parasitism food web module
... (N1), resulting in indirect interactions between the two consumers (Fig. 1d). We do not distinguish parasitic consumers as “exploiters,” as both of the two consumers are exploiters of the basal mutualist. Examples of parasitic consumers that coexist in such food web modules are rhizobial bacteria ex ...
... (N1), resulting in indirect interactions between the two consumers (Fig. 1d). We do not distinguish parasitic consumers as “exploiters,” as both of the two consumers are exploiters of the basal mutualist. Examples of parasitic consumers that coexist in such food web modules are rhizobial bacteria ex ...
Biotic and Abiotic Factors Governing Nestling
... Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; and ...
... Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; and ...
Littoral - pelagic zone food web interactions in fishless, highly humic
... is also coupled to consumer production (Cole et al. 2002). Studies of zooplankton using natural abundances of stable isotopes support this view and indicate that zooplankton acquire some of their carbon from terrestrial sources. Aquatic bacteria use allochthonous DOC and consumption of bacteria by p ...
... is also coupled to consumer production (Cole et al. 2002). Studies of zooplankton using natural abundances of stable isotopes support this view and indicate that zooplankton acquire some of their carbon from terrestrial sources. Aquatic bacteria use allochthonous DOC and consumption of bacteria by p ...
Construction and validation of food webs using logic
... between two species are clear: the interaction is often defined by a specific problem, such as damage caused by slugs to a particular crop; and questions about the interaction can be broken down into conceptually simple steps that are experimentally tractable. There is also a considerable body of ec ...
... between two species are clear: the interaction is often defined by a specific problem, such as damage caused by slugs to a particular crop; and questions about the interaction can be broken down into conceptually simple steps that are experimentally tractable. There is also a considerable body of ec ...
Dynamical and system-wide properties of linear flow
... non-simple (Patten, 1975, 1983). This is what we confronted in the preliminaries to this study when we parameterized linearly formulated food-web models differently and examined their steady-state characteristics. Variation of internal flows and external inputs over several orders of magnitude gave i ...
... non-simple (Patten, 1975, 1983). This is what we confronted in the preliminaries to this study when we parameterized linearly formulated food-web models differently and examined their steady-state characteristics. Variation of internal flows and external inputs over several orders of magnitude gave i ...
Population Dynamics ppt
... Q. If the population of prey declines suggest two possible consequences for the predators. An animal which kills and eats another animal for food ...
... Q. If the population of prey declines suggest two possible consequences for the predators. An animal which kills and eats another animal for food ...
Food chain length and omnivory determine the stability of a marine
... found that including the negative density dependence could stabilize longer food chains, depending on where in the food chain the self-damping terms were included. Recently, Halpern et al. (2005) addressed these differing theoretical predictions with a meta-analysis designed to test how the presence ...
... found that including the negative density dependence could stabilize longer food chains, depending on where in the food chain the self-damping terms were included. Recently, Halpern et al. (2005) addressed these differing theoretical predictions with a meta-analysis designed to test how the presence ...
Coyotes - Nevada Department of Wildlife
... habitat where they can find food and a place to hide. They seem to show some preference for brush-covered rolling hills and flats. Today coyotes can be found living in green belts in cities across North America, including cities in Nevada. Many large cities in the West such as Los Angeles, Phoenix a ...
... habitat where they can find food and a place to hide. They seem to show some preference for brush-covered rolling hills and flats. Today coyotes can be found living in green belts in cities across North America, including cities in Nevada. Many large cities in the West such as Los Angeles, Phoenix a ...
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The... copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research
... 2007). Considerable insights into the potential implications of the ecological stoichiometry have been gained by a series of homeostatic consumer models that explicitly account for the effects of P-deficient food on zooplankton growth rate as well as on consumer-driven P recycling (e.g., Andersen, 19 ...
... 2007). Considerable insights into the potential implications of the ecological stoichiometry have been gained by a series of homeostatic consumer models that explicitly account for the effects of P-deficient food on zooplankton growth rate as well as on consumer-driven P recycling (e.g., Andersen, 19 ...
Is the role of trophic control larger in a stressed ecosystem?
... that the identification of trophic components wisely corresponds to functional groups and that flow data were correctly collected. However, many systematic problems of data quality and simplification can become of secondary importance when we focus only on differences between similarly described web ...
