Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... lateral connectivity of the cortex is not explicitly taken into account. Such models do not explicitly replicate the activity dynamics of the visual cortex, and therefore can make only limited predictions about interactions between receptive elds and cortical function. Recent experiments have shown ...
... lateral connectivity of the cortex is not explicitly taken into account. Such models do not explicitly replicate the activity dynamics of the visual cortex, and therefore can make only limited predictions about interactions between receptive elds and cortical function. Recent experiments have shown ...
Engagement of brain areas implicated in processing inner speech in
... emission tomography (PET) study of auditory verbal imagery in participants with schizophrenia who were prone to auditory hallucinations revealed normal activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus, but differential activation of the left temporal cortex, compared with both people with schizophrenia ...
... emission tomography (PET) study of auditory verbal imagery in participants with schizophrenia who were prone to auditory hallucinations revealed normal activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus, but differential activation of the left temporal cortex, compared with both people with schizophrenia ...
Communication as an emergent metaphor for neuronal operation
... Recent advances in neuroscience provide us with evidence that neurons are much more complex than previously thought [19]. In particular it has been hypothesised that neurons can select input depending on its spatial location on dendritic tree or temporal structure [19,20,21]. Some neurobiologists su ...
... Recent advances in neuroscience provide us with evidence that neurons are much more complex than previously thought [19]. In particular it has been hypothesised that neurons can select input depending on its spatial location on dendritic tree or temporal structure [19,20,21]. Some neurobiologists su ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... about 1000 specific receptor proteins are present. Specific olfactory receptor genes encode each protein. The discoverers of these genes were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize.4 Because humans can see very well, we do not depend on smell too much. The development of tricolor vision led to many olfactory ...
... about 1000 specific receptor proteins are present. Specific olfactory receptor genes encode each protein. The discoverers of these genes were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize.4 Because humans can see very well, we do not depend on smell too much. The development of tricolor vision led to many olfactory ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... about 1000 specific receptor proteins are present. Specific olfactory receptor genes encode each protein. The discoverers of these genes were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize.4 Because humans can see very well, we do not depend on smell too much. The development of tricolor vision led to many olfactory ...
... about 1000 specific receptor proteins are present. Specific olfactory receptor genes encode each protein. The discoverers of these genes were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize.4 Because humans can see very well, we do not depend on smell too much. The development of tricolor vision led to many olfactory ...
Chapter 16: Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System
... • Is an important aspect of ANS function: – if nerve is inactive under normal conditions, can only increase activity – if nerve maintains background level of activity, can increase or decrease activity ...
... • Is an important aspect of ANS function: – if nerve is inactive under normal conditions, can only increase activity – if nerve maintains background level of activity, can increase or decrease activity ...
The Neuroscience of Pain:
... Functional brain imagery Documents activity in selected areas of the brain under certain conditions. Areas related to pain are well-known. ...
... Functional brain imagery Documents activity in selected areas of the brain under certain conditions. Areas related to pain are well-known. ...
in search of memory traces
... Actually, there are many forms of plasticity in the nervous system, synaptic plasticity being only one. There are also changes in neuron excitability due to factors intrinsic to the neurons, as in decreases in after-hyperpolarization, as well as structural changes in dendrites, formation of new neur ...
... Actually, there are many forms of plasticity in the nervous system, synaptic plasticity being only one. There are also changes in neuron excitability due to factors intrinsic to the neurons, as in decreases in after-hyperpolarization, as well as structural changes in dendrites, formation of new neur ...
Huntington disease models and human neuropathology: similarities
... made in animal models with those occurring in the human HD brains is as diverse as are the number of investigators, thus of debatable cogency. A consensual language is missing between investigators using engineered animal models and neuropathologists or neuroscientists involved mainly with human HD ...
... made in animal models with those occurring in the human HD brains is as diverse as are the number of investigators, thus of debatable cogency. A consensual language is missing between investigators using engineered animal models and neuropathologists or neuroscientists involved mainly with human HD ...
