This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2012
... deposits, which amounted to about 140 percent of GDP on average in the 2000s, and have been increasing over time. Most of those deposits are time and saving deposits that bear an interest rate. The access of foreign investors to Chinese financial assets is severely limited. For equity, two types of ...
... deposits, which amounted to about 140 percent of GDP on average in the 2000s, and have been increasing over time. Most of those deposits are time and saving deposits that bear an interest rate. The access of foreign investors to Chinese financial assets is severely limited. For equity, two types of ...
Diapositiva 1
... dependence of domestic producers on foreign markets and their trade orientation (for exports) and the degree of reliance of domestic demand on foreign supply of goods and services (for imports). Trade Openess Ratio X M ...
... dependence of domestic producers on foreign markets and their trade orientation (for exports) and the degree of reliance of domestic demand on foreign supply of goods and services (for imports). Trade Openess Ratio X M ...
complete answers
... If LM curve is flat, the expansionary monetary policy is not effective. If MS is increasing, the interest rate is not increasing because interest elasticity of MD is infinite, in other words MD is very sensitive to interest rate which does not change. No increase in i causes no increase in investmen ...
... If LM curve is flat, the expansionary monetary policy is not effective. If MS is increasing, the interest rate is not increasing because interest elasticity of MD is infinite, in other words MD is very sensitive to interest rate which does not change. No increase in i causes no increase in investmen ...
2-INDIA`S ECONOMIC REFORMS AND IMPACT
... fosters growth of Indian industry to let the entrepreneurs make investment decisions on the basis of their own commercial judgment. • Since the attainment of technological dynamism and international competitiveness requires that enterprises must be enabled to swiftly respond to fast changing externa ...
... fosters growth of Indian industry to let the entrepreneurs make investment decisions on the basis of their own commercial judgment. • Since the attainment of technological dynamism and international competitiveness requires that enterprises must be enabled to swiftly respond to fast changing externa ...
Alternative Interpretations of a Stateless Currency
... The prescient conclusion was that “it is a dangerous error to believe that monetary and economic union can precede a political union or that it will act (in the words of the Werner report) ‘as a leaven for the evolvement of a political union which in the long run it will in any case be unable to do ...
... The prescient conclusion was that “it is a dangerous error to believe that monetary and economic union can precede a political union or that it will act (in the words of the Werner report) ‘as a leaven for the evolvement of a political union which in the long run it will in any case be unable to do ...
Chapter 259 South African Rand/US Dollar (ZAR/USD)
... Interpretations & Special Notices Section of Chapter 5. A Person seeking an exemption from position limits for bona fide commercial purposes shall apply to the Market Regulation Department on forms provided by the Exchange, and the Market Regulation Department may grant qualified exemptions in its s ...
... Interpretations & Special Notices Section of Chapter 5. A Person seeking an exemption from position limits for bona fide commercial purposes shall apply to the Market Regulation Department on forms provided by the Exchange, and the Market Regulation Department may grant qualified exemptions in its s ...
International Development Economics Associates (IDEAs) International Conference on
... means to overcome such constraints are by now well-known, needs to be emphasized. No matter what explanation we may proffer for the downturn in world capitalism (and such explanations range from “Kondratieff Long Waves” to “Over-accumulation” and “ProfitSqueeze”3), in a world in which the means of o ...
... means to overcome such constraints are by now well-known, needs to be emphasized. No matter what explanation we may proffer for the downturn in world capitalism (and such explanations range from “Kondratieff Long Waves” to “Over-accumulation” and “ProfitSqueeze”3), in a world in which the means of o ...
Chapter 9
... Instead of increasing by 15%, which they would have if there was no real appreciation in the value of the $ (or equivalently, depreciation in the ringgit), nominal profits have fallen by 65.6%! ...
... Instead of increasing by 15%, which they would have if there was no real appreciation in the value of the $ (or equivalently, depreciation in the ringgit), nominal profits have fallen by 65.6%! ...
Prospects of a Single Asian Currency in the Age of Economic
... far East as Australasia. Asia as the third zone in the world is much more diverse than either the Americas or Europe. Asia accounts for 60% of global population, but less than one quarter of GDP. Asia ranges from the economic advanced country of Japan to some of the poorest economies in the world. J ...
... far East as Australasia. Asia as the third zone in the world is much more diverse than either the Americas or Europe. Asia accounts for 60% of global population, but less than one quarter of GDP. Asia ranges from the economic advanced country of Japan to some of the poorest economies in the world. J ...
Foreign Exchange Interventions at Zero Interest Rates
... official foreign exchange intervention (net purchase of dollars in terms of yen). Data on the price level and the interest rate are obtained from the BOJ website. Data on industrial production, M1 and the exchange rate are obtained from International Financial Statistics of the IMF. The official int ...
... official foreign exchange intervention (net purchase of dollars in terms of yen). Data on the price level and the interest rate are obtained from the BOJ website. Data on industrial production, M1 and the exchange rate are obtained from International Financial Statistics of the IMF. The official int ...
PDF format
... contrast, the outright purchases of CP entail an effect of facilitating corporate financing and containing the contraction of economic activity through mitigating the fear of liquidity dry-up, which firms worry. In fact, since the announcement of the measure in December, the issuing environment of C ...
... contrast, the outright purchases of CP entail an effect of facilitating corporate financing and containing the contraction of economic activity through mitigating the fear of liquidity dry-up, which firms worry. In fact, since the announcement of the measure in December, the issuing environment of C ...
Impacts of Exchange Rate Movements
... trigger rate will be for the market-oriented firms and the lower the entry trigger rate will be for the cost-oriented firms. As a result, the amount of FDI should decrease with the increase in k. It is worth noting that, if sunk investment costs are zero, then the volatility would have no effect on ...
