memory and cognition - Global Anatomy Home Page
... cortices serve as convergence zones where information from different modalities can be put together in a form of a global memory of a situation (if this did not happen, memories would be fragmented!). The parahippocampal cortex receives projections primarily from the parietal cortex/dorsal visual st ...
... cortices serve as convergence zones where information from different modalities can be put together in a form of a global memory of a situation (if this did not happen, memories would be fragmented!). The parahippocampal cortex receives projections primarily from the parietal cortex/dorsal visual st ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, and this has led to some researchers emphasizing the similarities whereas others focus on the differences. In general, despite of ...
... humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, and this has led to some researchers emphasizing the similarities whereas others focus on the differences. In general, despite of ...
Central Emotional System
... Hypothalamus & emotional response Hess localized the James & Lange emotional response to the hypothalamus: Modulates the visceral reflexes. Stimulation in vivo provokes site-dependent autonomic states, i.e., anger ↑, BP↑, pupillary constriction, hair-erection, arching of the back. ...
... Hypothalamus & emotional response Hess localized the James & Lange emotional response to the hypothalamus: Modulates the visceral reflexes. Stimulation in vivo provokes site-dependent autonomic states, i.e., anger ↑, BP↑, pupillary constriction, hair-erection, arching of the back. ...
The caudal part of the frontal cortex is strongly involved - LIRA-Lab
... which maps observed actions on the observer’s internal motor representations (mirror neurons). As briefly described above, area F5 is located in the rostral part of the ventral premotor cortex and consists of two main sectors: F5c, located on the cortical convexity and F5ab, forming the posterior ba ...
... which maps observed actions on the observer’s internal motor representations (mirror neurons). As briefly described above, area F5 is located in the rostral part of the ventral premotor cortex and consists of two main sectors: F5c, located on the cortical convexity and F5ab, forming the posterior ba ...
InterimSummary The Nature of Learning
... important one. It involves an association between two stimuli. A stimulus that previously had little effect on behavior becomes able to evoke a reflexive, species-typical behavior. For example, a defensive eyeblink response can be conditioned to a tone. If we direct a brief puff of air toward a rabb ...
... important one. It involves an association between two stimuli. A stimulus that previously had little effect on behavior becomes able to evoke a reflexive, species-typical behavior. For example, a defensive eyeblink response can be conditioned to a tone. If we direct a brief puff of air toward a rabb ...
Visuomotor neurons: ambiguity of the discharge or `motor` perception?
... One of the strongest dogmas in clinical neurophysiology is that conveyed by the simiusculi and homunculi of Woolsey ŽWoolsey, 1958. and Penfield ŽPenfield and Rasmussen, 1950.. No one among all neuroscience textbooks fails to represent the suggestive picture of the two dwarfs with enormous hands and ...
... One of the strongest dogmas in clinical neurophysiology is that conveyed by the simiusculi and homunculi of Woolsey ŽWoolsey, 1958. and Penfield ŽPenfield and Rasmussen, 1950.. No one among all neuroscience textbooks fails to represent the suggestive picture of the two dwarfs with enormous hands and ...
CASE 47
... The basal ganglia, located near the thalamus in the diencephalon, are composed of five pairs of nuclei: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefro ...
... The basal ganglia, located near the thalamus in the diencephalon, are composed of five pairs of nuclei: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefro ...
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
... However, there is some evidence that high-frequency rTMS (10 to 20 Hz) may increase cortical excitability, while low-frequency TMS (1 Hz) may reduce cortical excitability. Speer et al21 demonstrated that high-frequency rTMS (20 Hz) applied to the left DLPFC increases cerebral blood flow over this re ...
... However, there is some evidence that high-frequency rTMS (10 to 20 Hz) may increase cortical excitability, while low-frequency TMS (1 Hz) may reduce cortical excitability. Speer et al21 demonstrated that high-frequency rTMS (20 Hz) applied to the left DLPFC increases cerebral blood flow over this re ...
