Chapter 14 - Ecosystems
... • Ecosystem – the sum of the community and the habitat. It is a self-sustaining collection of organisms and their physical environment. • Diversity – the measure of the number of species living there. The tropical rain forests are the most diverse terrestrial ecosystem having as many as 100 species ...
... • Ecosystem – the sum of the community and the habitat. It is a self-sustaining collection of organisms and their physical environment. • Diversity – the measure of the number of species living there. The tropical rain forests are the most diverse terrestrial ecosystem having as many as 100 species ...
Lecture 8 - Susan Schwinning
... The more species are present in a community: • the less connected the species should be; • the less resilient its populations; • the greater the impact of species removal; • the longer the persistence of species if no species removal. The more connected a community: • the fewer species there should ...
... The more species are present in a community: • the less connected the species should be; • the less resilient its populations; • the greater the impact of species removal; • the longer the persistence of species if no species removal. The more connected a community: • the fewer species there should ...
Study Guide: ECOLOGY Name
... 1. On the lines provided, write the letter of the term on the right that best matches each description. ...
... 1. On the lines provided, write the letter of the term on the right that best matches each description. ...
Ecology EOG Review - wendyadornato
... An ____________________ includes all the _______________ (living) and ____________________ (nonliving) parts of an environment as well as the interactions among them. Each ecosystem contains different ____________________________, or the place where an organism lives, that supply the same basic need ...
... An ____________________ includes all the _______________ (living) and ____________________ (nonliving) parts of an environment as well as the interactions among them. Each ecosystem contains different ____________________________, or the place where an organism lives, that supply the same basic need ...
BIO.9
... even more concentrated in higher and higher trophic levels. Thus the worst environmental effects of DDT were present in raptors at the top of the food chain. carnivores herbivores primary producers ...
... even more concentrated in higher and higher trophic levels. Thus the worst environmental effects of DDT were present in raptors at the top of the food chain. carnivores herbivores primary producers ...
Ecology - Part 2
... • 1. What is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into energy-rich carbon compounds? • 2. Explain what can happen over millions of years to the carbon compounds in organisms that die and decompose. • 3. What processes in the transparency release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? • 4. ...
... • 1. What is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into energy-rich carbon compounds? • 2. Explain what can happen over millions of years to the carbon compounds in organisms that die and decompose. • 3. What processes in the transparency release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? • 4. ...
Chapter 1 Reading Guide and Notes
... Explain what information is shown in a pyramid of numbers. It’s a graph that shows the number (count) of organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem. It usually has the appearance of a pyramid. How does size of organisms generally change as you move up through the trophic levels shown in a pyram ...
... Explain what information is shown in a pyramid of numbers. It’s a graph that shows the number (count) of organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem. It usually has the appearance of a pyramid. How does size of organisms generally change as you move up through the trophic levels shown in a pyram ...
Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology
... – Chains consist of 3 steps - but most have no more than five. Why? ...
... – Chains consist of 3 steps - but most have no more than five. Why? ...
Name____________________ Date__________ Pd
... 14. Why is the top of the food pyramid smaller than the bottom? There is a 10% drop in energy provided at each level. Therefore, the top trophic level can only support a few organisms. 15. According to the 10% rule energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. What happens ...
... 14. Why is the top of the food pyramid smaller than the bottom? There is a 10% drop in energy provided at each level. Therefore, the top trophic level can only support a few organisms. 15. According to the 10% rule energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. What happens ...
What Limits the Size of a Food Chain?
... • Long food chains are less stable than short food chains. • Population fluctuations in lower trophic levels are magnified at higher levels, potentially causing local extinctions. ...
... • Long food chains are less stable than short food chains. • Population fluctuations in lower trophic levels are magnified at higher levels, potentially causing local extinctions. ...
What is the source of energy in this ecosystem?
... A Food Chain is drawn using arrows to indicate the direction in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next. ...
... A Food Chain is drawn using arrows to indicate the direction in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next. ...
Community Ecology
... vi. greater environmental constancy leads to greater web connectance 3. Do predators regulate prey or vice versa? A. HSS - an explanation for "why the world is green" i. criticisms - Murdoch, Ehrlich and Birch ...