Neurons of human nucleus accumbens
... the spiny I type of neurons in monkey striatum described by Di Figlia et al. 12. Our fusiform neuron (type I) could correspond to the spiny I neurons with flattened soma described by some authors 12. However, human striate spiny neurons with six primary dendrites described by others 13 could corresp ...
... the spiny I type of neurons in monkey striatum described by Di Figlia et al. 12. Our fusiform neuron (type I) could correspond to the spiny I neurons with flattened soma described by some authors 12. However, human striate spiny neurons with six primary dendrites described by others 13 could corresp ...
Slide 1
... – Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain. These three neurons help make up the reflex arc- a fast reaction controlled in the spinal cord Psychology, Third Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White ...
... – Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain. These three neurons help make up the reflex arc- a fast reaction controlled in the spinal cord Psychology, Third Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White ...
Prefrontal cortex in humans and apes: A comparative study of area 10
... wide, its cells have a homogeneous distribution, and a slight size gradient is evident as one approaches layer IV. The pyramids are darkly stained. Layer IV is clearly evident, but thin, and includes small cells with medium staining. Its borders with layers III and V are easily seen. Layer Va includ ...
... wide, its cells have a homogeneous distribution, and a slight size gradient is evident as one approaches layer IV. The pyramids are darkly stained. Layer IV is clearly evident, but thin, and includes small cells with medium staining. Its borders with layers III and V are easily seen. Layer Va includ ...
Differential Localization of G Protein βγ Subunits
... exhibit a wide range of distributions throughout the central nervous system, a thorough investigation of the expression patterns of both Gβ and Gγ isoforms within subcellular fractions has not been conducted. To address this, we applied a targeted proteomics approach known as multiple-reaction monit ...
... exhibit a wide range of distributions throughout the central nervous system, a thorough investigation of the expression patterns of both Gβ and Gγ isoforms within subcellular fractions has not been conducted. To address this, we applied a targeted proteomics approach known as multiple-reaction monit ...
PDF
... mechanism that can make coarse coding possible, neither combination coding cells (Treisman and Gelade, 1980; Wiskott and von der Malsburg, 1995), nor mechanisms that can decouple noncorresponding regions to remove ambiguous connections and reorganize the system (von der Malsburg, 1999) have been dis ...
... mechanism that can make coarse coding possible, neither combination coding cells (Treisman and Gelade, 1980; Wiskott and von der Malsburg, 1995), nor mechanisms that can decouple noncorresponding regions to remove ambiguous connections and reorganize the system (von der Malsburg, 1999) have been dis ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... We used the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique (Sokoloff et al. 1977; Lwel and Singer 1993) to visualize ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex of awake kittens. A total of 23 animals (from 14 litters) from our institutes’ colonies was used. The experiments were performed with 3- to 6-w ...
... We used the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique (Sokoloff et al. 1977; Lwel and Singer 1993) to visualize ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex of awake kittens. A total of 23 animals (from 14 litters) from our institutes’ colonies was used. The experiments were performed with 3- to 6-w ...
Lecture #1 - University of Utah
... 2) Heterosynaptic LTP: simultaneous input @ two synapses leads to potentiation of transmission through single synapse later. AMPA & NMDA receptors for Glutamate can mediate this ‘associative LTP’ Increase conductance Of AMPA receptors ...
... 2) Heterosynaptic LTP: simultaneous input @ two synapses leads to potentiation of transmission through single synapse later. AMPA & NMDA receptors for Glutamate can mediate this ‘associative LTP’ Increase conductance Of AMPA receptors ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... presented in the contralesional hemifield. Neglect has been elicited in experimental models of the rat, cat and monkey, and is thought to result in part from a pathological state of inhibition exerted on the damaged hemisphere by the hyperexcited intact hemisphere. We sought to test this theory by a ...
