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Anatomical consideration of the number and form of the papillary
Anatomical consideration of the number and form of the papillary

... After their disposal they are classified into three orders, the first order being called papillary ...
Correlation between echocardiographic endocardial
Correlation between echocardiographic endocardial

... from further correlative study either because they suffered an additional definite myocardial infarction (diagnosed clinically) between the time of echocardiography and autopsy (n = 17) or because they had an unsuitable echocardiogram (n = 2). In the latter cases, the echocardiographic images were t ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Evaluation of the inferior vena cava ...
Myocardial hypertrophy and its role in heart failure with preserved
Myocardial hypertrophy and its role in heart failure with preserved

... 2015. First published July 16, 2015; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00374.2015.—Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common myocardial structural abnormality associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). LVH is driven by neurohumoral activation, increased mechanical loa ...
Systemic vascular resistance: an unreliable index of left
Systemic vascular resistance: an unreliable index of left

... end-systolic wall stress (ces) reflects the combined effects of peripheral loading conditions and left ventricular chamber pressure, dimension, and wall thickness. To determine the relationship between SVR and cyes, left ventricular afterload and contractility were pharmacologically altered in eight ...
PACING INITIAL ASSESSMENT Successful and non
PACING INITIAL ASSESSMENT Successful and non

... Pacing cables and the headers they are connected to are colour coded as blue for atrial and white for ventricular. The connections and cables are all electrically identical and are easily interchangeable – can lead to unexpected and potentially dangerous pacing behaviour. The headers on the pacing g ...
Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Angiography
Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Angiography

... To evaluate the reproducibility of our method, six patients with ischemic heart disease who had normal right ventricular ejection fractions were injected twice with 8 mCi of 99mTc DTPA* within a 30 min time interval without changing position. Because of the smaller amount of activity injected the ga ...
Perventricular device closure of congenital muscular ventricular
Perventricular device closure of congenital muscular ventricular

... Figure 4. Transeophageal echocardiographic monitoring during perventricular closure of the muscular ventricular septal defect. Four-chamber view. (A) Single muscular ventricular septal defect located in the mid-trabecular area of the septum measuring 9–10 mm. (B) The distance between the anterior ri ...
chronic cor pulmonale
chronic cor pulmonale

... hypertension, particularly in COPD patients. Similarly, the radiological signs of pulmonary hypertension (increased width of the right descending pulmonary artery) are poorly sensitive and the radiological appearance of a dilated right ventricle is a very late (and inconsistent) sign. The non-invasi ...
Chronic Atrial Fibrillation - American Academy of Family Physicians
Chronic Atrial Fibrillation - American Academy of Family Physicians

... In most cases of suspected atrial fibrillation, a 12-lead ECG is sufficient for diagnosis confirmation. However, if diagnostic uncertainty remains, such as in chronic permanent atrial fibrillation, the use of 24-hour (or even seven-day) Holter monitoring or an event recorder (e.g., Cardiomemo) may a ...
opinions and hypotheses
opinions and hypotheses

... III/IV drug-refractory CHF, left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction ⱕ 35%), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ⱖ 60 mm, and a ventricular conduction delay QRS ⱖ 150 ms. A long PR interval is not a prerequisite. The 12-month results in survivors of an initial group of 10 ...
Is treating cardiac hypertrophy salutary or
Is treating cardiac hypertrophy salutary or

... adaptive. It should be noted, however, that although modification of the signaling mechanism in those cases caused both reduction of cardiac hypertrophy and maintenance of cardiac function, reduction of cardiac hypertrophy could be an epiphenomenon. In other studies, some forms of cardiac hypertroph ...
Regulation of Ventricular Contraction
Regulation of Ventricular Contraction

... each instance have been greater than those shown below. Similarly, the absence of coronary flow from the cardiac output measurement diminishes the extent of the observed changes.11 The ventricular function curves were obtained by stepwise infusion of previous mixed blood (from donor dogs) from a res ...
ABC of clinical electrocardiography Broad complex tachycardia—Part I
ABC of clinical electrocardiography Broad complex tachycardia—Part I