Computational cognitive neuroscience: 10. Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)
... • The ventromedial areas of PFC (VMPFC) including the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) have been shown to encode the affective value of different sensory stimuli, consistent with the idea that they are the "hot what" areas. ...
... • The ventromedial areas of PFC (VMPFC) including the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) have been shown to encode the affective value of different sensory stimuli, consistent with the idea that they are the "hot what" areas. ...
12 - Mrs. Jensen's Science Classroom
... 1. Three types of functional areas – Motor areas—control voluntary movement – Sensory areas—conscious awareness of sensation – Association areas—integrate diverse ...
... 1. Three types of functional areas – Motor areas—control voluntary movement – Sensory areas—conscious awareness of sensation – Association areas—integrate diverse ...
What light have resting state fMRI studies shed on cognition and
... task-based studies, wherein participants perform scannercompatible assignments while BOLD signals are recorded [6]. These usually involve manual responses to audio/ visual cues, which minimizes movement. With creative design, task-based studies can target a wide array of motoric, cognitive, and even ...
... task-based studies, wherein participants perform scannercompatible assignments while BOLD signals are recorded [6]. These usually involve manual responses to audio/ visual cues, which minimizes movement. With creative design, task-based studies can target a wide array of motoric, cognitive, and even ...
BIOL161
... Participation – This course is not a lecture course. Each student, by their active involvement, will ensure a learning environment in which the instructor will serve as facilitator. Each of us, including the instructor, will learn from each other, expounding upon our experiences while building upon ...
... Participation – This course is not a lecture course. Each student, by their active involvement, will ensure a learning environment in which the instructor will serve as facilitator. Each of us, including the instructor, will learn from each other, expounding upon our experiences while building upon ...
The honeybee as a model for understanding the basis of cognition
... Small brains, like those of insects, are thought to control behaviour by hard-wired neural connections determined by developmental programmes and triggered by external stimuli1. Such an argument assumes that experience-dependent rewiring of networks during learning is more demanding and thus more ‘n ...
... Small brains, like those of insects, are thought to control behaviour by hard-wired neural connections determined by developmental programmes and triggered by external stimuli1. Such an argument assumes that experience-dependent rewiring of networks during learning is more demanding and thus more ‘n ...
Structural divisions and functional fields in the human cerebral cortex 1
... Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex should be made on multiple criteria based on quantitative measurements of microstructural variables, such as neuron densities, neurotransmitter receptor densities, enzyme densities, etc. Because of the inter-individual variations of extent an ...
... Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex should be made on multiple criteria based on quantitative measurements of microstructural variables, such as neuron densities, neurotransmitter receptor densities, enzyme densities, etc. Because of the inter-individual variations of extent an ...
Ascorbic acid treatment, similarly to fluoxetine, reverses depressive
... The behavioral experiments were conducted using female Swiss mice (30e40 g), maintained at 20e22 C with free access to water and food, under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle, with lights on at 7:00 a.m. The animals were caged in groups of 15 in a 41 34 16 cm cage. All behavioral tests were carried o ...
... The behavioral experiments were conducted using female Swiss mice (30e40 g), maintained at 20e22 C with free access to water and food, under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle, with lights on at 7:00 a.m. The animals were caged in groups of 15 in a 41 34 16 cm cage. All behavioral tests were carried o ...
Neuroanatomy Final Review Notes by Russ Beach
... -upper lip (lingual gyrus) corresponds to upper vision, receives fibers that traveled through temp. lobe -upper lip (cuneus): corresponds to lower vision, receives fibers that traveled through the parietal lobe. -Superior Nasal fields -------Inferior Retina----LGN------Temporal lobe (meyer’s loop)-- ...
... -upper lip (lingual gyrus) corresponds to upper vision, receives fibers that traveled through temp. lobe -upper lip (cuneus): corresponds to lower vision, receives fibers that traveled through the parietal lobe. -Superior Nasal fields -------Inferior Retina----LGN------Temporal lobe (meyer’s loop)-- ...
