Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... areas provide cognitive, sensory or motivational inputs for motor behavior, whereas the motor areas are concerned with more concrete aspects of movement (e.g. muscle patterns). Two important differences in the anatomical connections of the SMA and pre-SMA support this view. First, only the SMA is di ...
... areas provide cognitive, sensory or motivational inputs for motor behavior, whereas the motor areas are concerned with more concrete aspects of movement (e.g. muscle patterns). Two important differences in the anatomical connections of the SMA and pre-SMA support this view. First, only the SMA is di ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Dopamine gating of forebrain neural ensembles
... produced variable responses (Lewis & O’Donnell, 2000). It is conceivable that DA-sustained up states are temporal windows driven by stimuli related to arousal and attention mechanisms during which information throughput is enabled, although only for strong inputs. It is worth noting that DA cells al ...
... produced variable responses (Lewis & O’Donnell, 2000). It is conceivable that DA-sustained up states are temporal windows driven by stimuli related to arousal and attention mechanisms during which information throughput is enabled, although only for strong inputs. It is worth noting that DA cells al ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... of tyrosine; prefrontal cortex is an exception. The dopaminergic neurons innervating prefrontal cortex appear to have higher levels of activity and higher dopamine turnover than most other dopaminergic neurons, and may also lack the synthesis-modulating autoreceptors present on most other dopaminerg ...
... of tyrosine; prefrontal cortex is an exception. The dopaminergic neurons innervating prefrontal cortex appear to have higher levels of activity and higher dopamine turnover than most other dopaminergic neurons, and may also lack the synthesis-modulating autoreceptors present on most other dopaminerg ...
Impact of a deletion of the full-length and short isoform of
... composed of an extracellular domain containing several cysteinerich motifs, a transmembrane domain, and a non-catalytic intra-cellular domain (Underwood and Coulson, 2008). Two isoforms of the p75NTR exist: a short (s-p75NTR) and a fulllength isoform. The full-length isoform is capable of binding ne ...
... composed of an extracellular domain containing several cysteinerich motifs, a transmembrane domain, and a non-catalytic intra-cellular domain (Underwood and Coulson, 2008). Two isoforms of the p75NTR exist: a short (s-p75NTR) and a fulllength isoform. The full-length isoform is capable of binding ne ...
BNG/Briefing 18 - British Society for Neuroendocrinology
... derived estrogens are found in food such as soya-based products which would not have formed part of a ‘western’ diet in the past. However, although high doses of environmental estrogens have been shown to disrupt reproductive function in experimental rodents, there is no direct proof that humans are ...
... derived estrogens are found in food such as soya-based products which would not have formed part of a ‘western’ diet in the past. However, although high doses of environmental estrogens have been shown to disrupt reproductive function in experimental rodents, there is no direct proof that humans are ...
Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience
... alterations in the code. The many different modifications of the genome in the many diverging lines of descent over billions of years have led to the great diversity of life that we see today. Our current classification scheme is based on our understanding of phylogenetic (ancestor-descendant) relat ...
... alterations in the code. The many different modifications of the genome in the many diverging lines of descent over billions of years have led to the great diversity of life that we see today. Our current classification scheme is based on our understanding of phylogenetic (ancestor-descendant) relat ...
31 - UCL
... visuotopic organization (e.g., mirror-image or non-mirror-image map of hemifield, bounding areas, pattern of map discontinuities, degree of retinotopy), and physiological properties (e.g., excitatory receptive field size, direction selectivity, attention-related modulation). Areas differ in the degr ...
... visuotopic organization (e.g., mirror-image or non-mirror-image map of hemifield, bounding areas, pattern of map discontinuities, degree of retinotopy), and physiological properties (e.g., excitatory receptive field size, direction selectivity, attention-related modulation). Areas differ in the degr ...
Spindle-Like Thalamocortical Synchronization in a Rat Brain Slice
... cortical areas (n ⫽ 25; Figs. 1C and 2). These oscillations were recorded at both cortical (500 –1200 m from the pia) and thalamic recording sites (VB or RTN) and were characterized by bursts of field potential waves of negative-positive polarity at frequencies ranging from 9 to 16 Hz. The overall ...
