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Temporary Pacemakers - University of California, San Diego
Temporary Pacemakers - University of California, San Diego

...  Upper rate limit may be inappropriate ...
Fulltext: english,
Fulltext: english,

... Due to the fact that symptoms of the disease usually develop gradually, patients visit physicians due to the symptoms many years after pathophysiologic process which causes the diseases started. Typical symptoms which are reason for referring to physician are: exercise intolerance, shortness of brea ...
Indications, Results and Mortality of Pulmonary Artery Banding
Indications, Results and Mortality of Pulmonary Artery Banding

... total corrective surgery with good result and success and low mortality. At current in some centers there is also noticeable percentage of this palliative surgery for congenital heart disease with pulmonary over circulation to prevent of irreversible pathologic changes in pulmonary vasculature and l ...
Left ventricular mechanical limitations to stroke volume in healthy
Left ventricular mechanical limitations to stroke volume in healthy

... and inotropic state appear to increase continuously to the point of task failure (12, 22). Thus the plateau in SV may be related to cardiac mechanical constraints in accommodating a greater EDV or further decreasing ESV. Previous studies have shown that left ventricular (LV) twist and untwisting (“L ...
Vasoreactive Response to Maternal Hyperoxygenation in the Fetus
Vasoreactive Response to Maternal Hyperoxygenation in the Fetus

... Background—Cardiopulmonary interactions play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Pulmonary vasculopathy has been identified, especially in those with restrictive/intact atrial septum. Responsiveness of the pulmonary vasculature to maternal hyperoxygena ...
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Associated With Aortic Dilatation A Community
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Associated With Aortic Dilatation A Community

... icuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is the most frequent congenital anomaly of the heart or great vessels.1 A congenital BAV may lead to premature development of significant aortic valve disease, such as aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation and endocarditis.1–3 Abnormalities of the aorta, such as a ...
Teaching Rounds in Cardiac Electrophysiology
Teaching Rounds in Cardiac Electrophysiology

... sinus syndrome. This rare condition also has sometimes been associated with difficulty in atrial pacing. Pathological data are scant. In one case, open chest device implant (for sudden death) permitted direct visualization. Atria, which had been inexcitable and devoid of electrogram activity during ...
clinical value of unipolar chest and limb leads
clinical value of unipolar chest and limb leads

... much farther from the heart than the chest electrode, the influence it exercises is much less. Wilson (1944) has estimated that the size of the deflections at the prtcordia is from three to five times that at an extremity. The influence of the extremity electrode is, therefore, about one-quarter tha ...
Three-dimensional alignment of the aggregated myocytes in the
Three-dimensional alignment of the aggregated myocytes in the

... understanding of the cardiac response to various pathological conditions, the more so since the arrangement of the myocytes within the supporting fibrous matrix is markedly heterogeneous ...
Anticoagulant treatment for acute pulmonary embolism: a pathophysiology- based clinical approach
Anticoagulant treatment for acute pulmonary embolism: a pathophysiology- based clinical approach

... no treatment [33]. In patients with pulmonary embolism, weight-adjusted low-molecular-weight heparin is associated with a statistically nonsignificant decrease in recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism (1.4% versus 2.4%; OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.33–1.18) and major bleeding (1.4% versus 2.3%; OR 0.67, ...
Optimal pacing strategies for coming off CPB
Optimal pacing strategies for coming off CPB

... Typically, single ventricle or AV sequential pacing is employed to treat the underlying electrophysiologic or mechanical cardiac dysfunction after cardiac surgery. However, hemodynamic benefits observed with single ventricle or AV sequential pacing can be limited, especially in patients with substan ...
Effects of clinically relevant acute hypercapnic and metabolic
Effects of clinically relevant acute hypercapnic and metabolic

... resistance, resulting in an increased cardiac output. The direct effects of acidosis in the heart have been studied in great detail, because local acidosis usually accompanies ischemia. A number of detrimental effects of myocardial ischemia, such as the negative inotropic effect or induction of arrh ...
Aortic Stenosis In The Elderly
Aortic Stenosis In The Elderly

... rhythm and atrial systole for the diastolic filling of the left ventricle increases. Therefore, the onset of atrial fibrillation often precipitates overt heart failure in patients with aortic stenosis. U n f o r t u n a t e l y, the incidence of atrial fibrillation seems to be higher in elderly pati ...
Cardiogenesis in the bovine to 35 somites - K-REx
Cardiogenesis in the bovine to 35 somites - K-REx