... that the identification of trophic components wisely corresponds to functional groups and that flow data were correctly collected. However, many systematic problems of data quality and simplification can become of secondary importance when we focus only on differences between similarly described web ...
Determinants of the detrital arthropod community structure: the
... and elevation on richness and abundance of multiple arthropod taxa: the abundance and richness of each taxa were our response variables. Because the MANCOVA yielded significant results (Wilks’ lambda " 0.054, p # 0.0001), we followed it with subsequent ANCOVA’s on each taxon. ANCOVA assesses how muc ...
... and elevation on richness and abundance of multiple arthropod taxa: the abundance and richness of each taxa were our response variables. Because the MANCOVA yielded significant results (Wilks’ lambda " 0.054, p # 0.0001), we followed it with subsequent ANCOVA’s on each taxon. ANCOVA assesses how muc ...
Ecology
... Energy Flow among Trophic Levels A trophic pyramid is a graphical representation of trophic relationships. A series of rectangles portray the relative amounts of energy or biomass of each level. A proportion of the biomass at each trophic level is not consumed, and a proportion of the energy at ...
... Energy Flow among Trophic Levels A trophic pyramid is a graphical representation of trophic relationships. A series of rectangles portray the relative amounts of energy or biomass of each level. A proportion of the biomass at each trophic level is not consumed, and a proportion of the energy at ...
The Coping Strategies Index - WFP Remote Access Secure Services
... Measuring food insecurity is a costly and complicated exercise. In highly food insecure countries operational agencies need regular measurements for monitoring changes and for assessing the impact of food aid interventions. Often these interventions take place in emergency conditions. Time is limite ...
... Measuring food insecurity is a costly and complicated exercise. In highly food insecure countries operational agencies need regular measurements for monitoring changes and for assessing the impact of food aid interventions. Often these interventions take place in emergency conditions. Time is limite ...
The roles of productivity and ecosystem size in determining food
... collected over a four-month period in 2010. Consumer abundance, diversity, and diet To explore mechanisms potentially driving patterns of increased FCL, we surveyed arthropod (primarily insect) abundance and diversity across islets using three different methods: (1) blacklight traps, (2) standardize ...
... collected over a four-month period in 2010. Consumer abundance, diversity, and diet To explore mechanisms potentially driving patterns of increased FCL, we surveyed arthropod (primarily insect) abundance and diversity across islets using three different methods: (1) blacklight traps, (2) standardize ...
EVPP 550 Waterscape Ecology and Management – Lecture 10
... Phytoplankton Patterns of Abundance • Empirical Data – A study compiled data from many lakes and found that the bimodal pattern we just described held very well for “eutrophic” lakes (here I would use the term “mesotrophic/eutrophic” – However, oligotrophic lakes did not show as clear a seasonal pa ...
... Phytoplankton Patterns of Abundance • Empirical Data – A study compiled data from many lakes and found that the bimodal pattern we just described held very well for “eutrophic” lakes (here I would use the term “mesotrophic/eutrophic” – However, oligotrophic lakes did not show as clear a seasonal pa ...
Squid Dissection – Information Sheet Squid are made of smaller
... Squid Dissection – Information Sheet Squid are made of smaller parts which are organized by shape and purpose. These layers of organization include cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. Can you identify a squids structures and their functions? Background The squid is one of ...
... Squid Dissection – Information Sheet Squid are made of smaller parts which are organized by shape and purpose. These layers of organization include cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. Can you identify a squids structures and their functions? Background The squid is one of ...
Trait and density mediated indirect interactions in simple
... Our purpose here is to motivate new kinds of field research that quantifies the contribution of traitmediated and predation-mediated effects on population dynamics. We present a collection of models that are caricatures of simple food webs. We use these to illustrate the principles involved in trans ...
... Our purpose here is to motivate new kinds of field research that quantifies the contribution of traitmediated and predation-mediated effects on population dynamics. We present a collection of models that are caricatures of simple food webs. We use these to illustrate the principles involved in trans ...
Interaction strengths in food webs
... For example, if the goal is to predict community changes resulting from a species removal, statistical Markov models may be a useful approach even though they do not clearly shed light on the patterning of interaction strengths or the exact mechanisms of change (e.g. Wootton 2001). Being clear about ...
... For example, if the goal is to predict community changes resulting from a species removal, statistical Markov models may be a useful approach even though they do not clearly shed light on the patterning of interaction strengths or the exact mechanisms of change (e.g. Wootton 2001). Being clear about ...
