Slide 1
... Simulations generally examine the influence of small changes in predator & prey populations away from equilibria Two criteria for assessing stability: Do populations return to equilibrium sizes? How long does the system take to return to equilibrium? The way in which the matrices are constructed (e. ...
... Simulations generally examine the influence of small changes in predator & prey populations away from equilibria Two criteria for assessing stability: Do populations return to equilibrium sizes? How long does the system take to return to equilibrium? The way in which the matrices are constructed (e. ...
Chapter 22
... Climatic factors of moisture, temperature, light, and wind are important in determining plant distributions. Bioclimatic frontiers are boundaries that mark the limits of the potential distribution of a species. Geomorphic factors influencing ecosystems include slope steepness and slope aspect. E ...
... Climatic factors of moisture, temperature, light, and wind are important in determining plant distributions. Bioclimatic frontiers are boundaries that mark the limits of the potential distribution of a species. Geomorphic factors influencing ecosystems include slope steepness and slope aspect. E ...
The Ecosystem
... • Other factors: elevation, vegetation, animals, amount of water, type of water (salt or fresh), etc. ...
... • Other factors: elevation, vegetation, animals, amount of water, type of water (salt or fresh), etc. ...
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
... Human activity creates many harmful pollutants. These build up in the environment when decomposers are unable to break them down. Plants take up these pollutants. The pollutants are then transferred along the food chain until they reach the highest trophic level. Bioaccumulation refers to the gradua ...
... Human activity creates many harmful pollutants. These build up in the environment when decomposers are unable to break them down. Plants take up these pollutants. The pollutants are then transferred along the food chain until they reach the highest trophic level. Bioaccumulation refers to the gradua ...
Living Things Unit Outline
... POPULATION—group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time COMMUNITY—all of the populations of different species that live and interact in an area (biotic) ECOSYSTEM—communities of organisms and their nonliving environment (biotic and abiotic) BI ...
... POPULATION—group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time COMMUNITY—all of the populations of different species that live and interact in an area (biotic) ECOSYSTEM—communities of organisms and their nonliving environment (biotic and abiotic) BI ...
ESS Topic 2.1 - Ecosystem Structures
... a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment, interacting as a functional unit, [applicable on a variety of scales]. (source: citizenship.yara.com/en/resources/glossary/index.html ...
... a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment, interacting as a functional unit, [applicable on a variety of scales]. (source: citizenship.yara.com/en/resources/glossary/index.html ...
Foraging Ecology
... population’s growth? Explain what the terms mean in words. Now do the same for how you would incorporate the effect of prey abundance into an exponential model for a predator population’s growth. 2) Describe the three key components of the predation process and how they affect the functional respons ...
... population’s growth? Explain what the terms mean in words. Now do the same for how you would incorporate the effect of prey abundance into an exponential model for a predator population’s growth. 2) Describe the three key components of the predation process and how they affect the functional respons ...
BIOMES
... A population of two or more species in a given habitat is called a community. There may be more than one community in a given ecosystem. ...
... A population of two or more species in a given habitat is called a community. There may be more than one community in a given ecosystem. ...
6 slides
... • Organisms that consume dead organic matter and excrete it in a further decomposed state ...
... • Organisms that consume dead organic matter and excrete it in a further decomposed state ...
1 - Scioly.org
... Populations consist of individuals of an interbreeding species. Many coexisting populations constitute a community, and many communities coexist within a biome. ...
... Populations consist of individuals of an interbreeding species. Many coexisting populations constitute a community, and many communities coexist within a biome. ...
BIO 1C Study Guide 3: short distance flow, xylem and phloem flow
... What type of system energetics would predict long food chain length (high energy input)? Food chains are energy limited – 4-7 links is about max. What kind of food chain is most unstable (long)? Why? What is a sere? What are the general characteristics of organisms that form early successional seres ...
... What type of system energetics would predict long food chain length (high energy input)? Food chains are energy limited – 4-7 links is about max. What kind of food chain is most unstable (long)? Why? What is a sere? What are the general characteristics of organisms that form early successional seres ...
Chapter 5 power point
... next, most of the useful energy (90%) is lost as heat (second law of thermodynamics). Because it is difficult to measure the amount of energy contained in each trophic level, biomass (weight of living material) is often used as a proxy. ...
