Nuclear receptor coactivators: Regulators of steroid action in brain
... It is thought that coactivators are modulators of cellular responsiveness to steroids. In support, SRC-1 knockout mice, while fertile, have decreased responsiveness in progestin target tissues (91) and partial resistance to thyroid hormone (92). It is important to note that in these mice SRC-2 is up ...
... It is thought that coactivators are modulators of cellular responsiveness to steroids. In support, SRC-1 knockout mice, while fertile, have decreased responsiveness in progestin target tissues (91) and partial resistance to thyroid hormone (92). It is important to note that in these mice SRC-2 is up ...
Neural Coding 2016
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
Physiology of the Striate Cortex
... • Hierarchy of complex receptive fields • Retinal ganglion cells: Center-surround structure, Sensitive to contrast, and wavelength of light • Striate cortex: Orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, and binocularity • Extrastriate cortical areas: Selective responsive to complex shapes; e.g., ...
... • Hierarchy of complex receptive fields • Retinal ganglion cells: Center-surround structure, Sensitive to contrast, and wavelength of light • Striate cortex: Orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, and binocularity • Extrastriate cortical areas: Selective responsive to complex shapes; e.g., ...
judasMRT99
... whereas other NADPH-d cells are located deep within the layer I and have a spray of descending beaded processes ramifying in layers II and superficial part of the layer III. In the developing neocortex of rats and mice, nitrinergic neurons are usually not observed in the marginal zone (MZ), i.e., th ...
... whereas other NADPH-d cells are located deep within the layer I and have a spray of descending beaded processes ramifying in layers II and superficial part of the layer III. In the developing neocortex of rats and mice, nitrinergic neurons are usually not observed in the marginal zone (MZ), i.e., th ...
Neuroanatomy Final Review Notes by Russ Beach
... This explains why the diencephalons is almost completely covered by the telencephalon. (see diagram on p 121) ---------THALAMUS--------------*The only sensory cranial nerve not synapsing in thalamus is olfactory (CN1) -Thalamus = sensory relay and intergration center connecting with many areas of br ...
... This explains why the diencephalons is almost completely covered by the telencephalon. (see diagram on p 121) ---------THALAMUS--------------*The only sensory cranial nerve not synapsing in thalamus is olfactory (CN1) -Thalamus = sensory relay and intergration center connecting with many areas of br ...
The emergence of a shared action ontology: Building blocks for a
... designated as ‘‘mirror neurons’’ (Gallese, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Rizzolatti, 1996; Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Gallese, 1996a; see also Fogassi & Gallese, 2002; Gallese, 2000, 2001; Gallese, Fogassi, Fadiga, & Rizzolatti, 2002; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 2000; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 20 ...
... designated as ‘‘mirror neurons’’ (Gallese, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Rizzolatti, 1996; Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Gallese, 1996a; see also Fogassi & Gallese, 2002; Gallese, 2000, 2001; Gallese, Fogassi, Fadiga, & Rizzolatti, 2002; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 2000; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 20 ...
Neuroscience Newsletter, May 2015 - MSc/PhD/MD
... on the role of MBP in extruding proteins with large cytoplasmic domains from the compacted areas (Aggarwal et al 2011), as well as on the molecular basis that drive myelin membrane assembly by a phase transition of the MBP into a cohesive protein meshwork. (Aggarwal et al 2013). In addition, we coul ...
... on the role of MBP in extruding proteins with large cytoplasmic domains from the compacted areas (Aggarwal et al 2011), as well as on the molecular basis that drive myelin membrane assembly by a phase transition of the MBP into a cohesive protein meshwork. (Aggarwal et al 2013). In addition, we coul ...
BNG/Briefing 18 - British Society for Neuroendocrinology
... induce puberty. These cells do this by secreting a small hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production and release of gonadotrophin hormones. This tiny number of GnRH-producing neurons, holds the key to puberty. If, during brain development, the GnRH neurons fail t ...