Interaction strengths in food webs - Centre for Biodiversity Theory
... For example, if the goal is to predict community changes resulting from a species removal, statistical Markov models may be a useful approach even though they do not clearly shed light on the patterning of interaction strengths or the exact mechanisms of change (e.g. Wootton 2001). Being clear about ...
... For example, if the goal is to predict community changes resulting from a species removal, statistical Markov models may be a useful approach even though they do not clearly shed light on the patterning of interaction strengths or the exact mechanisms of change (e.g. Wootton 2001). Being clear about ...
Modeling Food-Web Dynamics: Complexity
... how the astonishing diversity and complexity they observed in natural communities could persist, even though May himself insisted there was no paradox. As May put it, “In short, there is no comfortable theorem assuring that increasing diversity and complexity beget enhanced community stability; rat ...
... how the astonishing diversity and complexity they observed in natural communities could persist, even though May himself insisted there was no paradox. As May put it, “In short, there is no comfortable theorem assuring that increasing diversity and complexity beget enhanced community stability; rat ...
Density-dependent migration in an Amphiura filiformis (Amphiuridae
... Migratory behaviour. Migratory behaviour was studied in a separate experiment, in which 80 Amphiura f~liforrniswere added to one half of each of 2 aquaria (20 X 40 cm) with sieved sediment to remove macrofauna. The aquaria were connected to the flow-through sea water system as above. To cancel out a ...
... Migratory behaviour. Migratory behaviour was studied in a separate experiment, in which 80 Amphiura f~liforrniswere added to one half of each of 2 aquaria (20 X 40 cm) with sieved sediment to remove macrofauna. The aquaria were connected to the flow-through sea water system as above. To cancel out a ...
File - James S. Moran Physical Education Portfolio
... Is a group of organs working together to convert food to energy and basic nutrients to feed your body. Food that passes through in the digestive system in a long tube inside the body is known as the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). GI tract consists of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, s ...
... Is a group of organs working together to convert food to energy and basic nutrients to feed your body. Food that passes through in the digestive system in a long tube inside the body is known as the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). GI tract consists of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, s ...
ECOLOGY
... One example of these plants found in tropical rain forests is the bromeliad. Its leaves form a cup-like structure that is able to hold water. This water provides a feeding and breeding area for many insects and frogs. Snakes and lizards also come to these plants in search of food and water. A cross- ...
... One example of these plants found in tropical rain forests is the bromeliad. Its leaves form a cup-like structure that is able to hold water. This water provides a feeding and breeding area for many insects and frogs. Snakes and lizards also come to these plants in search of food and water. A cross- ...
Top-down and bottom-up diversity cascades in detrital vs. living food
... The hypotheses tested in this study are similar to the bottom-up and top-down cascades examined in previous studies, but we examine diversity rather than biomass at each consumer trophic level and treat the model system as a mesocosm that contains two unique, interacting communities – the living and ...
... The hypotheses tested in this study are similar to the bottom-up and top-down cascades examined in previous studies, but we examine diversity rather than biomass at each consumer trophic level and treat the model system as a mesocosm that contains two unique, interacting communities – the living and ...
`wasp-waist` food webs
... trying to measure their grazing impact. Nevertheless, marine scientists have tackled these issues, with a growing interest in end-to-end food-web models [12,32]. This is a prime area where terrestrial ecologists could learn from their marine colleagues to better understand the role of key consumers ...
... trying to measure their grazing impact. Nevertheless, marine scientists have tackled these issues, with a growing interest in end-to-end food-web models [12,32]. This is a prime area where terrestrial ecologists could learn from their marine colleagues to better understand the role of key consumers ...
Local food
Local food or the local food movement is a movement which aims to connect food producers and food consumers in the same geographic region; in order to develop more self-reliant and resilient food networks, improve local economies, or for health, environmental, community, or social impact in a particular place. The term has also been extended to include not only geographic location of supplier and consumer but can also be ""defined in terms of social and supply chain characteristics."" For example, local food initiatives often promote sustainable and organic farming practices, although these are not explicitly related to the geographic proximity of the producer and consumer.Local food represents an alternative to the global food model, a model which often sees food travelling long distances before it reaches the consumer. A local food network involves relationships between food producers, distributors, retailers, and consumers in a particular place where they work together to increase food security and ensure economic, ecological and social sustainability of a community