Topic 9: Plant science - IBDPBiology-Dnl
... 9.2.10 Outline four adaptations of xerophytes that help to reduce transpiration. 9.2.11 Outline the role of phloem in active translocation of sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from source (photosynthetic tissue and storage organs) to sink (fruits, seeds, roots). ...
... 9.2.10 Outline four adaptations of xerophytes that help to reduce transpiration. 9.2.11 Outline the role of phloem in active translocation of sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from source (photosynthetic tissue and storage organs) to sink (fruits, seeds, roots). ...
Large Bloom Angel Trumpet Patio Tree FREQUENTLY ASKED
... Dig holes twice the width of the root ball and about 5-6 inches deep. Place them in their holes. Pack soil firmly around roots. PLANTING SPACING If planting in garden or together in one container space at least 20 inches apart. WATER Water the plants thoroughly a couple times per week. Repeat all su ...
... Dig holes twice the width of the root ball and about 5-6 inches deep. Place them in their holes. Pack soil firmly around roots. PLANTING SPACING If planting in garden or together in one container space at least 20 inches apart. WATER Water the plants thoroughly a couple times per week. Repeat all su ...
Aphids Bagworms Lace Bugs Mealy Bugs Scale Spider Mites
... Prolonged, heavy infestations cause yellowing or bronzing of the foliage and premature leaf drop similar to drought stress. Severely infested plants may be stunted or even killed. Most of the mites feed from the undersides of leaves, although the damage is most evident from the upper surface. ...
... Prolonged, heavy infestations cause yellowing or bronzing of the foliage and premature leaf drop similar to drought stress. Severely infested plants may be stunted or even killed. Most of the mites feed from the undersides of leaves, although the damage is most evident from the upper surface. ...
Introduction to Plants
... Plants are classified the same way all other living organisms are classified and they all of have scientific names made of a scientific and common name (ex. Quercus alba is a White Oak tree) Historically botanists used the term _________________ while zoologist used the term _____________________, ...
... Plants are classified the same way all other living organisms are classified and they all of have scientific names made of a scientific and common name (ex. Quercus alba is a White Oak tree) Historically botanists used the term _________________ while zoologist used the term _____________________, ...
soil-plant nutrient cycling and environmental quality
... plants is found in the Fe+++ state, any Fe++ is present only as a transitory state (free Fe++ is phytotoxic). Fe functions as a co-enzyme, in important electron transfer enzymes, and the formation and component of enzymes that are precursors to chlorophyll. The two important categories of enzymes ar ...
... plants is found in the Fe+++ state, any Fe++ is present only as a transitory state (free Fe++ is phytotoxic). Fe functions as a co-enzyme, in important electron transfer enzymes, and the formation and component of enzymes that are precursors to chlorophyll. The two important categories of enzymes ar ...
Match Photos Game
... consists of a colorful laminated sheet of native wildflower photos with their names, Latin and common, and a clue. The photos of the plants have been cut off and are scrambled to the left of the game board. The player tries to match the correct photo to the plant named and/or described in the clue. ...
... consists of a colorful laminated sheet of native wildflower photos with their names, Latin and common, and a clue. The photos of the plants have been cut off and are scrambled to the left of the game board. The player tries to match the correct photo to the plant named and/or described in the clue. ...
gynura - Super Floral Retailing
... an area from Africa to Malaysia. PUNGENT FLOWERS Dandelionlike yellow flowers often bloom after the plants reach one year old, but these flowers have an unpleasant odor and so are best pinched off. Blooming is often a sign of plant maturity and may signal that the plant will begin to decline; this i ...
... an area from Africa to Malaysia. PUNGENT FLOWERS Dandelionlike yellow flowers often bloom after the plants reach one year old, but these flowers have an unpleasant odor and so are best pinched off. Blooming is often a sign of plant maturity and may signal that the plant will begin to decline; this i ...
100 - Central Lyon CSD
... The type of angiosperm which mean ‘one-seed leaf’. It has vascular bundles which are scattered throughout the stem of his particular type of plant. ...
... The type of angiosperm which mean ‘one-seed leaf’. It has vascular bundles which are scattered throughout the stem of his particular type of plant. ...
Plant Study Guide
... 2. Roots-the underground foundation of a plant; they anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals, which travel to all other parts of the plant; some roots store food. 3. two main types of roots a. taproots-main root that stores food; ex. Carrot and dandelion b. fibrous roots-a system of branching ...
... 2. Roots-the underground foundation of a plant; they anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals, which travel to all other parts of the plant; some roots store food. 3. two main types of roots a. taproots-main root that stores food; ex. Carrot and dandelion b. fibrous roots-a system of branching ...
Images key to understanding roots of plant fertiliser
... available deeper in the soil is important, particularly in no-till systems.” This included findings that up to 50 per cent of a plant’s phosphorus requirements were taken from the top 10cm of soil, a further 30 per cent from 10–30cm deep, and 20 per cent taken from below 30cm. But there was increasi ...
... available deeper in the soil is important, particularly in no-till systems.” This included findings that up to 50 per cent of a plant’s phosphorus requirements were taken from the top 10cm of soil, a further 30 per cent from 10–30cm deep, and 20 per cent taken from below 30cm. But there was increasi ...
Function - berkeleyscience
... vascular system carries sugar-rich sap from leaves to where it’s needed ...