... trigger rate will be for the market-oriented firms and the lower the entry trigger rate will be for the cost-oriented firms. As a result, the amount of FDI should decrease with the increase in k. It is worth noting that, if sunk investment costs are zero, then the volatility would have no effect on ...
Diapositive 1 - Developing Markets Associates
... The energy sector is one of the strategic areas of the country. Recent efforts to economic growth provided by Djibouti on one hand, and geographic expansion resulting from rapid urbanisation of the capital and other regions, have literally exploded the demand for energy. The region is suffering by u ...
... The energy sector is one of the strategic areas of the country. Recent efforts to economic growth provided by Djibouti on one hand, and geographic expansion resulting from rapid urbanisation of the capital and other regions, have literally exploded the demand for energy. The region is suffering by u ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH, EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY, AND
... endogenous macroeconomic variables. The first factor is the presence of local currency pricing: exchange rate changes do not pass through to goods prices in the short run. The second feature is the presence of heterogeneity in the way that products are sold and prices are set in international commod ...
... endogenous macroeconomic variables. The first factor is the presence of local currency pricing: exchange rate changes do not pass through to goods prices in the short run. The second feature is the presence of heterogeneity in the way that products are sold and prices are set in international commod ...
Zimbabwe’s Black Market for Foreign Exchange Albert Makochekanwa
... Although some studies (Lindauer, 1989) distinguish between the two terms, “parallel market” and “black market” in foreign exchange, this study will use the two terms interchangeably or synonymously. Robert Grosse (1991) pointed out that black markets in foreign currency have emerged in most countrie ...
... Although some studies (Lindauer, 1989) distinguish between the two terms, “parallel market” and “black market” in foreign exchange, this study will use the two terms interchangeably or synonymously. Robert Grosse (1991) pointed out that black markets in foreign currency have emerged in most countrie ...
EXCHANGE RATE RISK AND EXPORT FLOWS
... floating exchange rate regimes. They find that there is no direct relation between the trade volumes and exchange rate regime. Under both systems, the volume of the trade can increase or decrease depending on consumer preferences and decisions on monetary policy in each country. Based on developed ...
... floating exchange rate regimes. They find that there is no direct relation between the trade volumes and exchange rate regime. Under both systems, the volume of the trade can increase or decrease depending on consumer preferences and decisions on monetary policy in each country. Based on developed ...
Communiqué G20 Leaders Summit – Cannes – 3-4
... continue monitoring the situation and to report publicly on a semi-annual basis. 23. We stand by the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) mandate. However, it is clear that we will not complete the DDA if we continue to conduct negotiations as we have in the past. We recognize the progress achieved so far. ...
... continue monitoring the situation and to report publicly on a semi-annual basis. 23. We stand by the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) mandate. However, it is clear that we will not complete the DDA if we continue to conduct negotiations as we have in the past. We recognize the progress achieved so far. ...
The IQD Team Conference Call
... future of the Iraqi economy, which requires a solution to these conditions and offal, and these solutions reform the management of currency cash through the structure and the deletion of zeros to control the flow and management of the cost of the cash block optimally. The trading bloc cash exporting ...
... future of the Iraqi economy, which requires a solution to these conditions and offal, and these solutions reform the management of currency cash through the structure and the deletion of zeros to control the flow and management of the cost of the cash block optimally. The trading bloc cash exporting ...
Stock prices and the East Asian Financial Crisis
... Apart from the US stock market, we have investigated whether the crisis could have originated from any of the main neighbouring stock markets, in Japan, Hong Kong and China. Although the crisis began in Thailand in 1997, others have suggested the crisis began earlier than this, with both China/ Hong ...
... Apart from the US stock market, we have investigated whether the crisis could have originated from any of the main neighbouring stock markets, in Japan, Hong Kong and China. Although the crisis began in Thailand in 1997, others have suggested the crisis began earlier than this, with both China/ Hong ...
Jonathan Turnovsky PAPER SERIES
... premium. If this assumption is dropped a number of important results no longer obtain. First, the exchange rate and interest rate cannot be in steady state unless both the government deficit and current account equal zero, not simply their sum, as would otherwise be the case. Second, even in steady ...
... premium. If this assumption is dropped a number of important results no longer obtain. First, the exchange rate and interest rate cannot be in steady state unless both the government deficit and current account equal zero, not simply their sum, as would otherwise be the case. Second, even in steady ...
Conference Summary: Canada in the Global Economy
... and on the Canadian financial system, and to help develop the appropriate policy response. The goal of the conference was thus to help improve our own research and the quality of our analysis and advice. The conference consisted of five sessions, the John Kuszczak Memorial Lecture, and a closing pol ...
... and on the Canadian financial system, and to help develop the appropriate policy response. The goal of the conference was thus to help improve our own research and the quality of our analysis and advice. The conference consisted of five sessions, the John Kuszczak Memorial Lecture, and a closing pol ...
Does Internationalizing the RMB Make Sense for China?
... reserve system. Zhou (2009) drew attention to weaknesses of the current international monetary system, which he argued is too reliant on holding sovereign currency reserves (i.e., the U.S. dollar). He urged expanding use of the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights and proposed a stronger international role ...
... reserve system. Zhou (2009) drew attention to weaknesses of the current international monetary system, which he argued is too reliant on holding sovereign currency reserves (i.e., the U.S. dollar). He urged expanding use of the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights and proposed a stronger international role ...
PDF
... programs is an important source of frustration in many countries around the world as national governments try to use policies from an earlier era to influence the changed economy of today. ...
... programs is an important source of frustration in many countries around the world as national governments try to use policies from an earlier era to influence the changed economy of today. ...
Chapter 15 Price Levels and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ...