-Based
... measuring r at one place and time may reveal little to nothing about its value in another place or time. Ecological invariants known as “scaling and power laws,” that describe power relationships across species or across ecological systems, also have been well documented and explored (e.g., Charnov ...
... measuring r at one place and time may reveal little to nothing about its value in another place or time. Ecological invariants known as “scaling and power laws,” that describe power relationships across species or across ecological systems, also have been well documented and explored (e.g., Charnov ...
empirical evidence for an optimal body size in snakes
... 0.001) and smallest-sized (N 5 78, R2 5 .30, F 5 33.28, slope 5 20.119, P , 0.001) snake species in island assemblages plotted against island area (Fig. 2). Body sizes of the largest species decreased with decreasing area whereas the body sizes of the smallest species increased with decreasing area. ...
... 0.001) and smallest-sized (N 5 78, R2 5 .30, F 5 33.28, slope 5 20.119, P , 0.001) snake species in island assemblages plotted against island area (Fig. 2). Body sizes of the largest species decreased with decreasing area whereas the body sizes of the smallest species increased with decreasing area. ...
Fens and floodplains of the temperate zone
... such conditions, the surface water component increases and nutrient dynamics change, depending on water chemistry and sediment load. Sedimentation is normally the most important nutrient source in floodplains (Olde Venterink et al. 2006, this issue), and increased sedimentation leads to higher nutri ...
... such conditions, the surface water component increases and nutrient dynamics change, depending on water chemistry and sediment load. Sedimentation is normally the most important nutrient source in floodplains (Olde Venterink et al. 2006, this issue), and increased sedimentation leads to higher nutri ...
Importance of Grasslands and the role they play
... greater with biochar (from Chloris) • Austrodanthonia fulva growth was significantly greater with protective fungus (Gliocladium) • The combined effect of both fungus and biochar was equal to the effect of either alone, but no greater - Research project by Liam Crook, UniSA. 2011 ...
... greater with biochar (from Chloris) • Austrodanthonia fulva growth was significantly greater with protective fungus (Gliocladium) • The combined effect of both fungus and biochar was equal to the effect of either alone, but no greater - Research project by Liam Crook, UniSA. 2011 ...
Reports
... and arctic habitats (Hultén 1959). The northern European Dryas heaths may be characterized as biodiversity hotspots relative to other alpine plant communities in this region. Dryas may be a key species with both negative and positive impacts on ecosystem carbon gain (Welker et al. 1997), population ...
... and arctic habitats (Hultén 1959). The northern European Dryas heaths may be characterized as biodiversity hotspots relative to other alpine plant communities in this region. Dryas may be a key species with both negative and positive impacts on ecosystem carbon gain (Welker et al. 1997), population ...
MODELING CARNIVORE HABITAT IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN
... Rockies is always less than before (Paquet et al. 1996). Although direct human-caused mortality remains important, human-associated landscape change is increasingly a critical factor limiting the persistence of the region’s carnivore species. Due to the small size and isolation of remnant carnivore ...
... Rockies is always less than before (Paquet et al. 1996). Although direct human-caused mortality remains important, human-associated landscape change is increasingly a critical factor limiting the persistence of the region’s carnivore species. Due to the small size and isolation of remnant carnivore ...
Habitat Characteristics Influencing Resident and Over
... as exhibiting “steeper, more consistent, and more geographically widespread declines than any other behavioral or ecological guild.” Brawn et al. (2001) addressed the breadth of the decline in grassland species by comparing population trends of different groups of species based on habitat preference ...
... as exhibiting “steeper, more consistent, and more geographically widespread declines than any other behavioral or ecological guild.” Brawn et al. (2001) addressed the breadth of the decline in grassland species by comparing population trends of different groups of species based on habitat preference ...
Reconciling Ecosystems: Reversing Declines in Native Species
... uses (Chapter 1). This societal change has created ongoing tension between the economy and the environment, where allocations of environmental water or investments in habitat for organisms are viewed as “costs” associated principally with regulatory compliance, without recognizing corresponding bene ...
... uses (Chapter 1). This societal change has created ongoing tension between the economy and the environment, where allocations of environmental water or investments in habitat for organisms are viewed as “costs” associated principally with regulatory compliance, without recognizing corresponding bene ...
Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization
... native species but they create habitat for a relatively few species that are adapting to urban and suburban conditions. This process of replacing localized native species with increasingly widespread non-native species promotes biotic homogenization on several spatial scales (McKinney and Lockwood, ...