... vascular system carries sugar-rich sap from leaves to where it’s needed ...
Get down to basics of corn production
... and what they need for their growth, we can do an even better job of increasing yield. The first basic is that green plants have microscopic “windows,” called stomata, which can be opened or closed as needed. The windows are used by plants to exchange gases from the atmosphere. During photosynthesis ...
... and what they need for their growth, we can do an even better job of increasing yield. The first basic is that green plants have microscopic “windows,” called stomata, which can be opened or closed as needed. The windows are used by plants to exchange gases from the atmosphere. During photosynthesis ...
Spring 2011 Easy Growing
... (and sometimes curbing) their ability to spread, hybridizers adore them. It’s relatively easy for the amateur to create a new variety by mingling the pollen from one to another. Seeds are collected and planted, indoors or out. In a year or two, the results are visible. Imagine the glory of crea ...
... (and sometimes curbing) their ability to spread, hybridizers adore them. It’s relatively easy for the amateur to create a new variety by mingling the pollen from one to another. Seeds are collected and planted, indoors or out. In a year or two, the results are visible. Imagine the glory of crea ...
1 The Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle of Forest Ecosystems
... however, it assimilates inorganic N and releases organic N in form of litter. Depending on conditions, the N cycle shows a number of nested cycles during decomposition. Mycorrhizae are capable of breaking down proteins (Abuzinadah and Read 1986) and most likely contribute to the capacity of plants t ...
... however, it assimilates inorganic N and releases organic N in form of litter. Depending on conditions, the N cycle shows a number of nested cycles during decomposition. Mycorrhizae are capable of breaking down proteins (Abuzinadah and Read 1986) and most likely contribute to the capacity of plants t ...
1 The Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle of Forest Ecosystems
... however, it assimilates inorganic N and releases organic N in form of litter. Depending on conditions, the N cycle shows a number of nested cycles during decomposition. Mycorrhizae are capable of breaking down proteins (Abuzinadah and Read 1986) and most likely contribute to the capacity of plants t ...
... however, it assimilates inorganic N and releases organic N in form of litter. Depending on conditions, the N cycle shows a number of nested cycles during decomposition. Mycorrhizae are capable of breaking down proteins (Abuzinadah and Read 1986) and most likely contribute to the capacity of plants t ...
DO NOW: Answer questions 1-4. 1. Why does photosynthesis
... (4) It obtains nutrients from its environment. 2. Decomposers are necessary in an ecosystem because they (1) produce food for plants by the process of photosynthesis (2) provide energy for plants by the process of decay (3) can rapidly reproduce and evolve (4) make inorganic materials available to p ...
... (4) It obtains nutrients from its environment. 2. Decomposers are necessary in an ecosystem because they (1) produce food for plants by the process of photosynthesis (2) provide energy for plants by the process of decay (3) can rapidly reproduce and evolve (4) make inorganic materials available to p ...
Catchweed Bedstraw
... associated with the Mint family Leaves are linear, with bristly hairs, and in whorls of 6 to 8 Stems are weak and get easily tangled around legs or other plants Fruits (seed pods) are covered with fine hooked hair and cling to wool, fur, and clothing Plants will grow to 80 inches long Also known as ...
... associated with the Mint family Leaves are linear, with bristly hairs, and in whorls of 6 to 8 Stems are weak and get easily tangled around legs or other plants Fruits (seed pods) are covered with fine hooked hair and cling to wool, fur, and clothing Plants will grow to 80 inches long Also known as ...
The Biochemical Sequence
... Obviously without robust transport, nowhere near as much nutrient reaches the leaves or is stored in the fruits. Chemical agriculture gets around this to some extent, since-even with a weak transport system-anything that is highly soluble, such as potassium nitrate, is simply taken up along with wat ...
... Obviously without robust transport, nowhere near as much nutrient reaches the leaves or is stored in the fruits. Chemical agriculture gets around this to some extent, since-even with a weak transport system-anything that is highly soluble, such as potassium nitrate, is simply taken up along with wat ...
Review Material for Plant form and function
... potato tuber is (are) – diffusion due to concentration differences and bulk flow due to pressure differences. – pressure flow through the phloem. – active transport due to the hydrolysis of ATP and ion transport into the tuber cells. – determined by the structure and function of the tonoplast of the ...
... potato tuber is (are) – diffusion due to concentration differences and bulk flow due to pressure differences. – pressure flow through the phloem. – active transport due to the hydrolysis of ATP and ion transport into the tuber cells. – determined by the structure and function of the tonoplast of the ...
Indian Pink – An Exotic Native
... Spigelia is a member of the Loganiaceae, a family that consists mostly of tropical genera and may in part explain the tropical appearance of Indian Pink’s flowers! The name of the genus was penned by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, in honor of the Flemish physician and botanical author Adriaan van den Spiege ...
... Spigelia is a member of the Loganiaceae, a family that consists mostly of tropical genera and may in part explain the tropical appearance of Indian Pink’s flowers! The name of the genus was penned by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, in honor of the Flemish physician and botanical author Adriaan van den Spiege ...
Functions of Plant Parts
... * Be able to explain the importance and function of the following plant parts: • stem • roots • leaf • fruit • flower ...
... * Be able to explain the importance and function of the following plant parts: • stem • roots • leaf • fruit • flower ...
Plant nutrition
.jpg?width=300)
Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.