Genetic control of age-related gene expression and complex traits in
... include AMACR, a peroxisomal enzyme whose mutation in humans has been observed to result in adult-onset sensory motory neuropathy (Ferdinandusse et al. 2000) and GAL, which codes for the neuropeptide galanin, whose immunoreactive fibers hyperinnervate cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (Coun ...
... include AMACR, a peroxisomal enzyme whose mutation in humans has been observed to result in adult-onset sensory motory neuropathy (Ferdinandusse et al. 2000) and GAL, which codes for the neuropeptide galanin, whose immunoreactive fibers hyperinnervate cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (Coun ...
DSP-4 (N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine)
... equal numbers of cells capable of being driven by either eye, to a skewed distribution in which most cells respond only or most strongly to the nondeprived eye (for reviews see Movshon and Van Sluyters, 1981; Sherman and Spear, 1982). Kasamatsu and Pettigrew (1976, 1979) have proposed that this muta ...
... equal numbers of cells capable of being driven by either eye, to a skewed distribution in which most cells respond only or most strongly to the nondeprived eye (for reviews see Movshon and Van Sluyters, 1981; Sherman and Spear, 1982). Kasamatsu and Pettigrew (1976, 1979) have proposed that this muta ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... performance. They reported both reference memory (RM) and working memory (working memory) impairments on MWM task performance after RE inactivation. First, it was shown that pretraining RE inactivation led to significant RM impairments on the acquisition stage of the task, but did not produce defici ...
... performance. They reported both reference memory (RM) and working memory (working memory) impairments on MWM task performance after RE inactivation. First, it was shown that pretraining RE inactivation led to significant RM impairments on the acquisition stage of the task, but did not produce defici ...
Molecular anatomical investigation of the 2
... research has shown that DGL-α is also concentrated in a perisynaptic annulus (see in details the Results section), which was confirmed by others (Yoshida et al., 2006). The Homer scaffold proteins are important to provide a platform for the macromolecular complex involved in 2-AG synthesis (Brakeman ...
... research has shown that DGL-α is also concentrated in a perisynaptic annulus (see in details the Results section), which was confirmed by others (Yoshida et al., 2006). The Homer scaffold proteins are important to provide a platform for the macromolecular complex involved in 2-AG synthesis (Brakeman ...
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... Even the highly robust cortical map reorganization that follows peripheral denervation is blocked by NB lesions. Many studies using acute preparations have shown that electrical stimulation of the NB (8) or local administration of acetylcholine (ACh) (9) can modulate stimulus-evoked single-unit resp ...
... Even the highly robust cortical map reorganization that follows peripheral denervation is blocked by NB lesions. Many studies using acute preparations have shown that electrical stimulation of the NB (8) or local administration of acetylcholine (ACh) (9) can modulate stimulus-evoked single-unit resp ...
Age-associated hyper-methylated regions in the human brain
... difference = 2.28, P = 0.0016; adult, fold difference = 4.73, P = 4.0061025); this trend was markedly more pronounced in adults when only the top 100 most significantly hypo- and hyper-methylated sites were considered (adult, fold difference = 10.7, P = 2.0061025). Interestingly, we found that bival ...
... difference = 2.28, P = 0.0016; adult, fold difference = 4.73, P = 4.0061025); this trend was markedly more pronounced in adults when only the top 100 most significantly hypo- and hyper-methylated sites were considered (adult, fold difference = 10.7, P = 2.0061025). Interestingly, we found that bival ...
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
... mice, either wild-type mice, or KO mice, with and without dysfunction of the P2X4 receptor by knockout or after shRNA treatment. I have been studying the physiology of neurons of the VTA in brain slices from rats and mice since 1985, and I have used a number of electrophysiological techniques (extra ...
... mice, either wild-type mice, or KO mice, with and without dysfunction of the P2X4 receptor by knockout or after shRNA treatment. I have been studying the physiology of neurons of the VTA in brain slices from rats and mice since 1985, and I have used a number of electrophysiological techniques (extra ...
The “Conscious” Dorsal Stream - Università degli Studi di Parma
... FST, V3A, and V6, and culminates in the inferior parietal lobule, and a ventral stream, which includes visual areas V3 and V4, and culminates in the inferior temporal cortex. The dorsal stream is responsible for perception of space, while the ventral stream for object perception. An equally influent ...
