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standard operating procedure
standard operating procedure

... 7. Make a similar cut from the pulmonary veins or opening of the left atrium down into the left ventricle. Again make your cut parallel to the furrow on the outside of the heart. Note the ventricles will not fall open until the strong fibrous cords linking the opposing walls are cut. Cut these and o ...
Ventricular hypertrophy icd 10
Ventricular hypertrophy icd 10

... Irregular z line icd 10 code Does snorting opana 5mg show up in a urine test Pancreatic mass icd 10 ...
Löffler`s Endocarditis: First Report of Successful Mitral and
Löffler`s Endocarditis: First Report of Successful Mitral and

... expansion. Secondary HES is a reactive type of HE caused by parasites or lymphomas, etc., causing an overproduction of eosinophilopoetic cytokines. Complex HES is used to describe patients who cannot be classified under primary or secondary HES but who present with clinical stigmata of HES. Eosinoph ...
Anticoagulation for Emergency Department Patients With Atrial
Anticoagulation for Emergency Department Patients With Atrial

... elevated thromboembolic risk with a protective tail until they follow up in the clinic with their internist, cardiologist, or a new physician. At that point, a discussion of the risks and benefits of various chronic therapies and the determination of an optimal individual long-term treatment plan ca ...
Pacemaker Anatomy - Calgary Emergency Medicine
Pacemaker Anatomy - Calgary Emergency Medicine

... Inappropriate sensing: Undersensing Pacemaker incorrectly misses an intrinsic deoplarization  paces despite intrinsic activity  Appearance of pacemaker spikes occurring earlier than the programmed rate: “overpacing”  may or may not be followed by paced complex: depends on timing with respect to ...
Athens QRS Score as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in
Athens QRS Score as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in

AED Frequently Asked Questions (External Audiences) Q What is
AED Frequently Asked Questions (External Audiences) Q What is

... A Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), one of the leading causes of death in the United States, strikes over 300,000 victims each year, of which about five percent survive. Sudden cardiac arrest cases are usually due to abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias, the vast majority of which are ventricular fi ...
Pacemaker Anatomy
Pacemaker Anatomy

... Inappropriate sensing: Undersensing Pacemaker incorrectly misses an intrinsic deoplarization  paces despite intrinsic activity  Appearance of pacemaker spikes occurring earlier than the programmed rate: “overpacing”  may or may not be followed by paced complex: depends on timing with respect to ...
a 54-year-old Man with shortness of Breath and irregular Pulse
a 54-year-old Man with shortness of Breath and irregular Pulse

... consequences of shunting from one atrium to another. The magnitude and direction of the shunt are determined by the size of the defect and the relative compliance of the ventricles. As seen in this patient, in SVASD there may be a small amount of right-to-left shunting because of the overriding SVC, ...
The Heart - LifeSciTRC
The Heart - LifeSciTRC

... • Arrhythmia – irregular heart rhythm. • Extrasystole – premature contraction. • Fibrillation – rapid, irregular rhythm. • Murmur – abnormal heart sound. ...
“W-shaped” volume curve with gated myocardial perfusion single
“W-shaped” volume curve with gated myocardial perfusion single

... irrespective of the presence or absence of arrhythmias. We evaluated the impact of GEs on both reconstructed tomograms and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) derived from G-SPECT, and searched for clues to identify these errors. Methods: We studied 2 GE patients, 10 normal subjects (NLs), and ...
Figure 1- Previous (post permanent pacemaker implantation )chest
Figure 1- Previous (post permanent pacemaker implantation )chest

... A 50 y old female was presented with complains of abnormal abdominal pulsation since 1 week. A permanent pacemaker VVI mode was implanted in right pre cordial area 3 month back for the complain of complete heart block. Her previous post pacemaker implantation chest X ray showed satisfactory position ...
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1. Coronary angioplasty

... replacement 4 years ago presents for an elective inguinal herniorraphy. He has not had a history of recent angina pectoris. On examination you note a 2/4 ejection systolic murmur at the base of the heart which radiates to the carotids. His BP is 170/103. The surgical resident enquires whether this m ...
Downloaded - International Society of Drug Bulletins
Downloaded - International Society of Drug Bulletins

... widely used in type 2 diabetes. In addition to lifestyle intervention, monotherapy with oral glucose-lowering agents is generally the initial treatment strategy in type 2 diabetes. In the context of the suggested legacy effect of glucose-lowering agents in the 10-year follow-up of the UK Prospective ...
Amiodarone-Induced Third Degree Atrioventricular Block and
Amiodarone-Induced Third Degree Atrioventricular Block and

... and non-significant stenosis of the epicardial coronary arteries ruling out ischemic heart disease. Amiodarone is the most potent antiarrhythmic agent in the prevention of lethal ventricular arrhythmias and demonstrates a very low incidence of torsade de pointes. Several randomized, controlled, clin ...
1-anatomy-1 - INAYA Medical College
1-anatomy-1 - INAYA Medical College

... • Endocardium – endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface ...
Cardiac Defects: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Cardiac Defects: Patent Ductus Arteriosus

... Blood flow is different in the fetus, and most blood bypasses the lungs. An extra blood vessel (passageway) called the ductus arteriosus (DA) allows blood from the right side of the heart to flow to the aorta, one of the largest arteries, and back out into the body without going through the lungs. A ...
SLIDE 5 of 6
SLIDE 5 of 6

... y-axis- systolic performance- force of contrction proportional to the number of cross-bridges cycling- on the preload on ventricle and a level of contractility. x-axis- index of preload. For left ventricle- is left ...
Cardiac Activities
Cardiac Activities

... Cardiac Activities Introduction The vertebrate heart is myogenic; that is the beat originates within the heart without the need for an external stimulus to be delivered by the nervous system or the endocrine system. Although the heart generates its own beat, external agents can alter the rate of the ...
Book 1 - 33rd Annual Meeting of the European Section of the ISHR
Book 1 - 33rd Annual Meeting of the European Section of the ISHR

... researchers and 110 research units. It contains several major national research centres including various laboratories for major national centres (CNRS, INSERM, INRA, INRIA, IFREMER...). Ranked among the top universities in France, the University of Bordeaux is renowned for the quality of its academ ...
Myocardial Hypoxia in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Is it Just a Matter of
Myocardial Hypoxia in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Is it Just a Matter of

... consistent with ischemia and is a marker of poor prognosis.6 Yet, studies where positron emission tomography was used to measure myocardial oxygen consumption, a putative index of oxygenation, demonstrated either similar or reduced levels at rest in patients with DCM when compared with controls.7–10 ...
Cardiac output and Venous Return
Cardiac output and Venous Return

... Right atrial pressure is determined by the balance of the heart pumping blood out of the right atrium and flow of blood from the large veins into the right atrium. ...
ACE-INHIBITORS AND CARDIOPROTECTION OPEN ISSUES AND FUTURE SOLUTIONS
ACE-INHIBITORS AND CARDIOPROTECTION OPEN ISSUES AND FUTURE SOLUTIONS

... activation of the β-2 receptor has beneficial effects in terms of both functional and structural ...
Cardiac Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction in the
Cardiac Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction in the

... both the prethrombolytic and thrombolytic therapy eras have been debated extensive. However, there are no available data with regard to the incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of these complications in patients with AMI undergoing direct percutaneous coronary intervention (d-PCI). Furthermore ...
Cardiac Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial
Cardiac Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial

... or successful stent deployment at the desired position with a residual stenosis of ⬍ 20% followed by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)15 grade 3 flow in the IRA. Body mass index (BMI) was defined as the weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of the height (in meters). VSD was first s ...
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Cardiac contractility modulation



Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.
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