... next, most of the useful energy (90%) is lost as heat (second law of thermodynamics). Because it is difficult to measure the amount of energy contained in each trophic level, biomass (weight of living material) is often used as a proxy. ...
Name - Ms. Ottolini`s Biology Wiki!
... 2. Biome = major habitat areas, either terrestrial (on land) or ____________ (in water) List two examples of biomes: ______________ and ______________ 3. Ecosystems = all the organisms and ______________ things in a particular place 4. Communities = all the interacting ______________ in an area (onl ...
... 2. Biome = major habitat areas, either terrestrial (on land) or ____________ (in water) List two examples of biomes: ______________ and ______________ 3. Ecosystems = all the organisms and ______________ things in a particular place 4. Communities = all the interacting ______________ in an area (onl ...
Ch 06 - Species Interaction and Community Ecology
... III. Ecological Communities A. Energy passes among trophic levels. 1. As organisms feed on one another, energy moves through the community, from one rank in the feeding hierarchy, or trophic level, to another. 2. Producers, or autotrophs (“self-feeders”), comprise the first trophic level. a. Produce ...
... III. Ecological Communities A. Energy passes among trophic levels. 1. As organisms feed on one another, energy moves through the community, from one rank in the feeding hierarchy, or trophic level, to another. 2. Producers, or autotrophs (“self-feeders”), comprise the first trophic level. a. Produce ...
06_3eOutline
... III. Ecological Communities A. Energy passes among trophic levels. 1. As organisms feed on one another, energy moves through the community, from one rank in the feeding hierarchy, or trophic level, to another. 2. Producers, or autotrophs (“self-feeders”), comprise the first trophic level. a. Produce ...
... III. Ecological Communities A. Energy passes among trophic levels. 1. As organisms feed on one another, energy moves through the community, from one rank in the feeding hierarchy, or trophic level, to another. 2. Producers, or autotrophs (“self-feeders”), comprise the first trophic level. a. Produce ...
populations
... White-tails have a home territory that is less than one square mile. If the deer in an area decrease because of python predation, how does that affect the ecosystem? Think – what else eats deer? What do deer eat? Think in both directions of the food chain. ...
... White-tails have a home territory that is less than one square mile. If the deer in an area decrease because of python predation, how does that affect the ecosystem? Think – what else eats deer? What do deer eat? Think in both directions of the food chain. ...
Biology: the Science of Life: Ecology: Organisms in Their Environment
... % of the energy stored in the first order consumers are passed on to the second order consumers. When 3rd order consumers eat the second order consumer only 5% of the available energy is passes on. To make this easier to understand ecologists use a pyramid of numbers based on the number of organisms ...
... % of the energy stored in the first order consumers are passed on to the second order consumers. When 3rd order consumers eat the second order consumer only 5% of the available energy is passes on. To make this easier to understand ecologists use a pyramid of numbers based on the number of organisms ...
PowerPoint Rubric: Ecology Test Review
... trophic level to another and the three ways the energy is lost and/or used within the trophic level. 10% is transferred 1. Given off as heat 2. Growth and reproduction 3. Some excreted as waste ...
... trophic level to another and the three ways the energy is lost and/or used within the trophic level. 10% is transferred 1. Given off as heat 2. Growth and reproduction 3. Some excreted as waste ...
Ecosystem
... Community: all the interacting populations in a given area Ecosystem: the living community and the physical environment functioning together as an independent and relatively stable system. Biome: Geographic area on Earth that contains ecosystems with similar biotic-abiotic features and climate chara ...
... Community: all the interacting populations in a given area Ecosystem: the living community and the physical environment functioning together as an independent and relatively stable system. Biome: Geographic area on Earth that contains ecosystems with similar biotic-abiotic features and climate chara ...
Biology 1407 Notes Exam 5 - Ecology Ch 34, 37, 38 Ecology
... - nitrifying bacteria in the soil convert ammonium to nitrates. - denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates back into nitrogen. - plants use nitrates and ammonium to make proteins and other organic molecules. - organic nitrogen (proteins) passes through the community (trophic levels) as food. - decompo ...
... - nitrifying bacteria in the soil convert ammonium to nitrates. - denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates back into nitrogen. - plants use nitrates and ammonium to make proteins and other organic molecules. - organic nitrogen (proteins) passes through the community (trophic levels) as food. - decompo ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.