... induce puberty. These cells do this by secreting a small hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the production and release of gonadotrophin hormones. This tiny number of GnRH-producing neurons, holds the key to puberty. If, during brain development, the GnRH neurons fail t ...
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic
... (Ji et al, 2001; Levin et al, 2002; Seeger et al, 2004). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nAChR on learning and memory are not fully understood. nAChR currents are likely to take part in postsynaptic calcium signalling either directly through their calcium component or indirectly b ...
... (Ji et al, 2001; Levin et al, 2002; Seeger et al, 2004). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nAChR on learning and memory are not fully understood. nAChR currents are likely to take part in postsynaptic calcium signalling either directly through their calcium component or indirectly b ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... animals. Results demonstrate a close correspondence between the laminar location of the antidromically identified neurons and their anatomically known layer of origin. Axonal properties were most distinct for corticofugal axons projecting through the crus cerebri. Corticothalamic axons projecting to ...
... animals. Results demonstrate a close correspondence between the laminar location of the antidromically identified neurons and their anatomically known layer of origin. Axonal properties were most distinct for corticofugal axons projecting through the crus cerebri. Corticothalamic axons projecting to ...
Abstracts for each slide presentation are available here
... physiological and pathophysiological processes at the nanomolar level and in real time. Experimental observations lead us to believe that Glutamate receptor modulatory changes as well as neuroinflammation may play a significant role in epileptogenesis. The Glutamate system has been implicated in man ...
... physiological and pathophysiological processes at the nanomolar level and in real time. Experimental observations lead us to believe that Glutamate receptor modulatory changes as well as neuroinflammation may play a significant role in epileptogenesis. The Glutamate system has been implicated in man ...
Depth Perception
... by springs — anticipating the current interest of physicists in spin glasses as a statistical mechanics analog of neural nets. (cf. §4.3 and Chap. 2 of Hertz, Krogh and Palmer) For the brain theorist the issue was thus raised: "Could the depth map be computed by a cooperative process involving reali ...
... by springs — anticipating the current interest of physicists in spin glasses as a statistical mechanics analog of neural nets. (cf. §4.3 and Chap. 2 of Hertz, Krogh and Palmer) For the brain theorist the issue was thus raised: "Could the depth map be computed by a cooperative process involving reali ...
PDF
... greatest need for replacement or enhancement of communication), and who may experience the greatest benefit if such tools can improve function or prevent progression of the disorder at an early stage. Ben et al. (2008, 2011) reported better outcome in behavioral therapy for children with an IQ above ...
... greatest need for replacement or enhancement of communication), and who may experience the greatest benefit if such tools can improve function or prevent progression of the disorder at an early stage. Ben et al. (2008, 2011) reported better outcome in behavioral therapy for children with an IQ above ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have shown that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 199 ...
... Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have shown that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 199 ...
AIP
... was almost completely confined to F5 and, therefore, the anatomical linkage between these two areas is highly selective and reciprocal. In addition, the differential distribution of the labeling observed in the present study following injections in AIP and LIP, in agreement also with data of Anderse ...
... was almost completely confined to F5 and, therefore, the anatomical linkage between these two areas is highly selective and reciprocal. In addition, the differential distribution of the labeling observed in the present study following injections in AIP and LIP, in agreement also with data of Anderse ...
Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3
... this responsiveness is drastically reduced with the destruction of the mossy fibers 6. CA3 neurons may also be more vulnerable to damage because they lack both calbindin D28k and parvalbumin, calcium-binding proteins that are present in dentate granule neurons as well as in CA1 and CA2 pyramidal neu ...
... this responsiveness is drastically reduced with the destruction of the mossy fibers 6. CA3 neurons may also be more vulnerable to damage because they lack both calbindin D28k and parvalbumin, calcium-binding proteins that are present in dentate granule neurons as well as in CA1 and CA2 pyramidal neu ...