... cortical areas (n ⫽ 25; Figs. 1C and 2). These oscillations were recorded at both cortical (500 –1200 m from the pia) and thalamic recording sites (VB or RTN) and were characterized by bursts of field potential waves of negative-positive polarity at frequencies ranging from 9 to 16 Hz. The overall ...
2011 CSH - Harvard University
... cortex during a critical period in postnatal life (Hubel 1982; Wiesel 1982). Although the gross arrangement of axonal projections from the two eyes into alternating ocular dominance columns in the visual cortex is present prior to eye opening (Crowley and Katz 2000), the boundaries of their synaptic ...
... cortex during a critical period in postnatal life (Hubel 1982; Wiesel 1982). Although the gross arrangement of axonal projections from the two eyes into alternating ocular dominance columns in the visual cortex is present prior to eye opening (Crowley and Katz 2000), the boundaries of their synaptic ...
The amygdala, a part of the brain known for its role in fear, also
... highly connected human amygdala work with other brain structures to recognize good things and find ways to get them. Such studies may help scientists understand how rewards can sway attention or learning and help people make choices. Recent results may also lead to new therapies for those suffering ...
... highly connected human amygdala work with other brain structures to recognize good things and find ways to get them. Such studies may help scientists understand how rewards can sway attention or learning and help people make choices. Recent results may also lead to new therapies for those suffering ...
Blunted Brain Energy Consumption Relates to Insula
... form of neurostimulation that uses constant low current delivered directly to the brain by small electrodes, would improve the characteristic glucose-intolerant state in obese volunteers. We further assumed that tDCS-induced energy consumption alters brain energy levels. Because obese individuals di ...
... form of neurostimulation that uses constant low current delivered directly to the brain by small electrodes, would improve the characteristic glucose-intolerant state in obese volunteers. We further assumed that tDCS-induced energy consumption alters brain energy levels. Because obese individuals di ...
The Nervous System
... chromosomes during mitosis – As a result, typical CNS neurons cannot divide, even if they are lost due to injury or disease • Some neural stem cells that retain ...
... chromosomes during mitosis – As a result, typical CNS neurons cannot divide, even if they are lost due to injury or disease • Some neural stem cells that retain ...
Lecoq J, Savall J, Vucinic D, Grewe BF, Kim H, Li
... imaging deep brain areas5–7. To illustrate that our dual-axis approach also enables studies in which one or both of the brain areas lie below the neocortex, we imaged TdTomato-expressing parvalbumin interneurons simultaneously in the frontal cortex and CA1 area of hippocampus (Supplementary Fig. 2). ...
... imaging deep brain areas5–7. To illustrate that our dual-axis approach also enables studies in which one or both of the brain areas lie below the neocortex, we imaged TdTomato-expressing parvalbumin interneurons simultaneously in the frontal cortex and CA1 area of hippocampus (Supplementary Fig. 2). ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything th ...
... and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything th ...
Key Points: Neuroscience Exam #2 Lecture 16 and 17: Development of
... o Receptive fields: the area that would stimulate one nerve would constitue its receptive field o 2-point discrimination: determines how sensitive an area of your body is how far apart do they have to be in order to determine that there are two stimuli On your back, there is a greater distance t ...
... o Receptive fields: the area that would stimulate one nerve would constitue its receptive field o 2-point discrimination: determines how sensitive an area of your body is how far apart do they have to be in order to determine that there are two stimuli On your back, there is a greater distance t ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... our understanding of cortical microcircuits has come about through the approach deployed with effortless brilliance by Hubel and Wiesel [2]. They first constructed a hierarchical model (Figure 1a) of the microcircuit in visual cortex on the basis of the receptive fields and of the lamina in which ne ...
... our understanding of cortical microcircuits has come about through the approach deployed with effortless brilliance by Hubel and Wiesel [2]. They first constructed a hierarchical model (Figure 1a) of the microcircuit in visual cortex on the basis of the receptive fields and of the lamina in which ne ...
gaba agonists - CNS Tech Lab
... through actions mediated by specific receptors (Huntley et al, 1992).” These receptors have two major types: an excitatory receptor D1 and an inhibitory receptor D2. If DA is depleted, then severe motor dysfunction can occur stemming from the basal ganglia. GABA This is an inhibitory neurotransmitte ...
