VGEC: Student Notes RESTRICTION ENZYME MAPPING OF THE λ
... gel is ideal for the determination of the sizes of the very largest DNA fragments. 3. You MUST deal with each gel separately when determining the sizes of the DNA fragments and plot separate standard curves for each. Measure the distance migrated by each marker DNA fragment. For each marker fragment ...
... gel is ideal for the determination of the sizes of the very largest DNA fragments. 3. You MUST deal with each gel separately when determining the sizes of the DNA fragments and plot separate standard curves for each. Measure the distance migrated by each marker DNA fragment. For each marker fragment ...
12) Inheritance, genes and chromosomes • 13) DNA
... • Cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G) by three hydrogen bonds • Every base pair consists of one purine and one pyrimidine « It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanisms for the genetic material » ...
... • Cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G) by three hydrogen bonds • Every base pair consists of one purine and one pyrimidine « It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanisms for the genetic material » ...
Structure and function of DNA
... (a) (i) Copy the diagram and then, on your diagram, draw a circle around one nucleotide. (ii) Name parts X and Y X : phosphate Y : deoxyribose sugar ...
... (a) (i) Copy the diagram and then, on your diagram, draw a circle around one nucleotide. (ii) Name parts X and Y X : phosphate Y : deoxyribose sugar ...
Section 13-2
... sheet of paper, construct a table that has the following three heads: the name of each of the two dog breeds, and “Cross-Breed.” 2. The rows of the table should be labeled with characteristics found in both breeds of dogs. Examples might include size, color, type of coat, intelligence, aggression, a ...
... sheet of paper, construct a table that has the following three heads: the name of each of the two dog breeds, and “Cross-Breed.” 2. The rows of the table should be labeled with characteristics found in both breeds of dogs. Examples might include size, color, type of coat, intelligence, aggression, a ...
Biol 207 Dr. Locke`s section WS9 Page 1 Workshop 9 Biol207
... C/AATTG f) If BamH I cuts at G/GATCC and the second enzyme (Mfe I) also cuts at a 6 base pair recognition sequence, what is the average E. coli genomic DNA fragment size expected based solely on chance (assume equal frequencies of A, C, G, and T)? g) Using your answer from part “F”, and if the E.col ...
... C/AATTG f) If BamH I cuts at G/GATCC and the second enzyme (Mfe I) also cuts at a 6 base pair recognition sequence, what is the average E. coli genomic DNA fragment size expected based solely on chance (assume equal frequencies of A, C, G, and T)? g) Using your answer from part “F”, and if the E.col ...
Introduction to Nucleic Acids Definitions By definition
... the other nucleoside is deoxy-uridine (duridine or dU). One point to keep in mind is that d-uridine and thymidine are produced only in the lab, not in DNA or RNA, respectively. When the pyrimidine is thymine and it reacts with ribose, the other product is thymidine (T). When thymine reacts with deox ...
... the other nucleoside is deoxy-uridine (duridine or dU). One point to keep in mind is that d-uridine and thymidine are produced only in the lab, not in DNA or RNA, respectively. When the pyrimidine is thymine and it reacts with ribose, the other product is thymidine (T). When thymine reacts with deox ...
ANSWER
... • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside • HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure ...
... • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside • HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure ...
Monohybrid Crosses
... When you read one codon at a time it can be used to determine which amino acid (and this determines which protein) each strand of DNA or RNA will code for. Transcription: Changing DNA to RNA: It is important to realize that DNA and proteins have a direct relationship. In other words, DNA is used to ...
... When you read one codon at a time it can be used to determine which amino acid (and this determines which protein) each strand of DNA or RNA will code for. Transcription: Changing DNA to RNA: It is important to realize that DNA and proteins have a direct relationship. In other words, DNA is used to ...
DNA Notes Name_____________________________ assign
... Every so often genes do change. A sudden change in the genetic code is called a ___________. ...
... Every so often genes do change. A sudden change in the genetic code is called a ___________. ...
Figure 1 - genomics-lab
... sequences, demonstrate their high level of polymorphism due to variations in the number of tandem repeats (1 - typical heterozygosities in cattle), abundance and even distribution across the genome. Microsatellites are genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction (1 ) using primers targeted to the ...