... native species but they create habitat for a relatively few species that are adapting to urban and suburban conditions. This process of replacing localized native species with increasingly widespread non-native species promotes biotic homogenization on several spatial scales (McKinney and Lockwood, ...
Chapter 6
... other salmonid species, eggs are deposited in gravel redds. Egg incubation requires water temperatures between 43°–56° F and dissolved oxygen concentration of at least 5 mg/L or high mortality can occur. Eggs generally hatch in 4–6 weeks, and fry begin feeding 2 weeks later. Some juveniles migrate d ...
... other salmonid species, eggs are deposited in gravel redds. Egg incubation requires water temperatures between 43°–56° F and dissolved oxygen concentration of at least 5 mg/L or high mortality can occur. Eggs generally hatch in 4–6 weeks, and fry begin feeding 2 weeks later. Some juveniles migrate d ...
Phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence for the role of food and
... show phylogenetic signal and all contribute to phylogenetic community structure. In this study, we use both functional traits and phylogenetic relationships to investigate community assembly in a group of amphipod and isopod crustaceans in Bodega Harbor, California. These marine grazers use both sea ...
... show phylogenetic signal and all contribute to phylogenetic community structure. In this study, we use both functional traits and phylogenetic relationships to investigate community assembly in a group of amphipod and isopod crustaceans in Bodega Harbor, California. These marine grazers use both sea ...
31.4 What Are The Major Threats To Biodiversity?
... 31.4 What Are The Major Threats To Biodiversity? Overexploitation threatens many species. • Overexploitation refers to hunting or harvesting natural populations at a rate that exceeds their ability to replenish their numbers. • Overexploitation has increased as growing demand is coupled with tech ...
... 31.4 What Are The Major Threats To Biodiversity? Overexploitation threatens many species. • Overexploitation refers to hunting or harvesting natural populations at a rate that exceeds their ability to replenish their numbers. • Overexploitation has increased as growing demand is coupled with tech ...
The number of competitor species is unlinked to sexual dimorphism
... under direct selection for the size of common prey (Dayan et al. 1989, 1992). Furthermore, the upper carnassials erupt before adulthood, when the skull has not yet reached its adult size. By using carnassial measurements, we can therefore include subadult specimens with adult-sized teeth. While carn ...
... under direct selection for the size of common prey (Dayan et al. 1989, 1992). Furthermore, the upper carnassials erupt before adulthood, when the skull has not yet reached its adult size. By using carnassial measurements, we can therefore include subadult specimens with adult-sized teeth. While carn ...
hansen2011 - Montana State University
... The concept of source-sink population dynamics may be especially relevant to protected areas. Places set aside as nature reserves often have steep gradients in climate, topography, and other abiotic factors that result in spatially explicit population dynamics occurring within in them. Protected are ...
... The concept of source-sink population dynamics may be especially relevant to protected areas. Places set aside as nature reserves often have steep gradients in climate, topography, and other abiotic factors that result in spatially explicit population dynamics occurring within in them. Protected are ...
This talk will be about patterns of species diversity
... to look at species turnover but this equation stuck with the ecology discipline. A number of other corrections and modifications to Whittaker’s multiplicative measure of β-diversity were made. Some of these modifications incorporate species loss and gain along a transect. See Magurran (2004) and Jos ...
... to look at species turnover but this equation stuck with the ecology discipline. A number of other corrections and modifications to Whittaker’s multiplicative measure of β-diversity were made. Some of these modifications incorporate species loss and gain along a transect. See Magurran (2004) and Jos ...
Food webs in space: On the interplay of dynamic instability and
... food chain length on suitable fallen spruce logs, as ...
... food chain length on suitable fallen spruce logs, as ...
Broadleaved Trees - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural
... heavy equipment), or by herbicides. and remain present in B.C.’s managed conifer forests. Several broadleaved species are included in new Pulpwood Management Agreements. The harvest for pulpwood could significantly alter broadleaved ecosystems and substantially reduce the size of area occupied by ol ...
... heavy equipment), or by herbicides. and remain present in B.C.’s managed conifer forests. Several broadleaved species are included in new Pulpwood Management Agreements. The harvest for pulpwood could significantly alter broadleaved ecosystems and substantially reduce the size of area occupied by ol ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.