PLANT EVOLUTION DISPLAY Handout Welcome to UCSC
... gametes. The gametes (egg and sperm) will fuse to form a zygote that grows into a mature diploid (2n) organism called a sporophyte. The sporophyte will undergo meiosis in some region of the plant and (1n) spores will be produced. This alternation between gametophyte generation and sporophyte generat ...
... gametes. The gametes (egg and sperm) will fuse to form a zygote that grows into a mature diploid (2n) organism called a sporophyte. The sporophyte will undergo meiosis in some region of the plant and (1n) spores will be produced. This alternation between gametophyte generation and sporophyte generat ...
Dracaena Surculosa, Spotted Leaf Dracaena
... The best way to grow dracaenas is to buy a small one from us and plant it in a simple pot. After that, the necessary care is very simple. Plants that are dark green usually require less light than those that have any kind of colour in their leaves. The less light a plant has, the slower it grows. Th ...
... The best way to grow dracaenas is to buy a small one from us and plant it in a simple pot. After that, the necessary care is very simple. Plants that are dark green usually require less light than those that have any kind of colour in their leaves. The less light a plant has, the slower it grows. Th ...
Soil N contents influenced by Insects
... affect the utilization of soil nutrients by the new community. • 6. Herbivory may influence root exudates or interactions between roots and their symbionts, both of which are known to influence nutrient dynamics. • 7. Herbivores can influence the structure of plant canopies and the cover that they p ...
... affect the utilization of soil nutrients by the new community. • 6. Herbivory may influence root exudates or interactions between roots and their symbionts, both of which are known to influence nutrient dynamics. • 7. Herbivores can influence the structure of plant canopies and the cover that they p ...
PLANTS
... two types of tissue: xylem and phloem 1. Xylem = dead cells with thick cell walls that transport water and minerals up a plant to other plant parts. = “wood” is xylem tissue ...
... two types of tissue: xylem and phloem 1. Xylem = dead cells with thick cell walls that transport water and minerals up a plant to other plant parts. = “wood” is xylem tissue ...
Name: MACROMOLECULES Date: I. ELEMENTS AND
... and nucleic acids such as DNA & RNA). Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P).The body also ...
... and nucleic acids such as DNA & RNA). Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P).The body also ...
Here is a list of soil tests
... Dispersion is caused by an interaction between the sodium ions and the particular type of clay. The sodium displaces other useful ions such as K+, Ca++, NH4+, Zn++, Cu++ etc and then destroys the soil structure. When the water evaporates, the individual particles of soil settle into a compacted impe ...
... Dispersion is caused by an interaction between the sodium ions and the particular type of clay. The sodium displaces other useful ions such as K+, Ca++, NH4+, Zn++, Cu++ etc and then destroys the soil structure. When the water evaporates, the individual particles of soil settle into a compacted impe ...
Anthropic changes to the biotic factor of soil formation from forests to
... type, and the A horizon thickness was recorded at each core hole site. In addition, one complete soil profile was sampled in each vegetation type at each site, making a total of 20 core samples and 4 complete profiles from each respective vegetation type. In addition, we measured the magnetic suscep ...
... type, and the A horizon thickness was recorded at each core hole site. In addition, one complete soil profile was sampled in each vegetation type at each site, making a total of 20 core samples and 4 complete profiles from each respective vegetation type. In addition, we measured the magnetic suscep ...
Different Methods of Reproduction
... • Mosses and liverworts live in damp places so that they can soak in water from cell to cell without xylem and phloem tubes • Nonvascular plants are smaller than vascular because of this • Nonvascular plants do NOT have roots, stems and leaves, but have parts that look similar • Nonvascular plants d ...
... • Mosses and liverworts live in damp places so that they can soak in water from cell to cell without xylem and phloem tubes • Nonvascular plants are smaller than vascular because of this • Nonvascular plants do NOT have roots, stems and leaves, but have parts that look similar • Nonvascular plants d ...
23. ______ layers of ______ make up the cell
... 17. Amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of ________ in a process called ____________. 18. Chains of amino acids make _______________ which can join together to make a __________. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up ...