Experiencing Sensation and Perception
... Finding the noiciceptor [to glossary], the receptor for pain, has proved particularly difficult over the years. In fact at time it has been proposed that there are not particular receptors that respond to pain ...
... Finding the noiciceptor [to glossary], the receptor for pain, has proved particularly difficult over the years. In fact at time it has been proposed that there are not particular receptors that respond to pain ...
Matching mind to world and vice versa: Functional dissociations
... Observing a stranger walk into a bakery can automatically trigger a rapid understanding of the different mental states pertaining to this action, such as the stranger’s belief (that she can purchase food in the bakery) and her desire (to satisfy her sweet tooth). Observing the stranger leave the bak ...
... Observing a stranger walk into a bakery can automatically trigger a rapid understanding of the different mental states pertaining to this action, such as the stranger’s belief (that she can purchase food in the bakery) and her desire (to satisfy her sweet tooth). Observing the stranger leave the bak ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons in nuclei of brain stem – cause is unknown Tremors, stiff facial expression, slow in movement Treatment: L-dopa, deep brain stimulation through implanted electrodes ...
... Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons in nuclei of brain stem – cause is unknown Tremors, stiff facial expression, slow in movement Treatment: L-dopa, deep brain stimulation through implanted electrodes ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons in nuclei of brain stem – cause is unknown Tremors, stiff facial expression, slow in movement Treatment: L-dopa, deep brain stimulation through implanted electrodes ...
... Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons in nuclei of brain stem – cause is unknown Tremors, stiff facial expression, slow in movement Treatment: L-dopa, deep brain stimulation through implanted electrodes ...
The Nervous System
... Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons in nuclei of brain stem – cause is unknown Tremors, stiff facial expression, slow in movement Treatment: L-dopa, deep brain stimulation through implanted electrodes ...
... Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons in nuclei of brain stem – cause is unknown Tremors, stiff facial expression, slow in movement Treatment: L-dopa, deep brain stimulation through implanted electrodes ...
Age-related differences in brain activity underlying identification of
... Finally, the insula is thought to be critically involved in perceiving disgust (Phillips et al., 1997; Sprengelmeyer et al., 1998; Calder et al., 2000; Anderson et al., 2003), likely due to its role in visceral and somatosensory responses (Adolphs, 2002). The effect of aging on social cognition has ...
... Finally, the insula is thought to be critically involved in perceiving disgust (Phillips et al., 1997; Sprengelmeyer et al., 1998; Calder et al., 2000; Anderson et al., 2003), likely due to its role in visceral and somatosensory responses (Adolphs, 2002). The effect of aging on social cognition has ...
a Primer on the Brain and Nervous System
... the spinal cord generates nerve impulses in nerves that control the muscles and the viscera, both through reflex activities and through voluntary commands from the cerebrum. The Parts of the Nervous System The forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord form the central nervous system (CNS), whi ...
... the spinal cord generates nerve impulses in nerves that control the muscles and the viscera, both through reflex activities and through voluntary commands from the cerebrum. The Parts of the Nervous System The forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord form the central nervous system (CNS), whi ...
Morphological Changes in the Hippocampus Following Nicotine and
... gyrus. NADPH-diaphorase staining. Direct magnification 40x. B. NADPH-diaphorase positive cell in CA1 area of the hippocampus. Direct magnification 200x. C. CA1 area of the hippocampus (arrows). Bis-benzimide, Hoechst 33342 staining. Kainic acid-treated rat (10 mg/kg). Direct magnification 100x. D. C ...
... gyrus. NADPH-diaphorase staining. Direct magnification 40x. B. NADPH-diaphorase positive cell in CA1 area of the hippocampus. Direct magnification 200x. C. CA1 area of the hippocampus (arrows). Bis-benzimide, Hoechst 33342 staining. Kainic acid-treated rat (10 mg/kg). Direct magnification 100x. D. C ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.