Chapter 8 & 5 powerpoint file
... synapses are most common. Electrical synapses are found in the CNS and other cells that use electrical signals (heart) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... synapses are most common. Electrical synapses are found in the CNS and other cells that use electrical signals (heart) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Spinal nerves, cervical, lumbar and sacral plexus
... • Occur simultaneously, coordinated with flexor reflex • e.g., flexor reflex causes leg to pull up: – crossed extensor reflex straightens other leg – to receive body weight – maintained by reverberating circuits ...
... • Occur simultaneously, coordinated with flexor reflex • e.g., flexor reflex causes leg to pull up: – crossed extensor reflex straightens other leg – to receive body weight – maintained by reverberating circuits ...
Chapter Three Biological Aspects of Psychology
... androgen, and cortisol. (Chapter 3, The Endocrine System: Coordinating the Internal World section) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. ...
... androgen, and cortisol. (Chapter 3, The Endocrine System: Coordinating the Internal World section) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. ...
Appendix Basics of the Nervous System
... of a neuron. The additional features of a neuron that are important to note include the dendrites [to glossary], soma [to glossary], axon [to glossary] and terminals [to glossary]. The dendrites receive information from other neurons. Their function will described below when the synapse is discussed ...
... of a neuron. The additional features of a neuron that are important to note include the dendrites [to glossary], soma [to glossary], axon [to glossary] and terminals [to glossary]. The dendrites receive information from other neurons. Their function will described below when the synapse is discussed ...
Impact of Selection Strength on the Evolution
... yields a jump of just under 10, 000 in score, followed by minor jumps that restore the additional 320 timing points. Almost all runs have to repair (or initially discover) the timing mechanism after the first major innovation, but only 10-40% do so after the others. The very strong selection protoco ...
... yields a jump of just under 10, 000 in score, followed by minor jumps that restore the additional 320 timing points. Almost all runs have to repair (or initially discover) the timing mechanism after the first major innovation, but only 10-40% do so after the others. The very strong selection protoco ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional ...
... non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional ...
Supplement: A Heuristic Model of Alcohol Dependence
... no targeted study has shed light on the quantification of relative functional weights, and a firm definition of the term “functional weight” has not yet been established. One challenge for the quantification of relative functional weights is that it is not known whether each disease phenomenon (e.g. ...
... no targeted study has shed light on the quantification of relative functional weights, and a firm definition of the term “functional weight” has not yet been established. One challenge for the quantification of relative functional weights is that it is not known whether each disease phenomenon (e.g. ...
Effects of Correlated Input on Development of Structure in an
... Neuronal Network Model In order to explore the effects of an LRTC process on the clustering motifs formed in a neuronal network, we use a model from Van Ooyen & Van Pelt (1996). This model of activity-dependent neurite outgrowth allows us to input various processes and analyse the network of connect ...
... Neuronal Network Model In order to explore the effects of an LRTC process on the clustering motifs formed in a neuronal network, we use a model from Van Ooyen & Van Pelt (1996). This model of activity-dependent neurite outgrowth allows us to input various processes and analyse the network of connect ...
BrainMechanismsofUnconsciousInference2011
... Neuronal Structure and Function • Neurons combine excitatory and inhibitory signals obtained from other neurons. • They signal to other neurons primarily via ‘spikes’ or action potentials. ...
... Neuronal Structure and Function • Neurons combine excitatory and inhibitory signals obtained from other neurons. • They signal to other neurons primarily via ‘spikes’ or action potentials. ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... dependent neither on metabotropic glutamate receptors nor voltage-gated Ca 2⫹ channels of the L and T types. Further pharmacological analysis indicated that voltage-gated Ca 2⫹ channels other than the P/Q type, such as N and R types, were not involved in LTP, suggesting that P/Q-type channels are a ...
