Unit 4
... Deoxyribose, the sugar component of DNA, has one less hydroxyl group than ribose, the sugar component of RNA. 5. List the nitrogen bases found in DNA, and distinguish between pyrimidine and purine. The Nitrogen bases found in DNA are: Adenine with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosine. Purines are adeni ...
... Deoxyribose, the sugar component of DNA, has one less hydroxyl group than ribose, the sugar component of RNA. 5. List the nitrogen bases found in DNA, and distinguish between pyrimidine and purine. The Nitrogen bases found in DNA are: Adenine with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosine. Purines are adeni ...
File
... • In bacteria, adenine and cytosine are commonly methylated, whereas, in eukaryotes, cytosine is the most commonly methylated base. • Bacterial DNA is frequently methylated to distinguish it from foreign, un-methylated DNA that may be introduced by viruses; bacteria use proteins called restriction e ...
... • In bacteria, adenine and cytosine are commonly methylated, whereas, in eukaryotes, cytosine is the most commonly methylated base. • Bacterial DNA is frequently methylated to distinguish it from foreign, un-methylated DNA that may be introduced by viruses; bacteria use proteins called restriction e ...
Virginia Gil
... viruses do not fit our usual definition of life. Viruses share the characteristic that they can be double stranded DNA or RNA. It is however, very different from eukaryotic chromosome, which have linear DNA molecules associated with a considerable amount of protein. Viruses do not fir our definition ...
... viruses do not fit our usual definition of life. Viruses share the characteristic that they can be double stranded DNA or RNA. It is however, very different from eukaryotic chromosome, which have linear DNA molecules associated with a considerable amount of protein. Viruses do not fir our definition ...
Exercise - GEP Community Server
... obtaining genomic sequences, but what happens once those sequences are obtained? They are basically long lists of A’s, C’s, T’s and G’s which need to be searched to find genes, repetitive DNA regions and other DNA landmarks. The process of starting from raw DNA sequences and then finding genes and r ...
... obtaining genomic sequences, but what happens once those sequences are obtained? They are basically long lists of A’s, C’s, T’s and G’s which need to be searched to find genes, repetitive DNA regions and other DNA landmarks. The process of starting from raw DNA sequences and then finding genes and r ...
D.N.A. activity
... If considering length/volume compaction (a better analysis): 20 meters thread into a capsule volume of .02 x .01 x .01 meter or (2 x 10-6 m3). Cell manages to fit 2 meters of DNA into approximately (1 x 10-6m)3 or 1 x 10-18 m3. The difference in compaction ratios is on the order of 1013, or thirteen ...
... If considering length/volume compaction (a better analysis): 20 meters thread into a capsule volume of .02 x .01 x .01 meter or (2 x 10-6 m3). Cell manages to fit 2 meters of DNA into approximately (1 x 10-6m)3 or 1 x 10-18 m3. The difference in compaction ratios is on the order of 1013, or thirteen ...
CHAPTER 14: DNA: THE GENETIC MATERIAL
... c. Nitrogen containing base: Purine or pyrimidine 1) Purines = adenine (A), guanine (G) 2) Pyrimidines = thymine (T), cytosine (C), RNA contains uracil (U) not T 3. DNA and RNA composed of repeating units a. Called nucleotides b. Nitrogen base distinguishes nucleotide identity 4. Numbering scheme fo ...
... c. Nitrogen containing base: Purine or pyrimidine 1) Purines = adenine (A), guanine (G) 2) Pyrimidines = thymine (T), cytosine (C), RNA contains uracil (U) not T 3. DNA and RNA composed of repeating units a. Called nucleotides b. Nitrogen base distinguishes nucleotide identity 4. Numbering scheme fo ...
DNA Packaging
... with histone H1 to form the chromatosome. The addition of H1 to a nucleosome results in protection of an additional 20 to 22 bp of linker DNA adjacent to the nucleosome, and thus H1 is often referred to as the linker histone. Only one H1 subunit is present per chromatosome, unlike the core histones, ...
... with histone H1 to form the chromatosome. The addition of H1 to a nucleosome results in protection of an additional 20 to 22 bp of linker DNA adjacent to the nucleosome, and thus H1 is often referred to as the linker histone. Only one H1 subunit is present per chromatosome, unlike the core histones, ...
DNA Recombination - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... exchange between molecules with extended sequence homology. For example, transformation and conjugation between related bacterial strains. Site-specific recombination refers to DNA recombination between molecules that shared limited regions of sequence homology. ...
... exchange between molecules with extended sequence homology. For example, transformation and conjugation between related bacterial strains. Site-specific recombination refers to DNA recombination between molecules that shared limited regions of sequence homology. ...
