Memory fields of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex
... for complex stimuli that resemble the objects monkeys encounter in their experiences outside the neurophysiological laboratory (14, 15). Little is known about how or whether PF neurons convey their spatial attributes. The PF cortex plays an important role in a variety of functions critical for compl ...
... for complex stimuli that resemble the objects monkeys encounter in their experiences outside the neurophysiological laboratory (14, 15). Little is known about how or whether PF neurons convey their spatial attributes. The PF cortex plays an important role in a variety of functions critical for compl ...
Principles of neural ensemble physiology underlying the operation
... session. NDCs are computed by first measuring the entire neuronal population’s performance and then repeating the calculation after randomly chosen individual neurons are removed (dropped) from the original sample. In essence, NDCs measure the size of neuronal ensembles needed for a given BMI algori ...
... session. NDCs are computed by first measuring the entire neuronal population’s performance and then repeating the calculation after randomly chosen individual neurons are removed (dropped) from the original sample. In essence, NDCs measure the size of neuronal ensembles needed for a given BMI algori ...
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of afrotherians
... afrotherians, believed to be the first clade to radiate from the common eutherian ancestor. We find that afrotherians share non-neuronal scaling rules with rodents, primates and eulipotyphlans, as well as the coordinated scaling of numbers of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Afrotheria ...
... afrotherians, believed to be the first clade to radiate from the common eutherian ancestor. We find that afrotherians share non-neuronal scaling rules with rodents, primates and eulipotyphlans, as well as the coordinated scaling of numbers of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Afrotheria ...
Memory formation: from network structure to neural dynamics
... complexity of the neuronal networks that comprise the brain. The cortex alone contains 1010 neurons and 1.5 × 1014 synapses, making it impossible to derive any detailed properties of its connectivity. It is not even clear that having a detailed knowledge of the connectivity would be sufficient to und ...
... complexity of the neuronal networks that comprise the brain. The cortex alone contains 1010 neurons and 1.5 × 1014 synapses, making it impossible to derive any detailed properties of its connectivity. It is not even clear that having a detailed knowledge of the connectivity would be sufficient to und ...
The evolution of brains from early mammals to humans
... the hallmark of the mammalian brain, emerged.9–11 In addition, the fossil record continues to improve. The teeth and bones, which are most often preserved, tell us much about the behaviors of long-extinct ancestors or probable ancestors, and the endocasts of the insides of the skulls tell us about b ...
... the hallmark of the mammalian brain, emerged.9–11 In addition, the fossil record continues to improve. The teeth and bones, which are most often preserved, tell us much about the behaviors of long-extinct ancestors or probable ancestors, and the endocasts of the insides of the skulls tell us about b ...
The Problem of Consciousness by Francis Crick and
... others seem to be more concerned with the direction in which the eyes are gazing. Then there are representations of the parts of a face, as separate from those for the face as a whole. Further, the implications of seeing a face, such as that person’s sex, the facial expression, the familiarity or un ...
... others seem to be more concerned with the direction in which the eyes are gazing. Then there are representations of the parts of a face, as separate from those for the face as a whole. Further, the implications of seeing a face, such as that person’s sex, the facial expression, the familiarity or un ...
In utero administration of Ad5 and AAV pseudotypes to the
... during gestation in patients and animal models.1,2 Delivery of therapeutic genes to the fetal brain of such models would potentially answer a number of fundamental questions that need addressing for potential therapies to be devised. For example, does expression of therapeutic protein during gestati ...
... during gestation in patients and animal models.1,2 Delivery of therapeutic genes to the fetal brain of such models would potentially answer a number of fundamental questions that need addressing for potential therapies to be devised. For example, does expression of therapeutic protein during gestati ...
Anterolateral Systems
... In cases with Chiari malformations, cough-induced headache and neck, arm, or facial pain are reported. Extension of the syrinx into the medulla, syringobulbia, causes palatal or vocal cord paralysis, dysarthria, horizontal or vertical nystagmus, episodic dizziness, and tongue weakness. ...