... FST, V3A, and V6, and culminates in the inferior parietal lobule, and a ventral stream, which includes visual areas V3 and V4, and culminates in the inferior temporal cortex. The dorsal stream is responsible for perception of space, while the ventral stream for object perception. An equally influent ...
Cerebral atrophy and its relation to cognitive impairment in
... likely also cause partial volume effects that could have accounted for our previous result. Reduced gray matter density was also observed in the thalamus and caudate in D-PD patients. These subcortical atrophic changes are consistent with a previous pathologic study in D-PD patients33 and two recent ...
... likely also cause partial volume effects that could have accounted for our previous result. Reduced gray matter density was also observed in the thalamus and caudate in D-PD patients. These subcortical atrophic changes are consistent with a previous pathologic study in D-PD patients33 and two recent ...
“Conscious” Dorsal Stream
... FST, V3A, and V6, and culminates in the inferior parietal lobule, and a ventral stream, which includes visual areas V3 and V4, and culminates in the inferior temporal cortex. The dorsal stream is responsible for perception of space, while the ventral stream for object perception. An equally influent ...
... FST, V3A, and V6, and culminates in the inferior parietal lobule, and a ventral stream, which includes visual areas V3 and V4, and culminates in the inferior temporal cortex. The dorsal stream is responsible for perception of space, while the ventral stream for object perception. An equally influent ...
Cortex - Anatomy and Physiology
... 1. Three types of functional areas – Motor areas—control voluntary movement – Sensory areas—conscious awareness of sensation – Association areas—integrate diverse ...
... 1. Three types of functional areas – Motor areas—control voluntary movement – Sensory areas—conscious awareness of sensation – Association areas—integrate diverse ...
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... symptoms (NMS). NMS which comprise cognitive changes, emotional dysregulation, anxiety, apathy, depression, and sensory symptoms such as pain may antedate motor symptoms and affect the majority – if not all – of PD patients in time [9]. With PD progression, NMS can be more disabling than the motor s ...
... symptoms (NMS). NMS which comprise cognitive changes, emotional dysregulation, anxiety, apathy, depression, and sensory symptoms such as pain may antedate motor symptoms and affect the majority – if not all – of PD patients in time [9]. With PD progression, NMS can be more disabling than the motor s ...
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... Through three types of attentions, the WWN-2 addresses the general attention recognition problem as follows: presented with an object of interest in an unknown complex background, direct attention to the object, recognize it and tell its retinal position. ...
... Through three types of attentions, the WWN-2 addresses the general attention recognition problem as follows: presented with an object of interest in an unknown complex background, direct attention to the object, recognize it and tell its retinal position. ...
CNS Slide Show
... • stellate cells – have spheroid somas with dendrites projecting in all directions – receive sensory input and process information on a local level • pyramidal cells – tall, and conical, with apex toward the brain surface – a thick dendrite with many branches with small, knobby dendritic spines – in ...
... • stellate cells – have spheroid somas with dendrites projecting in all directions – receive sensory input and process information on a local level • pyramidal cells – tall, and conical, with apex toward the brain surface – a thick dendrite with many branches with small, knobby dendritic spines – in ...
The ventral striatum in goal-directed behavior and - UvA-DARE
... lobe resection to relieve severe epileptic attacks. As a consequence of the surgical intervention, H.M. lost the ability to form new memories of facts and events. In addition to this anterograde amnesia, H.M. could not recall events that preceded the surgery by several years, whereas more remote mem ...
... lobe resection to relieve severe epileptic attacks. As a consequence of the surgical intervention, H.M. lost the ability to form new memories of facts and events. In addition to this anterograde amnesia, H.M. could not recall events that preceded the surgery by several years, whereas more remote mem ...
LiebermanSSSP2002REV - Sydney Symposium of Social
... or flight’ response implicating the amygdala as part of an automatic avoidance system. Alternatively, the basal ganglia seem to serve as part of an automatic approach system, responding to various predictors of reward (Depue & Collins, 1999; Lieberman, 2000a; Schultz, 1998). Neuroimaging studies of ...
... or flight’ response implicating the amygdala as part of an automatic avoidance system. Alternatively, the basal ganglia seem to serve as part of an automatic approach system, responding to various predictors of reward (Depue & Collins, 1999; Lieberman, 2000a; Schultz, 1998). Neuroimaging studies of ...
Place cells, neocortex and spatial navigation: a short review
... associations of cues from that environment. 3.3. Visual cortex lesions Because hippocampal place cells rely on both visual and motion-related information to maintain stable firing fields (see above), we recently have started to look at the consequences of neocortical damage in areas con- ...
