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Living Environment Final Exam
Green Review Packet
Define each of the following terms and give two examples of
each. Each example must have two organisms.
Parasitism - the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one
receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (usually not fatal damage)
Example 1:
Parasite – mosquito
Host - human
Example 2:
Parasite – deer tick
Host – white-tailed deer
Define each of the following terms and give two examples of
each. Each example must have two organisms.
Mutualism - the relation between two different species of organisms that are
interdependent
Example 1: Humming bird (receives nectar)
Flower (gets pollinated)
Example 2: Cleaning shrimp (receives food)
Angelfish (has parasites removed)
Define each of the following terms and give two examples of
each. Each example must have two organisms.
Commensalism - the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one
receives benefits from the other without damaging it
Example 1: Barnacles (receive transportation
and shelter)
Sea turtle (no benefit or harm)
Example 2: Clown fish (receive shelter)
Sea anenome (no benefit or harm)
Define each of the following terms and give two examples of
each. Each example must have two organisms.
Predator – Prey: predator - any animal that lives by preying on other animals
prey - animal hunted or caught for food
Example 1: Lion (predator)
Zebra (prey)
Example 2: Grizzly Bear (predator)
Salmon (prey)
Define each of the following terms and give two examples of
each. Each example must have two organisms.
Saprophytism: an organism, such as fungi or bacteria feeding on dead organic
matter
Example 1: Bread mold (saprophyte)
Bread (organic matter)
Example 2: Mushroom (saprophyte)
Tree (organic matter)
Define carrying capacity: largest number of individuals in a
population that a given environment can support
X
There are limited amounts of food and shelter available to chipmunks in a
given habitat. If there are too many chipmunks, they will eat too much food.
There will not be enough food over time and some of the population will die.
Define interspecific competition: a form of competition in which
individuals of different species compete for the same resource in an
ecosystem.
Explain why squirrels and chipmunks using the same food source in a certain habitat
is an example of interspecific competition.
Squirrels and chipmunks are different species. Both species depend upon the
limited amount food produced by the plants found in their habitat.
Define intraspecific competition: a form of competition in which
members of the same species compete for limited resources.
Explain why grey squirrels moving into a forest already occupied by grey squirrelsis
cause intraspecific competition.
The new grey squirrels will have to find food an shelter in the forest. They will be
using the same resources as the original squirrels. Because the resources are
limited, the squirrels will have to compete for what is available.
In addition to food, list other resources which might lead to competition between
organisms: water, shelter, space, light (for plants), nutrients
Examine the food web below and answer the items that follow.
1. Why would a grass fire limit the carrying capacity of the habitat for the hawk(s)?
The hawk depends upon the secondary consumers (snakes) and the primary
consumers (mice and rabbits). The mice and rabbits depend upon the grass. With less
grass available, there will be fewer mice and rabbits over time, which will eventually
limit the number of hawks.
2. The death of the mountain lion would quickly lead to an increase in the deer
population. However, why would the death of the mountain lion eventually cause the
deer population to fall? Use the terms “trees and shrubs” and “carrying capacity in
your answer.
Deer eat trees and shrubs in the habitat. The carrying capacity is determined by the
amount of trees and shrubs available in the habitat. Without a predator, the deer
population will grow until it exceeds the carrying capacity. The deer population will
then decrease until it stabilizes at its carrying capacity (when there are enough trees
and shrubs).
Examine the food web diagrams below. Explain why Food Web 1 is more stable
than Food Web 2. Use the following terms as part of your answer: “more
biodiversity”, “less biodiversity”, “more stable”, “less stable, “if the snails die for
some reason, the…”
Food Web 1 is more stable, because it has more biodiversity. There are two different
producers, four different primary consumers and three different secondary consumers.
Food Web 2 is less stable, because it has less biodiversity. There is one producer, one
primary consumer, and one secondary consumer. In Food Web 2, If the snails die for
some reason, there would not be a source of food for the shorebirds. The number of
shorebirds would decrease, which would reduce the number of hawks and coyotes. In
Food Web 1, if the snails die for some reason, the shorebirds, raccoons and crabs still
have other food sources.
Which term includes all of the others?
habitat, prey, den, niche, nesting material, predators, parasites
HABITAT
Explain, using a definition as part of your answer, why you chose that term to include
all the others?
A habitat is a place where an organism or a community of organisms lives, including all
living and nonliving factors or conditions of the surrounding environment. Predators,
prey, and parasites represent a community of organisms. Each organism has a role, or
occupies a niche in the habitat. Certain organisms utilize dens for shelter, or require
nesting material to breed successfully. These non-living factors are found within the
organisms’ habitat.