... cardiac anlagen retain functional independence relatively far into their period of development (Girgis, 1933; 1939). ...
Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive
Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive

... CHD. If CHD has been excluded, subsequent studies in children with structurally normal hearts can focus on hemodynamic or functional assessment. The initial echocardiographic examination should always be a comprehensive study of both anatomy and function that is to be interpreted by a pediatric card ...
Time-dependent remodeling of transmural architecture underlying
Time-dependent remodeling of transmural architecture underlying

... test the hypothesis that the abnormal ventricular geometry in failing hearts may be accounted for by regionally selective remodeling of myocardial laminae or sheets, we investigated remodeling of the transmural architecture in chronic volume overload induced by an aortocaval shunt. We determined thr ...
Full Text  - Res Cardiovasc Med
Full Text - Res Cardiovasc Med

... which can provide better diagnostic and prognostic accuracy for SPECT MPI. Previous works by some authors also showed a good correlation between these two methods in these patients. Vourvouri et al. reported a good correlation between QGS and two-dimensional echocardiography in 32 patients with seve ...
Intravenous magnesium for cardiac arrhythmias: jack of all trades
Intravenous magnesium for cardiac arrhythmias: jack of all trades

... fibrillation. Large randomised controlled studies are needed to confirm whether intravenous magnesium can improve patient centre outcomes in different cardiac arrhythmias. ...
Diastolic Heart Failure — Abnormalities in Active
Diastolic Heart Failure — Abnormalities in Active

... cardiovascular disease and death and may occur in the presence of either a normal or an abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction.1-3 Patients with heart failure who have a normal ejection fraction differ substantially from those with heart failure and a decreased ejection fraction in several ways ...
Evaluation of the Contractile State of the of the
Evaluation of the Contractile State of the of the

... from the peak of the R wave of the electrocardiogram to the peak of the derivatives (t-dp/dt LV and t-A ACG) were determined under different circulatory conditions. These parameters express the duration of the development of maximum tension during isometric contraction of the ventricle. The values o ...
Rheology of discrete subaortic stenosis - Heart
Rheology of discrete subaortic stenosis - Heart

... The fact that discrete subaortic stenosis can recur after surgical removal led to the supposition that the lesion occurs as a result of a pathological process that was left unaltered by the surgery. An echocardiographic study by Gewillig and colleagues in 199212 showed that abnormal flow patterns ar ...
Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation - ANNALS Academy of Medicine
Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation - ANNALS Academy of Medicine

... circuits, their role in persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation is less clear. In tandem with better understanding of the electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation, new ablation tools have been developed to facilitate surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. These instruments create long linear ...
Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source in the Athens Stroke
Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source in the Athens Stroke

... and (c) any other specific cause of stroke (eg, arteritis, dissection, migraine/vasospasm, drug misuse).3 Major risk sources of cardioembolism included permanent or paroxysmal AF, sustained atrial flutter, intracardiac thrombus, prosthetic cardiac valve, atrial myxoma or other cardiac tumours, mitra ...
24. HIV-associated Pulmonary Hypertension
24. HIV-associated Pulmonary Hypertension

... Pulmonary hypertension is classified into three clinical stages: Latent pulmonary hypertension is characterized when mean pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) are below 21 mmHg with an exercise-induced increase to values above 30 mmHg. The patients suffer from dyspnea upon exercise. In manifested pulm ...
SERIES ‘‘PHYSIOLOGY IN RESPIRATORY MEDICINE’’ A.T. Dinh-Xuan
SERIES ‘‘PHYSIOLOGY IN RESPIRATORY MEDICINE’’ A.T. Dinh-Xuan

... pulmonary capillary wedge pressure: Ppcw) has been recommended for the detection of intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease in left-heart conditions associated with increased pulmonary venous pressure. In these patients, a TPG of .12 mmHg would result in a diagnosis of ‘‘out of proportion’’ pulmonary h ...
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Mitral insufficiency



Mitral insufficiency (MI), mitral regurgitation or mitral incompetence is a disorder of the heart in which the mitral valve does not close properly when the heart pumps out blood. It is the abnormal leaking of blood backwards from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, i.e. there is regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium. MI is the most common form of valvular heart disease.
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