... In cases with Chiari malformations, cough-induced headache and neck, arm, or facial pain are reported. Extension of the syrinx into the medulla, syringobulbia, causes palatal or vocal cord paralysis, dysarthria, horizontal or vertical nystagmus, episodic dizziness, and tongue weakness. ...
Neurobiology of Behaviour
... An animals response to the environment will be influenced by their underlying nervous system ...
... An animals response to the environment will be influenced by their underlying nervous system ...
The hippocampal–striatal axis in learning, prediction and
... The involvement of the VS in the reinforcing effects of drugs such as cocaine, nicotine and heroin has led to this structure being linked to drug addiction [120]. There is considerable preclinical evidence to support a role for the VS in drug-seeking behavior in experimental animals [14], and during ...
... The involvement of the VS in the reinforcing effects of drugs such as cocaine, nicotine and heroin has led to this structure being linked to drug addiction [120]. There is considerable preclinical evidence to support a role for the VS in drug-seeking behavior in experimental animals [14], and during ...
Structural Loop Between the Cerebellum and the Superior Temporal
... temporal cortex. The STS, predominantly in the right hemisphere, is considered a major hub within the cortical network underpinning visual social cognition and biological motion processing (e.g., Bonda et al. 1996; Allison et al. 2000; Beauchamp et al. 2002; Grossman and Blake 2002; Pelphrey et al. ...
... temporal cortex. The STS, predominantly in the right hemisphere, is considered a major hub within the cortical network underpinning visual social cognition and biological motion processing (e.g., Bonda et al. 1996; Allison et al. 2000; Beauchamp et al. 2002; Grossman and Blake 2002; Pelphrey et al. ...
Neural Activity and the Development of Brain Circuits
... neural activity, but they also suggest that whatever developmental mechanisms are at play in the visual system are likely to be involved in other systems. At the same time, several lines of experiment demonstrate that activity does not write on a blank slate but serves to modify a basic scaffold of c ...
... neural activity, but they also suggest that whatever developmental mechanisms are at play in the visual system are likely to be involved in other systems. At the same time, several lines of experiment demonstrate that activity does not write on a blank slate but serves to modify a basic scaffold of c ...
Two Kinds of Reverse Inference in Cognitive Neuroscience
... Of course, TT does not presuppose that such neural patters are identical; all it requires is that both representations be tokens of the same type, that is, tokens of the concept grab. Next, consider ST. Recall that, on this view, simulation is the default mindreading process. When subjects perceive ...
... Of course, TT does not presuppose that such neural patters are identical; all it requires is that both representations be tokens of the same type, that is, tokens of the concept grab. Next, consider ST. Recall that, on this view, simulation is the default mindreading process. When subjects perceive ...
The interplay between neurons and glia in synapse
... The mammalian brain is a complex organ comprised of numerous cell types and greater than 1 1014 synapses. In broad classifications, two main cell types encompass the neural parenchyma: neurons and glia. Neurons are a heterogeneous group of electrically active cells, which form the framework of the ...
... The mammalian brain is a complex organ comprised of numerous cell types and greater than 1 1014 synapses. In broad classifications, two main cell types encompass the neural parenchyma: neurons and glia. Neurons are a heterogeneous group of electrically active cells, which form the framework of the ...
The Cat is Out of the Bag: Cortical Simulations with 109 Neurons
... neuron and the dendrite of a target neuron is a synapse, a term coined by Sir Charles Sherrington in 1897. With respect to the synapse, the two neurons are respectively called pre-synaptic and post-synaptic. When a synapse is activated, it produces a change in the voltage across the postsynaptic neu ...
... neuron and the dendrite of a target neuron is a synapse, a term coined by Sir Charles Sherrington in 1897. With respect to the synapse, the two neurons are respectively called pre-synaptic and post-synaptic. When a synapse is activated, it produces a change in the voltage across the postsynaptic neu ...
Neurological Principles and Rehabilitation of Action Disorders
... link percepts (a coffee cup) and stereotypical actions (grasp the cup to take a drink). Through experience, we learn the links between these typical motor programs and ditferent situations. It is likely that both these extremes are needed in real life. The system must be able to organize complex seq ...