... associations of cues from that environment. 3.3. Visual cortex lesions Because hippocampal place cells rely on both visual and motion-related information to maintain stable firing fields (see above), we recently have started to look at the consequences of neocortical damage in areas con- ...
Field effects in the CNS play functional roles
... An endogenous electrical field effect, i.e., ephaptic transmission, occurs when an electric field associated with activity occurring in one neuron polarizes the membrane of another neuron. It is well established that field effects occur during pathological conditions, such as epilepsy, but less clea ...
... An endogenous electrical field effect, i.e., ephaptic transmission, occurs when an electric field associated with activity occurring in one neuron polarizes the membrane of another neuron. It is well established that field effects occur during pathological conditions, such as epilepsy, but less clea ...
Hippocampal Formation
... a single packed layer, quite unlike the neocortex where pyramidal cells are spread over several layers. By contrast the dentate gyrus contains no pyramidal cells, but is densely packed with smaller granule cells, 18 million in the human brain. In addition to these cells, a variety of interneurons a ...
... a single packed layer, quite unlike the neocortex where pyramidal cells are spread over several layers. By contrast the dentate gyrus contains no pyramidal cells, but is densely packed with smaller granule cells, 18 million in the human brain. In addition to these cells, a variety of interneurons a ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... in hippocampal-dependent learning tasks is observed between mice of different strains [49, 112]. Environment also has a major impact on AHN (this will be discussed in detail later), and changes in neurogenesis induced by the environment correlates with performance in hippocampaldependent learning ta ...
... in hippocampal-dependent learning tasks is observed between mice of different strains [49, 112]. Environment also has a major impact on AHN (this will be discussed in detail later), and changes in neurogenesis induced by the environment correlates with performance in hippocampaldependent learning ta ...
Gaze effects in the cerebral cortex: reference frames for
... This was achieved by varying the location of the cue or limb movement direction independently of one another, while orbital eye position remained the same. For example, a red cue could appear at different locations for a single fixation point, but its instructional meaning was always the same (move ...
... This was achieved by varying the location of the cue or limb movement direction independently of one another, while orbital eye position remained the same. For example, a red cue could appear at different locations for a single fixation point, but its instructional meaning was always the same (move ...
Lewy body pathology is associated with mitochondrial DNA damage
... and NFT pathology with mtDNA damage at the single-neuron level. In neurons, heteroplasmy levels >60% are believed to cause RC dysfunction, determined by COX deficiency (Bender et al., 2006). If protein aggregation was caused by this mechanism, LB- and NFTpositive neurons would be expected to be predo ...
... and NFT pathology with mtDNA damage at the single-neuron level. In neurons, heteroplasmy levels >60% are believed to cause RC dysfunction, determined by COX deficiency (Bender et al., 2006). If protein aggregation was caused by this mechanism, LB- and NFTpositive neurons would be expected to be predo ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... auditory representations are transformed into motor commands is not known. Here we use a perceptual decision-making task in rats to study this transformation. We demonstrate the role of corticostriatal projection neurons in auditory decisions by manipulating the activity of these neurons in rats per ...
... auditory representations are transformed into motor commands is not known. Here we use a perceptual decision-making task in rats to study this transformation. We demonstrate the role of corticostriatal projection neurons in auditory decisions by manipulating the activity of these neurons in rats per ...
Lecture #11 Brain and processing
... Cortical areas have been mapped out in diagrammatic form Homunculus provides indication of degree of fine motor control available: – hands, face, and tongue, which are capable of varied and complex movements, appear very large, while trunk is relatively small – these proportions are similar to t ...
... Cortical areas have been mapped out in diagrammatic form Homunculus provides indication of degree of fine motor control available: – hands, face, and tongue, which are capable of varied and complex movements, appear very large, while trunk is relatively small – these proportions are similar to t ...
before ethics and morality
... have documented that such infants can die when emotional deprivation is severe. This has been called “marasmus” and occurs even when the physical, nutritional, and medical care of the infant is satisfactory. John Bowiby created much controversy with his retrospective study of the home lives of 44 ju ...
... have documented that such infants can die when emotional deprivation is severe. This has been called “marasmus” and occurs even when the physical, nutritional, and medical care of the infant is satisfactory. John Bowiby created much controversy with his retrospective study of the home lives of 44 ju ...