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Plant Study Guide 1. Four main parts of the plant a. Roots b. Stems c. Leaves d. Flowers 2. Roots-the underground foundation of a plant; they anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals, which travel to all other parts of the plant; some roots store food. 3. two main types of roots a. taproots-main root that stores food; ex. Carrot and dandelion b. fibrous roots-a system of branching roots; ex. Grass 4. stem- the part of the plant that connects its roots and leaves; it is the plant’s main support above the ground; it hold up the leaves and flowers 5. leaf-a plant part that grows out of the stem; is the food-making factory of a plant 6. Broadleaf trees such as maple and oak have broad, flat leaves. They are shaped this way so that the greatest amount of leaf can be exposed to the sun. Deciduous trees lose their leaves each fall to reduce water loss through the stomata. 7. Needle leaf trees such as pine, spruce and fir have leaves shaped to reduce water loss. Cactus spines and conifer needles have waxy coatings that seal in moisture. 8. Photosynthesis- the process by which plants make their own food. The leaves trap energy from the sun. Carbon dioxide comes through tiny holes on the surface of the leaf. Water moves up the root, through the stem, and into the leaves. Water carbon dioxides are changed into food, and oxygen is released into the air. The leaf then makes a sugary substance called glucose, which is carried to all part of the plant through the stem. 9. simple leaves-single, undivided 10. Compound leaves-two or more leaflets 11. flower- the reproductive part of the flowering plant 12. Pollination-the process in which pollen grains are distributed from one plant to another. 13. How plants are pollinateda. bees b. butterflies c. wind d. birds and bats e. humans 14. Part of plants we eat: corn, wheat, and rice are all seeds; lettuce, spinach, and cabbage are leaves; carrots, beets, and radishes roots; celery and asparagus are stems; beans and peas are seeds; cinnamon comes from the bark of the laurel tree 15. uses of plants: food, medicine, produce oxygen, provide shade, help prevent erosion 16. starch- extra glucose stored by plants 17. Roots grow downward, toward the center of the Earth. Leaves and stem grow toward a light source. Roots tend to grow toward moisture, when in dry soil they grow very slowly or not at all. 18. Life cycle of a plant-Seeds germinate and grow. Leaves and flowers grow on plants. Flowers are pollinated and produce seeds. The seeds are scattered, germinate and new plants begin to grow. 19. germination- the early growth of a plant; sprouting 20. THINGS SEEDS NEED TO GERMINATE A. warm temperature B. moisture 21. fruit- the fruit protects the seeds as they grow 22. The two main groups of plants are seed plants and nonseed plants. 23. Nonseed plants reproduce with spores. Ex. Mosses and ferns 24. The two main groups of seed plants are flowering plants and conifers. 25. Conifers are cone-bearing plants; produce seeds in cones. 26. The two types of flowering plants are MONOCOTS and DICOTS. 27. Cotyledon- the food storing part of the seed 28. THREE WAYS TO IDENTIFY MONOCOTS AND DICOTS Monocots Dicots a. One seed part a. Two seed parts b. Leaf veins are parallel b. Leaf veins form net-like structure (branch-like) c. Petals in groups of 3’s c. Petals in groups of 4 or 5 27. Classify- to group objects together that have similar characteristics 28. Adaptation- any trait that enables an organism to survive. Its adaptations are related to its habitat, or where it lives 29. HOW SEEDS ARE SCATTERED: a. Animals- buried, eaten, or stick to fur b. Wind- lightweight, with hairs, wing, or other shapes to catch the wind c. Float on water- grow in or near water d. Scattered by the plant e. Humans 30. CHARACTERISTICS OF BROADLEAF TREES a. Broad, flat leaves b. Deciduous c. Hardwood d. Have flowers that become fruits 31. CHARACTERISTICS OF NEEDLELEAF TREES a. Evergreen-have green needles year-round b. Softwood c. No flowers d. Cones 32. PARTS OF THE FLOWER a. Petals- colorful, showy to attract bees, birds, butterflies b. Pistil-the female part that is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary c. Stamen- the male part which is made up of the anther and filament; the anther holds the pollen grains d. Flower stalk/stem-holds up the flower