... 17. Amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of ________ in a process called ____________. 18. Chains of amino acids make _______________ which can join together to make a __________. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up ...
Plant Structure 1 The ability of molecules of one substance to stick to
... A raised opening (pore) in the bark of a woody stem formed by loosely arranged cells with air spaces between them to facilitate gaseous exchange. Tip of shoots and roots of plants. Area of active cell division (mitosis) which produces ‘simple’ cells which later undergo elongation and differentiatio ...
... A raised opening (pore) in the bark of a woody stem formed by loosely arranged cells with air spaces between them to facilitate gaseous exchange. Tip of shoots and roots of plants. Area of active cell division (mitosis) which produces ‘simple’ cells which later undergo elongation and differentiatio ...
Plant ID Week 5
... are perennial flowering shrubs that can grow to ten feet tall. But they are not cold tolerant. The showy colored parts that looks like the flowers are actually colored bracts (modified leaves). The flower is the tiny center yellow part called “cyathia.” ...
... are perennial flowering shrubs that can grow to ten feet tall. But they are not cold tolerant. The showy colored parts that looks like the flowers are actually colored bracts (modified leaves). The flower is the tiny center yellow part called “cyathia.” ...
Basic Plant Structure
... What kind of environmental conditions would be required for reproduction in these plants? What kinds of limits does external reproduction impose on these plants? ...
... What kind of environmental conditions would be required for reproduction in these plants? What kinds of limits does external reproduction impose on these plants? ...
Seed Plants
... Root Structure • The root cap is a structure that covers and protects the tip of the root as it grows. Just behind the root cap is a region that contains growth tissue, where new cells are formed. ...
... Root Structure • The root cap is a structure that covers and protects the tip of the root as it grows. Just behind the root cap is a region that contains growth tissue, where new cells are formed. ...
Practice Quiz II - mvhs
... 4. Regulation of stomatal opening and closing is important to plant growth. There are many triggers that cause the stomata to be open or closed. One of these triggers is Abscissic Acid. Abscissic Acid causes stomata to close. Suppose you treat a plant with Abscissic Acid. a) Will there be a HIGH or ...
... 4. Regulation of stomatal opening and closing is important to plant growth. There are many triggers that cause the stomata to be open or closed. One of these triggers is Abscissic Acid. Abscissic Acid causes stomata to close. Suppose you treat a plant with Abscissic Acid. a) Will there be a HIGH or ...
How Often and How Long to Water
... How Often and How Long to Water It’s not easy to determine a plant’s exact water needs because many factors influence the amount of water a plant requires—plant type, maturity, soils, weather, location and root depth. Although many desert-adapted plants can survive on rainfall (e.g. plants labeled w ...
... How Often and How Long to Water It’s not easy to determine a plant’s exact water needs because many factors influence the amount of water a plant requires—plant type, maturity, soils, weather, location and root depth. Although many desert-adapted plants can survive on rainfall (e.g. plants labeled w ...
seed
... Ovule becomes the seed coat which protects the embryo. The zygote divides becoming the embryo. The 3N central cell develops into the endosperm which is ...
... Ovule becomes the seed coat which protects the embryo. The zygote divides becoming the embryo. The 3N central cell develops into the endosperm which is ...
plant kingdom - introduction and classification
... PLANT KINGDOM - INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION PLANT KINGDOM ...
... PLANT KINGDOM - INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION PLANT KINGDOM ...
Which Way Is Up? - Kansas Foundation for Agriculture in the
... seeds. Potting soil is place on the inside of the paper towel and more seeds are planted there. The plants then are compared to germination time, height, and leaves. Objectives 1. Students will understand what conditions affect the growth of a plant from a seed. 2. Students will identify which tropi ...
... seeds. Potting soil is place on the inside of the paper towel and more seeds are planted there. The plants then are compared to germination time, height, and leaves. Objectives 1. Students will understand what conditions affect the growth of a plant from a seed. 2. Students will identify which tropi ...
Xylem
... Protect against water loss & invasion by pathogens (viruses, bacteria) Cuticle: waxy layer ...
... Protect against water loss & invasion by pathogens (viruses, bacteria) Cuticle: waxy layer ...
Plant nutrition
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Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.