Nervous System Notes
... • Saltatory conduction – impulse jumps from 1 node of Ranvier to another; why? • Myelin covering – mostly lipids which prevent flow of ions • channels - are located at nodes of Ranvier for ions to diffuse in & out • Myelinated axons (white matter) - conduct impulses ...
... • Saltatory conduction – impulse jumps from 1 node of Ranvier to another; why? • Myelin covering – mostly lipids which prevent flow of ions • channels - are located at nodes of Ranvier for ions to diffuse in & out • Myelinated axons (white matter) - conduct impulses ...
resting potential
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are depolarizations that bring the membrane potential toward threshold – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential farther from threshold ...
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are depolarizations that bring the membrane potential toward threshold – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential farther from threshold ...
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of
... addition of currents that all follow the same basic rules. Let's now investigate just a few of these different neuronal ionic currents. First, imagine that we have just read Hodgkin and Huxley's series of articles in the Journal of Physiology and are quite impressed, but at the same time are wonderi ...
... addition of currents that all follow the same basic rules. Let's now investigate just a few of these different neuronal ionic currents. First, imagine that we have just read Hodgkin and Huxley's series of articles in the Journal of Physiology and are quite impressed, but at the same time are wonderi ...
Receptor Transduction Mechanisms
... which calcium ions can enter the cytoplasm. Changes in membrane potential, as in an action potential, can cause the opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Calcium ions flow through the channels from the extracellular space. Agonist binding to some ligand-gated channels, such as the nicotinic ...
... which calcium ions can enter the cytoplasm. Changes in membrane potential, as in an action potential, can cause the opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Calcium ions flow through the channels from the extracellular space. Agonist binding to some ligand-gated channels, such as the nicotinic ...
EXCITABLE TISSUES
... and thus differ from voltage gated channels (VOCs). These receptors are connected to cation channels for example Na+ and K+ which allow these ions to pass across the muscle membrane (esp. Na+, which is driven by both concentration and electrical gradients) thus depolarising ...
... and thus differ from voltage gated channels (VOCs). These receptors are connected to cation channels for example Na+ and K+ which allow these ions to pass across the muscle membrane (esp. Na+, which is driven by both concentration and electrical gradients) thus depolarising ...
BIOL 273 Midterm #1 Notes
... The membrane potential of a cell can be changed by either having the potassium concentration gradient changed (so there is an imbalance, and more potassium has to move across to correct this) or having ion permeabilities change (so that other ions can get in on the action, baby!) o ...
... The membrane potential of a cell can be changed by either having the potassium concentration gradient changed (so there is an imbalance, and more potassium has to move across to correct this) or having ion permeabilities change (so that other ions can get in on the action, baby!) o ...
Document
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are depolarizations that bring the membrane potential toward threshold – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential farther from threshold ...
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are depolarizations that bring the membrane potential toward threshold – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential farther from threshold ...
File
... usually (not always) the Axon terminal. The axon terminals are also called the bouton terminaux or synaptic knob. The synaptic knobs have synaptic vesicles that contain the NT (neurotransmitters). The NT are produced in the body & conducted along the axon (anterograde flow). The NT can be inhibitory ...
... usually (not always) the Axon terminal. The axon terminals are also called the bouton terminaux or synaptic knob. The synaptic knobs have synaptic vesicles that contain the NT (neurotransmitters). The NT are produced in the body & conducted along the axon (anterograde flow). The NT can be inhibitory ...
Principles of Neural Science
... variation may explain why gap junctions in different tissues are sensitive to different modulatory factors that control their opening and closing. For example, most gap-junction channels close in response to lowered cytoplasmic pH or elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+. These two properties serve to decouple ...
... variation may explain why gap junctions in different tissues are sensitive to different modulatory factors that control their opening and closing. For example, most gap-junction channels close in response to lowered cytoplasmic pH or elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+. These two properties serve to decouple ...
Neurons
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are depolarizations that bring the membrane potential toward threshold – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential farther from threshold ...