... sequences, demonstrate their high level of polymorphism due to variations in the number of tandem repeats (1 - typical heterozygosities in cattle), abundance and even distribution across the genome. Microsatellites are genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction (1 ) using primers targeted to the ...
What is DNA?
... In fact, the same amino acid is often specified by more than one codon. However (and this is very important), the reverse is never true: that is, any one codon only specifies ONE amino acid -- there is no vagueness in the code (e.g. CCU will always produce proline). The code also contains “punctuati ...
... In fact, the same amino acid is often specified by more than one codon. However (and this is very important), the reverse is never true: that is, any one codon only specifies ONE amino acid -- there is no vagueness in the code (e.g. CCU will always produce proline). The code also contains “punctuati ...
15 N
... DNA composition: “Chargaff’s rules” varies from species to species all 4 bases not in equal quantity bases present in characteristic ratio ...
... DNA composition: “Chargaff’s rules” varies from species to species all 4 bases not in equal quantity bases present in characteristic ratio ...
You Light Up My Life
... After the mRNA arrives in the cytoplasm, a specific anticodon on a tRNA bonds to the codon on the mRNA by complementary basepairing, and so a correct amino acid is brought into place. There are fewer tRNAs than the number of possible codons because the third position in the codon-anticodon pairing i ...
... After the mRNA arrives in the cytoplasm, a specific anticodon on a tRNA bonds to the codon on the mRNA by complementary basepairing, and so a correct amino acid is brought into place. There are fewer tRNAs than the number of possible codons because the third position in the codon-anticodon pairing i ...
DNA’s Discovery and Structure
... • DNA replication must be done before a cell reproduce. • DNA replication is essential in passing on of genetic material from one generation to the next. • It is essential in cellular reproduction, growth/repair, and adaptation due to genetic mutations. ...
... • DNA replication must be done before a cell reproduce. • DNA replication is essential in passing on of genetic material from one generation to the next. • It is essential in cellular reproduction, growth/repair, and adaptation due to genetic mutations. ...
Electrophoretic stretching of DNA molecules using microscale T
... 共measured17 to be 1.3± 0.2 s兲. In Fig. 3共c兲 we see that strong stretching occurs once De⬎ 0.5, similar to what is observed in hydrodynamic flows.8 We next tried to stretch molecules which have contour lengths much larger than 2 ⫻ w3 共40 m兲. In Fig. 4 we show the stretching of a concatomer of -DNA ...
... 共measured17 to be 1.3± 0.2 s兲. In Fig. 3共c兲 we see that strong stretching occurs once De⬎ 0.5, similar to what is observed in hydrodynamic flows.8 We next tried to stretch molecules which have contour lengths much larger than 2 ⫻ w3 共40 m兲. In Fig. 4 we show the stretching of a concatomer of -DNA ...
Dismantling the Maryland DNA Convicted Offender Database
... blocks called bases The building blocks are: Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, & Adenine, commonly referred to as C G T A It is the order (sequence) of these blocks that determines a per s on’ sgenet i c characteristics The 4 letter DNA alphabet always follow certain rules: C always bond with G; T only bo ...
... blocks called bases The building blocks are: Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, & Adenine, commonly referred to as C G T A It is the order (sequence) of these blocks that determines a per s on’ sgenet i c characteristics The 4 letter DNA alphabet always follow certain rules: C always bond with G; T only bo ...
DNA Recombination
... • Special endonuclease that simultaneously cut both strands of the double helix, creating a complete break in the DNA molecule. • The 5’ ends at the break are chewed back by an exonuclease, creating a protruding single-stranded 3’ ends. • These single stranded then search for a homologous DNA heli ...
... • Special endonuclease that simultaneously cut both strands of the double helix, creating a complete break in the DNA molecule. • The 5’ ends at the break are chewed back by an exonuclease, creating a protruding single-stranded 3’ ends. • These single stranded then search for a homologous DNA heli ...
DNA mimicry by proteins - Biochemical Society Transactions
... mechanism for the bacterium. As uracil glycosylase only needs to recognize uracil within DNA, it does not need to recognize a long DNA target sequence. Therefore the UGI protein only needs to mimic a very short section of DNA, just a few bases, and structures revealed that it would mimic phosphate g ...