SBI4U: Molecular Genetics Unit Review
... stop codon, which would add another 3 bases on to your total 34. Describe the formation of the initiation complex The start codon (AUG) is recognized. The following components bind: small ribosomal subunit; met-tRNA; large ribosomal subunit 35. Describe the formation of a polypeptide at the ribo ...
... stop codon, which would add another 3 bases on to your total 34. Describe the formation of the initiation complex The start codon (AUG) is recognized. The following components bind: small ribosomal subunit; met-tRNA; large ribosomal subunit 35. Describe the formation of a polypeptide at the ribo ...
DNA fingerprinting and the 16S
... share close genetic backgrounds and thus common phenotypes. Phylogenetic analysis can be based on the amino acid sequence of proteins and on the presence of similar metabolic pathways (two early methods), but the most accurate method of determining phylogenetic relationships is the comparison of DNA ...
... share close genetic backgrounds and thus common phenotypes. Phylogenetic analysis can be based on the amino acid sequence of proteins and on the presence of similar metabolic pathways (two early methods), but the most accurate method of determining phylogenetic relationships is the comparison of DNA ...
printer-friendly version
... In the illustration above you will see that the base adenine is paired with the base thymine and the base guanine is paired with the base cytosine. The idea of these pairing was first discovered by Edwin Chargaff in the late 1940’s. In working with cells from different organisms Chargaff discovered ...
... In the illustration above you will see that the base adenine is paired with the base thymine and the base guanine is paired with the base cytosine. The idea of these pairing was first discovered by Edwin Chargaff in the late 1940’s. In working with cells from different organisms Chargaff discovered ...
Giant DNA Lab Manual.
... these parts, it would be about 270 feet long. The smallest chromosome in humans is Chromosome #22 which is 50Mbp (million base pairs) long; in these models, that would be 1300 miles long – the distance from Boston to Topeka, Kansas. If you strung all the DNA in a single human cell – 6.4x109 bp – in ...
... these parts, it would be about 270 feet long. The smallest chromosome in humans is Chromosome #22 which is 50Mbp (million base pairs) long; in these models, that would be 1300 miles long – the distance from Boston to Topeka, Kansas. If you strung all the DNA in a single human cell – 6.4x109 bp – in ...
ch 12 quick check answers
... The gender marker used in DNA profiling is an STR. False: The gender marker is not an STR. The gender marker used is the Amel gene, and, unusually, this gene has a locus on both the X and the Y chromosomes. The size of the gene differs on each sex chromosome. As a result, a male with both an X and a ...
... The gender marker used in DNA profiling is an STR. False: The gender marker is not an STR. The gender marker used is the Amel gene, and, unusually, this gene has a locus on both the X and the Y chromosomes. The size of the gene differs on each sex chromosome. As a result, a male with both an X and a ...
Overview of the Recombinant DNA technology- the plasmid vector pUC19
... Colletrotrichum lindemuthianum needs to be inserted into pCU19.The CIH-1 cDNA have been cloned in a plasmid vector called pBK-CMV. In order to clone DNA, it needs to be cut up in a precise and repeatable way by using enzymes. Therefore, the foreign gene needs to be cut out of the pBK-CMV with the re ...
... Colletrotrichum lindemuthianum needs to be inserted into pCU19.The CIH-1 cDNA have been cloned in a plasmid vector called pBK-CMV. In order to clone DNA, it needs to be cut up in a precise and repeatable way by using enzymes. Therefore, the foreign gene needs to be cut out of the pBK-CMV with the re ...
STUDY OF VNTR HUMAN POLYMORPHISMS BY PCR
... The allele with the lowest number of replicates contains 14 replicates, while the allele with more replicates has up to 48 replicates, so the known genotypes of the D1S80 locus may have fragments ranging from 385-815 bp. There are more than 22 known alleles being the most common allele that contains ...
... The allele with the lowest number of replicates contains 14 replicates, while the allele with more replicates has up to 48 replicates, so the known genotypes of the D1S80 locus may have fragments ranging from 385-815 bp. There are more than 22 known alleles being the most common allele that contains ...
AP Biology: Evolution
... (Remember to write full sentence answers that incorporate part of the question for it to make sense or write the full question and answer (sentences). Also write the headings for each section in your lab notebook.) Background: Restriction Enzymes and Applications: Where were restriction enzymes firs ...
... (Remember to write full sentence answers that incorporate part of the question for it to make sense or write the full question and answer (sentences). Also write the headings for each section in your lab notebook.) Background: Restriction Enzymes and Applications: Where were restriction enzymes firs ...