... Electrocardiographic diagnosis of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia is based on the following features. Duration and morphology of QRS complex In ventricular tachycardia the sequence of cardiac activation is altered, and the impulse no longer follows the normal intraventricular conduction pathway. ...
283 Cardiac Tamponade
283 Cardiac Tamponade

... compressed and right ventricular ejection is impeded. However left ventricular preload increases during mechanical inspiration, since pulmonary blood is squeezed towards the left side of the heart. Increased left ventricular preload combined with augmented systolic emptying due to the inspiratory po ...
Haemodynamic and structural correlates of the first and
Haemodynamic and structural correlates of the first and

... PAH patients had evidence of right ventricular (RV) dilation (50% vs 19%) and RV systolic dysfunction (41% vs 9%) in the moderate–severe range (all p<0.05). Compared with controls, the acoustic profiles of PAH patients were characterised by increased S2 complexity, S2/S1 complexity and S2/S1 intensi ...
Atrial fibrillation – etiology and pathogenesis
Atrial fibrillation – etiology and pathogenesis

... The risk for bleeding should be assessed in all patients from AF/AFL group and in the case of ≥ 3 points in HAS-BLED score (hypertension, abnormal kidney/liver function, stroke, bleeding or bleeding tendency in anamnesis, unstable INR, elderly, drugs/alcohol) the treatment should be ordered with spe ...
Article 4, January - June 2008
Article 4, January - June 2008

... resistance and a newly derived parameter RVPEP/ VTIRVOT with r=0.87 and p value of < 0.0001. An RVPEP/ VTIRVOT value of <0.4 seconds/meter was able to select patients with pulmonary vascular resistance of <3 Wood units with 97% accuracy (100% sensitivity, and 92% specificity), even in the presence o ...
Chapter 35 - Extras Springer
Chapter 35 - Extras Springer

... syndrome is one of the primary indications for echocardiography. Assessment of global LV systolic function and detection of the presence and extent of regional myocardial dysfunction are routine clinical indications for echocardiography. This method also has an important prognostic value in patients ...
paced - Weebly
paced - Weebly

... A Brief Overview of What It Means To BiV Pace ...
I IIa IIb III - Northside Heart and Lung
I IIa IIb III - Northside Heart and Lung

... 5. Pacemaker implantation can be beneficial in ACHD patients, but access may be challenging and implantation should be performed at centers where staff is familiar with unusual anatomy of congenital heart defects. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... 5. Pacemaker implantation can be beneficial in ACHD patients, but access may be challenging and implantation should be performed at centers where staff is familiar with unusual anatomy of congenital heart defects. ...
ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With
ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With

... 5. Pacemaker implantation can be beneficial in ACHD patients, but access may be challenging and implantation should be performed at centers where staff is familiar with unusual anatomy of congenital heart defects. ...
2008 Slide Set - American College of Cardiology
2008 Slide Set - American College of Cardiology

... 5. Pacemaker implantation can be beneficial in ACHD patients, but access may be challenging and implantation should be performed at centers where staff is familiar with unusual anatomy of congenital heart defects. ...
chronic cor pulmonale - Heart
chronic cor pulmonale - Heart

... hypertension, particularly in COPD patients. Similarly, the radiological signs of pulmonary hypertension (increased width of the right descending pulmonary artery) are poorly sensitive and the radiological appearance of a dilated right ventricle is a very late (and inconsistent) sign. The non-invasi ...
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Mitral insufficiency



Mitral insufficiency (MI), mitral regurgitation or mitral incompetence is a disorder of the heart in which the mitral valve does not close properly when the heart pumps out blood. It is the abnormal leaking of blood backwards from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, i.e. there is regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium. MI is the most common form of valvular heart disease.
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