... mechanism for the bacterium. As uracil glycosylase only needs to recognize uracil within DNA, it does not need to recognize a long DNA target sequence. Therefore the UGI protein only needs to mimic a very short section of DNA, just a few bases, and structures revealed that it would mimic phosphate g ...
Preparation of SCRATCHY Hybrid Protein Libraries
... by agarose gel electrophoresis: Pour a 1% agarose gel with two wells, sufficiently large to load the entire truncation library (see Note 1), Load aliquots of the reaction mixture in well after mixing them 1:1 with glycerol and run gel at a low voltage, Visualize the DNA library smear under UV light ...
... by agarose gel electrophoresis: Pour a 1% agarose gel with two wells, sufficiently large to load the entire truncation library (see Note 1), Load aliquots of the reaction mixture in well after mixing them 1:1 with glycerol and run gel at a low voltage, Visualize the DNA library smear under UV light ...
DNA webquest
... (text), answer the questions below, and then click “OK.” 1. In a real cell, what does the DNA molecule do before it unzips? 2. What molecules break the rungs (bases) apart? Drag the correct bases over to “synthesize” the new DNA halves. Read the script, answer the questions below and then click “OK. ...
... (text), answer the questions below, and then click “OK.” 1. In a real cell, what does the DNA molecule do before it unzips? 2. What molecules break the rungs (bases) apart? Drag the correct bases over to “synthesize” the new DNA halves. Read the script, answer the questions below and then click “OK. ...
Development of New Dosimetry Using Extended DNA Fibers
... improved but the cost of their personal dosimeters remains expensive. If a novel personal dosimeter, whose price is more competitive with the simpler passive dosimeters, is developed, the use of personal dosimeters will explosively increase and become normal for all radiation workers in the world. S ...
... improved but the cost of their personal dosimeters remains expensive. If a novel personal dosimeter, whose price is more competitive with the simpler passive dosimeters, is developed, the use of personal dosimeters will explosively increase and become normal for all radiation workers in the world. S ...
File - LFHS AP Biology
... __ The proper base pairing (including the uracil substitution) __ The chemical characteristics of nucleotides __ A comparison of RNA and DNA (other than uracil substitution) __ The triplet arrangement of codons and/or anticodons __ The control of transcription (Operon, etc.) __ Promoters __ The role ...
... __ The proper base pairing (including the uracil substitution) __ The chemical characteristics of nucleotides __ A comparison of RNA and DNA (other than uracil substitution) __ The triplet arrangement of codons and/or anticodons __ The control of transcription (Operon, etc.) __ Promoters __ The role ...
DNA chips: a new tool for genetic analysis and diagnostics
... of thousands of probes (without having to worry about handling and storing each probe), other companies and research laboratories have entered the race by proposing lower-cost or higher-yield alternatives (without photomasks). Protogene uses piezoelectric pipetting to successively deposit the four b ...
... of thousands of probes (without having to worry about handling and storing each probe), other companies and research laboratories have entered the race by proposing lower-cost or higher-yield alternatives (without photomasks). Protogene uses piezoelectric pipetting to successively deposit the four b ...
Nucleic acids and chromosomes
... In an interphase cell, the 46 chromosomes appear as a diffuse mass called chromatin; in cell division, the replicated chromatin condenses to form two sister chromatids held together at the centromere. Describe the Human Karyotype Somatic cells are diploid and have 2 copies of each chromosome, 23 pai ...
... In an interphase cell, the 46 chromosomes appear as a diffuse mass called chromatin; in cell division, the replicated chromatin condenses to form two sister chromatids held together at the centromere. Describe the Human Karyotype Somatic cells are diploid and have 2 copies of each chromosome, 23 pai ...
A comparison of DNA quantification values obtained by
... obtained using the NanoDrop were more variable, as indicated by the higher maximum sample SD value. DNA concentration values determined by UV spectrophotometry were significantly higher than those determined by PicoGreen®. Of the two UV spectrophotometry-based instruments, the values obtained using ...
... obtained using the NanoDrop were more variable, as indicated by the higher maximum sample SD value. DNA concentration values determined by UV spectrophotometry were significantly higher than those determined by PicoGreen®. Of the two UV spectrophotometry-based instruments, the values obtained using ...
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/; DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.First isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and with its molecular structure first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.The obsolete synonym ""desoxyribonucleic acid"" may occasionally be encountered, for example, in pre-1953 genetics.