DNA Questions #4 Questions on the PCR Process:
... c. Results cannot be seen but must be interpreted by a computer. ___Capillary__________________________ 66) Which of the following are true about the TPOX STR? (Choose all that apply) a. Every person has two alleles for TPOX b. TPOX alleles are sequences that code for important proteins. c. The alle ...
... c. Results cannot be seen but must be interpreted by a computer. ___Capillary__________________________ 66) Which of the following are true about the TPOX STR? (Choose all that apply) a. Every person has two alleles for TPOX b. TPOX alleles are sequences that code for important proteins. c. The alle ...
lecture1
... are the monomers of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). Ribose-containing nucleotides, the ribonucleotides, are the monomers of ribonucleic acids (RNA). 2. A nitrogen-containing ring structure called a base. The base is attached to the 1' carbon atom of the pentose. In DNA, four different bases are found: ...
... are the monomers of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). Ribose-containing nucleotides, the ribonucleotides, are the monomers of ribonucleic acids (RNA). 2. A nitrogen-containing ring structure called a base. The base is attached to the 1' carbon atom of the pentose. In DNA, four different bases are found: ...
Lecture 10 Types of mutations Substitutions that occur in protein
... SNPs can have variable effects • SNPs can have no effect. Their change can be neutral to the protein, e.g. a silent mutation. • SNPs can have a subtle effect, e.g lys to arg (both are polar basic). This is what we suspect is happening in complex genetic diseases • SNPs can have measurable effects (a ...
... SNPs can have variable effects • SNPs can have no effect. Their change can be neutral to the protein, e.g. a silent mutation. • SNPs can have a subtle effect, e.g lys to arg (both are polar basic). This is what we suspect is happening in complex genetic diseases • SNPs can have measurable effects (a ...
BCH-201:Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
... are the monomers of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). Ribose-containing nucleotides, the ribonucleotides, are the monomers of ribonucleic acids (RNA). 2. A nitrogen-containing ring structure called a base. The base is attached to the 1' carbon atom of the pentose. In DNA, four different bases are found: ...
... are the monomers of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). Ribose-containing nucleotides, the ribonucleotides, are the monomers of ribonucleic acids (RNA). 2. A nitrogen-containing ring structure called a base. The base is attached to the 1' carbon atom of the pentose. In DNA, four different bases are found: ...
CSI: SNAB - NKS | VLE - our Online Classroom
... In Scotland, the law is different and most people are removed from the database if they are acquitted. In Sweden, only criminals who have spent more than two years in prison are recorded. In Norway and Germany, court orders are required, and are only available, respectively, for serious offenders an ...
... In Scotland, the law is different and most people are removed from the database if they are acquitted. In Sweden, only criminals who have spent more than two years in prison are recorded. In Norway and Germany, court orders are required, and are only available, respectively, for serious offenders an ...
Lecture 7
... • SNPs can have no effect. Their change can be neutral to the protein, e.g. a silent mutation. • SNPs can have a subtle effect, e.g lys to arg (both are polar basic). This is what we suspect is happening in complex genetic diseases • SNPs can have measurable effects (a pronounced reduction in activi ...
... • SNPs can have no effect. Their change can be neutral to the protein, e.g. a silent mutation. • SNPs can have a subtle effect, e.g lys to arg (both are polar basic). This is what we suspect is happening in complex genetic diseases • SNPs can have measurable effects (a pronounced reduction in activi ...
Recombinant Paper Plasmids:
... as starting materials to make a recombinant plasmid. You will cut pAMP and pKAN with two specific enzymes, BamHI and HindIII. You will ligate together fragments that come from each plasmid, creating a pAMP/KAN plasmid. 1. First, simulate the activity of the restriction enzyme BamHI. Reading from 5’ ...
... as starting materials to make a recombinant plasmid. You will cut pAMP and pKAN with two specific enzymes, BamHI and HindIII. You will ligate together fragments that come from each plasmid, creating a pAMP/KAN plasmid. 1. First, simulate the activity of the restriction enzyme BamHI. Reading from 5’ ...
Name __ DNA, RNA, and PROTEINS TEST (2 points each
... B. sugars and phosphates C. nitrogen bases and sugars D. phospholipids and proteins ______ DNA wraps around proteins called ________________ when it condenses into chromosomes. A. ribosomes B. promoters C. repressors D. histones ______ Adenine, A. B. C. D. ...
... B. sugars and phosphates C. nitrogen bases and sugars D. phospholipids and proteins ______ DNA wraps around proteins called ________________ when it condenses into chromosomes. A. ribosomes B. promoters C. repressors D. histones ______ Adenine, A. B. C. D. ...
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/; DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.First isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and with its molecular structure first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.The obsolete synonym ""desoxyribonucleic acid"" may occasionally be encountered, for example, in pre-1953 genetics.