... link percepts (a coffee cup) and stereotypical actions (grasp the cup to take a drink). Through experience, we learn the links between these typical motor programs and ditferent situations. It is likely that both these extremes are needed in real life. The system must be able to organize complex seq ...
From hand actions to speech: evidence and speculations
... produced the same speech sounds. Results showed a substantial overlap between regions activated by listening to and producing the syllables, and the activated regions were located primarily in the superior part of ventral premotor cortex, in both hemispheres. The task did ...
... produced the same speech sounds. Results showed a substantial overlap between regions activated by listening to and producing the syllables, and the activated regions were located primarily in the superior part of ventral premotor cortex, in both hemispheres. The task did ...
Deficits of brainstem and spinal cord functions after
... morbidity. HI injury in 7-d-old mice induces cognitive deficits and impairs motor performance (16). Here, we confirmed that sensorimotor reflexes are affected 24 h after HI insult as previously described (13). We extended our study of motor functions 1 and 2 wk after the insult. Our results revealed ...
... morbidity. HI injury in 7-d-old mice induces cognitive deficits and impairs motor performance (16). Here, we confirmed that sensorimotor reflexes are affected 24 h after HI insult as previously described (13). We extended our study of motor functions 1 and 2 wk after the insult. Our results revealed ...
Midterm 1
... 10. Damage to portions of the brainstem will result in *A. different types of loss of function, which depend upon where the damage occurs. B. coma every single time. C. loss of sleep functioning every time. D. memory impairment. % Correct: 90.60% Comments: The brainstem is the region of our central ...
... 10. Damage to portions of the brainstem will result in *A. different types of loss of function, which depend upon where the damage occurs. B. coma every single time. C. loss of sleep functioning every time. D. memory impairment. % Correct: 90.60% Comments: The brainstem is the region of our central ...
Glia Ç more than just brain glue
... Therefore, much of what we know about glia has come from studies of isolated mammalian glia maintained in vitro. Although such analysis is useful and has taught us much about the basic properties of glia, it cannot tell us how glia interact with other cell types. Electrophysiological and calcium ima ...
... Therefore, much of what we know about glia has come from studies of isolated mammalian glia maintained in vitro. Although such analysis is useful and has taught us much about the basic properties of glia, it cannot tell us how glia interact with other cell types. Electrophysiological and calcium ima ...
brain anatomy - Sinoe Medical Association
... hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of grey matter called the cerebral cortex that is supported by an inner layer of white matter. • The hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a very large bundle of nerve fibers, and also by other smaller commissures, including the ante ...
... hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of grey matter called the cerebral cortex that is supported by an inner layer of white matter. • The hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a very large bundle of nerve fibers, and also by other smaller commissures, including the ante ...
Chapter Three Biological Aspects of Psychology
... Split-brain patients have had their corpus callosum cut as a treatment of last resort for epilepsy. This surgical procedure isolates the two hemispheres from each other because the corpus callosum “bridge” between the two hemispheres is no longer present. (Chapter 3, The Divided Brain in a Unified S ...
... Split-brain patients have had their corpus callosum cut as a treatment of last resort for epilepsy. This surgical procedure isolates the two hemispheres from each other because the corpus callosum “bridge” between the two hemispheres is no longer present. (Chapter 3, The Divided Brain in a Unified S ...
Neurophysiological foundations of sleep, arousal, awareness and
... structures responsible for sustaining a state of wakefulness. Experiments showed that survival of the isolated brain specimens depended on the time interval from the separation procedure. Complete loss of transition from synchronised to desynchronised EEG patterns was observed only during the acute ...
... structures responsible for sustaining a state of wakefulness. Experiments showed that survival of the isolated brain specimens depended on the time interval from the separation procedure. Complete loss of transition from synchronised to desynchronised EEG patterns was observed only during the acute ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Global Anatomy Home Page
... functions are clearly more complex and “global” in nature than the primary areas. Most of what is presently known about the function of association areas is derived from the effects of lesions. Functions that have been assigned to association areas in this fashion include: recognition of complex spa ...
... functions are clearly more complex and “global” in nature than the primary areas. Most of what is presently known about the function of association areas is derived from the effects of lesions. Functions that have been assigned to association areas in this fashion include: recognition of complex spa ...