Harding, G. W. and A. L. Towe. 1995. Neuron Response to Direct
... inhibition was addressed by Towe, et al. (1976) through a model for estimating the sign and magnitude of the modulation of wide-field neuron excitability which is produced by local small-field neurons after skin stimulation. The model predicts that electrical stimulation of the nearby cortical surfa ...
... inhibition was addressed by Towe, et al. (1976) through a model for estimating the sign and magnitude of the modulation of wide-field neuron excitability which is produced by local small-field neurons after skin stimulation. The model predicts that electrical stimulation of the nearby cortical surfa ...
Biology 358 — Neuroanatomy First Exam
... between 2-5 questions on every exam are ambiguous enough to come out “aberrant” on an item analysis the total number of points possible on this exam is 104. However, grades will be calculated out of a possible 100 points. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ...
... between 2-5 questions on every exam are ambiguous enough to come out “aberrant” on an item analysis the total number of points possible on this exam is 104. However, grades will be calculated out of a possible 100 points. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ...
Removing some `A` from AI: Embodied Cultured Networks
... Creating a neurally controlled robot that handles a specific task begins with a hypothesis of how information is encoded in the brain. Much remains to be determined, but numerous schemes have been proposed, most based on the quantity and/or relative timing of the firing of neural signals. A neural n ...
... Creating a neurally controlled robot that handles a specific task begins with a hypothesis of how information is encoded in the brain. Much remains to be determined, but numerous schemes have been proposed, most based on the quantity and/or relative timing of the firing of neural signals. A neural n ...
Trial and Error – Optogenetic techniques offer insight into the
... that dopamine neurons use simple subtraction (9) [see the figure (B)]. Although this arithmetic is assumed in computational models, it is remarkably rare in the brain; division is much more common, as exemplified by gain control in sensory systems. However, subtraction is an ideal calculation becaus ...
... that dopamine neurons use simple subtraction (9) [see the figure (B)]. Although this arithmetic is assumed in computational models, it is remarkably rare in the brain; division is much more common, as exemplified by gain control in sensory systems. However, subtraction is an ideal calculation becaus ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... can normally be found in the cortex of the temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, establishing synaptic contacts with local and distant neurons; these contacts contribute to the normal horizontal and columnar stratifica ...
... can normally be found in the cortex of the temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, establishing synaptic contacts with local and distant neurons; these contacts contribute to the normal horizontal and columnar stratifica ...
22_LectureSlides
... • Feed-forward control-predictive – Response anticipates stimulus – More timely, but depends on practice ...
... • Feed-forward control-predictive – Response anticipates stimulus – More timely, but depends on practice ...
Brain networks underlying episodic memory retrieval
... [23], recollection was indexed by the accurate discrimination of word pairs according to whether the constituent words had been studied on the same or on different study trials (an associative recognition test). Hippocampal activity was greater when elicited by recollected than by unrecollected pair ...
... [23], recollection was indexed by the accurate discrimination of word pairs according to whether the constituent words had been studied on the same or on different study trials (an associative recognition test). Hippocampal activity was greater when elicited by recollected than by unrecollected pair ...
Metal Ions in Alzheimer`s Disease Brain
... There is substantial evidence supporting a critical role for metal ions in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This originated with the observation that certain metal ions (principally copper, iron and zinc) are enriched in the neuritic plaques of AD brains, leading to an overall reduction ...
... There is substantial evidence supporting a critical role for metal ions in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This originated with the observation that certain metal ions (principally copper, iron and zinc) are enriched in the neuritic plaques of AD brains, leading to an overall reduction ...
FOREFRONT REVIEW WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR?
... addition, it contains axons that originate in a limited number of sources, the main ones being the perforant path axons arising from the entorhinal cortex and the intrinsic associational and commissural systems which originate in the ipsilateral and contralateral hilar mossy cells, respectively. Add ...
... addition, it contains axons that originate in a limited number of sources, the main ones being the perforant path axons arising from the entorhinal cortex and the intrinsic associational and commissural systems which originate in the ipsilateral and contralateral hilar mossy cells, respectively. Add ...