... through actions mediated by specific receptors (Huntley et al, 1992).” These receptors have two major types: an excitatory receptor D1 and an inhibitory receptor D2. If DA is depleted, then severe motor dysfunction can occur stemming from the basal ganglia. GABA This is an inhibitory neurotransmitte ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... (0.22 mm2 or about 0.5 mm in diameter; Supplementary Fig. 5). These measurements suggest relative differences between ICMS and LBM activation areas; however, the use of IOS activation area to determine exactly what fraction of output neurons are activated with a single light pulse may be complicated ...
... (0.22 mm2 or about 0.5 mm in diameter; Supplementary Fig. 5). These measurements suggest relative differences between ICMS and LBM activation areas; however, the use of IOS activation area to determine exactly what fraction of output neurons are activated with a single light pulse may be complicated ...
Consolidation of motor memory
... correct sequences). Subjects showed savings for the same sequence 24 h later. However, if subjects learned a second sequence immediately after the first, then there were no savings (of the first sequence) at 24 h. By contrast, subjects showed savings for both sequences if the second sequence was lea ...
... correct sequences). Subjects showed savings for the same sequence 24 h later. However, if subjects learned a second sequence immediately after the first, then there were no savings (of the first sequence) at 24 h. By contrast, subjects showed savings for both sequences if the second sequence was lea ...
Corticothalamic feedback and sensory processing
... markedly modified by feedback from the activated regions of cortex. The activation of a particular region of cortex leads to an initial assessment that the BF of that area of cortex is present in the sensory signal. By amplifying the responses of thalamic neurons that best encode the predicted signa ...
... markedly modified by feedback from the activated regions of cortex. The activation of a particular region of cortex leads to an initial assessment that the BF of that area of cortex is present in the sensory signal. By amplifying the responses of thalamic neurons that best encode the predicted signa ...
Review Historical aspects of the anatomy of the reticular formation
... With this experiment, he showed that the brain, in order to maintain a state of wakefulness, needs to receive stimuli from the brainstem or from the brain itself. Removal of these stimuli leads to a state of persistent sleepiness. In his article New research on the mechanism of sleep,13 Bremer repor ...
... With this experiment, he showed that the brain, in order to maintain a state of wakefulness, needs to receive stimuli from the brainstem or from the brain itself. Removal of these stimuli leads to a state of persistent sleepiness. In his article New research on the mechanism of sleep,13 Bremer repor ...
Contrasting Effects of Haloperidol and Lithium on
... in gray-matter volumes, whereas lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder show marginal increases in gray-matter volumes. Although these clinical data are confounded by illness, chronicity, and other medications, they do suggest that typical antipsychotic drugs and lithium have contrasting effe ...
... in gray-matter volumes, whereas lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder show marginal increases in gray-matter volumes. Although these clinical data are confounded by illness, chronicity, and other medications, they do suggest that typical antipsychotic drugs and lithium have contrasting effe ...
PDF
... subpopulations were performed in various species (Table 1A). It is curious that only rarely the same group performed a systematic analysis of several species, using the same methodology, making it difficult to conclude about interspecies differences. Most of the studies performed in rat and mouse fou ...
... subpopulations were performed in various species (Table 1A). It is curious that only rarely the same group performed a systematic analysis of several species, using the same methodology, making it difficult to conclude about interspecies differences. Most of the studies performed in rat and mouse fou ...
From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... unique to one or a few areas. If anything, one may be tempted to argue that memory activity should be most pronounced where stimuli elicit strongest responses and consequent modulation of extracellular calcium concentrations would therefore be most pronounced. Hence, experiments using visual stimuli ...
... unique to one or a few areas. If anything, one may be tempted to argue that memory activity should be most pronounced where stimuli elicit strongest responses and consequent modulation of extracellular calcium concentrations would therefore be most pronounced. Hence, experiments using visual stimuli ...