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are depolarizations that bring the membrane potential toward threshold – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential farther from threshold ...
ch 48 nervous system
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are depolarizations that bring the membrane potential toward threshold – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential farther from threshold ...
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are depolarizations that bring the membrane potential toward threshold – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential farther from threshold ...
Neurons
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Effect of dopamine receptor stimulation on voltage
... Impaired working memory is a common feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. It is dependent on control of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons by dopamine. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a D1/5-type dopamine receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential an ...
... Impaired working memory is a common feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. It is dependent on control of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons by dopamine. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a D1/5-type dopamine receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential an ...
9d. Know the functions of the nervous system and the role of
... • The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have opposite effects on the same organ system. • These opposing effects help maintain _________________________. ...
... • The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have opposite effects on the same organ system. • These opposing effects help maintain _________________________. ...
Cochlea and Auditory Pathways
... firing and the frequency of their action potentials. Increased volume (amplitude) will result in greater excursion of the basilar membrane, greater displacement of cilia, greater depolarization of receptor cells, and higher frequencies of action potentials in more cochlear nerve axons (whatever the ...
... firing and the frequency of their action potentials. Increased volume (amplitude) will result in greater excursion of the basilar membrane, greater displacement of cilia, greater depolarization of receptor cells, and higher frequencies of action potentials in more cochlear nerve axons (whatever the ...
11-1 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Sensory input
... 2. Dendrites are short, cytoplasmic extensions from the neuron cell body. They are specialized to receive stimuli, which can result in the production of an action potential in the neuron. 3. Axons, or nerve fibers, are long cytoplasmic extensions from the neuron cell body. A. The axon arises from a ...
... 2. Dendrites are short, cytoplasmic extensions from the neuron cell body. They are specialized to receive stimuli, which can result in the production of an action potential in the neuron. 3. Axons, or nerve fibers, are long cytoplasmic extensions from the neuron cell body. A. The axon arises from a ...
Document
... now Zn2+. [I know this because of my vast knowledge of chemistry ;-)] If we write an overall reaction for this process, we get: Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu. This doesn't help us in our quest for electrochemistry knowledge. Let's rewrite this in half-reaction form. ...
... now Zn2+. [I know this because of my vast knowledge of chemistry ;-)] If we write an overall reaction for this process, we get: Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu. This doesn't help us in our quest for electrochemistry knowledge. Let's rewrite this in half-reaction form. ...
11-1 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Sensory input
... B. In the extracellular fluid, the number of plus charges equals the number of minus charges. 3. An electrical charge difference, called a potential difference, exists across the plasma membrane. The potential difference can be measured by placing microelectrodes on either side of the plasma membran ...
... B. In the extracellular fluid, the number of plus charges equals the number of minus charges. 3. An electrical charge difference, called a potential difference, exists across the plasma membrane. The potential difference can be measured by placing microelectrodes on either side of the plasma membran ...
chapter 11-nerve tissue
... a) Chemically-gated channels-open and close in response to certain chemical stimuli. Hormones, neurotransmitters and certain ions can force these channels to open and close. b) Voltage-gated channels-open and close in response to changes in membrane potential. Neurons have sodium and potassium volta ...
... a) Chemically-gated channels-open and close in response to certain chemical stimuli. Hormones, neurotransmitters and certain ions can force these channels to open and close. b) Voltage-gated channels-open and close in response to changes in membrane potential. Neurons have sodium and potassium volta ...
Patch clamp
The patch clamp technique is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of single or multiple ion channels in cells. The technique can be applied to a wide variety of cells, but is especially useful in the study of excitable cells such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, muscle fibers, and pancreatic beta cells. It can also be applied to the study of bacterial ion channels in specially prepared giant spheroplasts.The patch clamp technique is a refinement of the voltage clamp. Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann developed the patch clamp in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This discovery made it possible to record the currents of single ion channel molecules for the first time, which improved understanding of the involvement of channels in fundamental cell processes such as action potentials and nerve activity. Neher and Sakmann received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1991 for this work.