... vi. greater environmental constancy leads to greater web connectance 3. Do predators regulate prey or vice versa? A. HSS - an explanation for "why the world is green" i. criticisms - Murdoch, Ehrlich and Birch ...
Ecology Test Review Key Levels of Organization in the Biosphere
... 1. (pg. 77) Name and discuss the process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? Plants and other producers remove carbon (CO2)from the air through Photosynthesis. 2. Name and discuss the processes in which carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere?Carbon (CO2)is put back into the air th ...
... 1. (pg. 77) Name and discuss the process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? Plants and other producers remove carbon (CO2)from the air through Photosynthesis. 2. Name and discuss the processes in which carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere?Carbon (CO2)is put back into the air th ...
volunteer outline draft, signs of leaf-eaters, back side
... • Core Idea LS1C: All animals need food in order to live and grow. They obtain their food from plants or from other animals. Plants need water and light to live and grow. p.147 • Core Idea LS2A: Animals depend on their surroundings to get what they need, including food, water, shelter, and a favorab ...
... • Core Idea LS1C: All animals need food in order to live and grow. They obtain their food from plants or from other animals. Plants need water and light to live and grow. p.147 • Core Idea LS2A: Animals depend on their surroundings to get what they need, including food, water, shelter, and a favorab ...
Jungle_Powerpoint_Presentation
... flowers, trees, vegetables, fruits • Representation on Ecological (Trophic Level) Pyramid ...
... flowers, trees, vegetables, fruits • Representation on Ecological (Trophic Level) Pyramid ...
Introduction to Marine Ecology Lecture Notes
... A predator is an organism that kills and eats another organism (plant or animal), the prey. Scavengers feed on dead plants and animals that they have not killed. Decomposers are organisms (bacteria, fungi, protist) that break down organic material into inorganic nutrients (nitrates NO3 and phosphate ...
... A predator is an organism that kills and eats another organism (plant or animal), the prey. Scavengers feed on dead plants and animals that they have not killed. Decomposers are organisms (bacteria, fungi, protist) that break down organic material into inorganic nutrients (nitrates NO3 and phosphate ...
Biotic Relationships
... wastes releases nutrients back into the environment to be recycled by other organisms. • Examples: bacteria, fungi ...
... wastes releases nutrients back into the environment to be recycled by other organisms. • Examples: bacteria, fungi ...
Chapter 3 Review PPT
... primary producers. Inorganic chemical compounds provide energy for Earth’s other primary producers, the organisms that carry on chemosynthesis. Primary producers capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food for themselves. They then become food for other organisms. ...
... primary producers. Inorganic chemical compounds provide energy for Earth’s other primary producers, the organisms that carry on chemosynthesis. Primary producers capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food for themselves. They then become food for other organisms. ...
Ecology PowerPoint
... – Weeds/ wild flowers->perennials-> shrubs-> trees • ***Climax community = stable end point *** ...
... – Weeds/ wild flowers->perennials-> shrubs-> trees • ***Climax community = stable end point *** ...
Ecosystems Review
... Predators feed on other organisms. Prey are the organisms that get eaten. The prey population needs to be larger than the predator population. As the prey population increases, the predator population increases. If the prey population decreases, the predator population decreases. Predation keeps pop ...
... Predators feed on other organisms. Prey are the organisms that get eaten. The prey population needs to be larger than the predator population. As the prey population increases, the predator population increases. If the prey population decreases, the predator population decreases. Predation keeps pop ...
PPT for Aug 29 HW
... • Q7. Identify and describe the biotic and the abiotic components of the ecosystem such as the Gulshan Lake that is a part of your community. • Q8. Name and describe the roles of the three main trophic categories that make up the biotic structure of every ecosystem. Give examples of ...
... • Q7. Identify and describe the biotic and the abiotic components of the ecosystem such as the Gulshan Lake that is a part of your community. • Q8. Name and describe the roles of the three main trophic categories that make up the biotic structure of every ecosystem. Give examples of ...
Ecology
... • Autotrophs - self + food, producers, most energy, biomass, largest pop. Apex Predators ...
... • Autotrophs - self + food, producers, most energy, biomass, largest pop. Apex Predators ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.