... presented in the contralesional hemifield. Neglect has been elicited in experimental models of the rat, cat and monkey, and is thought to result in part from a pathological state of inhibition exerted on the damaged hemisphere by the hyperexcited intact hemisphere. We sought to test this theory by a ...
Human Neural Systems for Face Recognition and Social
... which brain regions participate in a perceptual or cogntitive function and how their participation is modulated by other processes, such as attention or memory, but imaging data cannot indicate which of these brain regions are critical for the successful performance of a perceptual or cognitive oper ...
... which brain regions participate in a perceptual or cogntitive function and how their participation is modulated by other processes, such as attention or memory, but imaging data cannot indicate which of these brain regions are critical for the successful performance of a perceptual or cognitive oper ...
A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... many kinds of information requires many types of neurons; there may be as many as 10,000 types of them. Processing so much information requires a lot of neurons. ”Best estimates” indicate that there are around 200 billion neurons in the brain alone! Glia (or glial cells) are the cells that provide s ...
... many kinds of information requires many types of neurons; there may be as many as 10,000 types of them. Processing so much information requires a lot of neurons. ”Best estimates” indicate that there are around 200 billion neurons in the brain alone! Glia (or glial cells) are the cells that provide s ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
The Thalamus
... receptor types and subtypes which not only govern the responses of thalamic cells to external and internally generated stimuli but also modulate their activities during changes in conscious state. In these investigations, the ability to carry out investigations on slices of the living thalamus kept ...
... receptor types and subtypes which not only govern the responses of thalamic cells to external and internally generated stimuli but also modulate their activities during changes in conscious state. In these investigations, the ability to carry out investigations on slices of the living thalamus kept ...
![[3h]cyclohexyladenosine](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/012903919_1-6cab9cfb915b9ec701998fe503594a7e-300x300.png)
[3h]cyclohexyladenosine
... analysis, ensuring that essentially all of the visualized autoradiographic grains will be associated with specific adenosine receptor binding sites. Scatchard analysis of the binding indicates a dissociation constant (Ko) of 0.77 nM and a maximal number of binding sites (B,,,) of 423 fmol/mg of prot ...
... analysis, ensuring that essentially all of the visualized autoradiographic grains will be associated with specific adenosine receptor binding sites. Scatchard analysis of the binding indicates a dissociation constant (Ko) of 0.77 nM and a maximal number of binding sites (B,,,) of 423 fmol/mg of prot ...
Psychology
... with the external world and the world inside our bodies. It carries information to the brain from our senses so the brain can interpret the incoming information and respond to it by transmitting messages initiating action or movement in nerves in different parts of our bodies. It is helpful to think ...
... with the external world and the world inside our bodies. It carries information to the brain from our senses so the brain can interpret the incoming information and respond to it by transmitting messages initiating action or movement in nerves in different parts of our bodies. It is helpful to think ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... pressed the key for ⬎0.5 sec and fixated on a small fixation square (0.5 ⫻ 0.5° in visual angle) on the CRT monitor. In the spatial discrimination task, location-related visual cues using a 0.5°-sized gray square were randomly displayed 5° on either the left or right side of the fixation square for ...
... pressed the key for ⬎0.5 sec and fixated on a small fixation square (0.5 ⫻ 0.5° in visual angle) on the CRT monitor. In the spatial discrimination task, location-related visual cues using a 0.5°-sized gray square were randomly displayed 5° on either the left or right side of the fixation square for ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... The superior colliculus (SC) has long been known to be part of the network of brain areas involved in spatial attention, but recent findings have dramatically refined our understanding of its functional role. The SC both implements the motor consequences of attention and plays a crucial role in the pr ...
... The superior colliculus (SC) has long been known to be part of the network of brain areas involved in spatial attention, but recent findings have dramatically refined our understanding of its functional role. The SC both implements the motor consequences of attention and plays a crucial role in the pr ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.