... dependent neither on metabotropic glutamate receptors nor voltage-gated Ca 2⫹ channels of the L and T types. Further pharmacological analysis indicated that voltage-gated Ca 2⫹ channels other than the P/Q type, such as N and R types, were not involved in LTP, suggesting that P/Q-type channels are a ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... of 1.3–1.7 ms in which equilibrium potentials were slightly more negative than resting potentials. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) reversed with large amplitudes after the injection of chloride ions suggesting a proximal soma-dendritic location of terminals exhibiting high efficacy in ...
... of 1.3–1.7 ms in which equilibrium potentials were slightly more negative than resting potentials. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) reversed with large amplitudes after the injection of chloride ions suggesting a proximal soma-dendritic location of terminals exhibiting high efficacy in ...
Vestibular System
... CNS Connections: Vestibular nerve fibers (axons from neuron cell bodies of the vestibular ganglion) travel from the inner ear to the brain. They synapse in vestibular nuclei of the brainstem and in the nodulus or flocculus of the cerebellum. ...
... CNS Connections: Vestibular nerve fibers (axons from neuron cell bodies of the vestibular ganglion) travel from the inner ear to the brain. They synapse in vestibular nuclei of the brainstem and in the nodulus or flocculus of the cerebellum. ...
Is Cell Death Primary or Secondary in the Pathophysiology of
... were found in the synaptosome-fraction that contained detached presynaptic terminals (a portion was released from synaptosomes during preparation). To confirm the presynaptic localization, the synaptosomes were disrupted by hypotonic lysis [49], and the -synuclein aggregates located inside them shi ...
... were found in the synaptosome-fraction that contained detached presynaptic terminals (a portion was released from synaptosomes during preparation). To confirm the presynaptic localization, the synaptosomes were disrupted by hypotonic lysis [49], and the -synuclein aggregates located inside them shi ...
Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... Spontaneous plateau depolarizations were observed sporadically during baseline recordings. These events lasted 452.9 ± 122.2 ms and occurred about once every 12 min (0.0014 ± 0.0004 Hz, n = 16). Spontaneous depolarizations were not observed in slices from immature animals (PD < 40, n = 26). Because ...
... Spontaneous plateau depolarizations were observed sporadically during baseline recordings. These events lasted 452.9 ± 122.2 ms and occurred about once every 12 min (0.0014 ± 0.0004 Hz, n = 16). Spontaneous depolarizations were not observed in slices from immature animals (PD < 40, n = 26). Because ...
Theroleofdendritesinauditory coincidence detection
... Coincidence-detector neurons in the auditory brainstem of mammals and birds use interaural time differences to localize sounds1,2. Each neuron receives many narrow-band inputs from both ears and compares the time of arrival of the inputs with an accuracy of 10–100 ms (refs 3–6). Neurons that receive ...
... Coincidence-detector neurons in the auditory brainstem of mammals and birds use interaural time differences to localize sounds1,2. Each neuron receives many narrow-band inputs from both ears and compares the time of arrival of the inputs with an accuracy of 10–100 ms (refs 3–6). Neurons that receive ...
Cellular processes underlying maturation of P19 neurons: Changes
... model to reveal the cellular program underlying neurite extension and synapse maturation. Recently, a proteomic comparative study on P19 neurons showed that neural differentiation is associated with marked changes in the expression of about 30 proteins that are either induced or repressed relative t ...
... model to reveal the cellular program underlying neurite extension and synapse maturation. Recently, a proteomic comparative study on P19 neurons showed that neural differentiation is associated with marked changes in the expression of about 30 proteins that are either induced or repressed relative t ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... they are present in the axon at the site of damage. In the current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also ev ...
... they are present in the axon at the site of damage. In the current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also ev ...
Prevalent Presence of Periodic Actin-spectrin-based
... cultured from mouse central and peripheral nervous systems, including excitatory and inhibitory neurons from several brain regions, as well as sensory and motor neurons. Quantitative analyses show that MPS is preferentially formed in axons in all neuronal types tested here: spectrin shows a long-ran ...
... cultured from mouse central and peripheral nervous systems, including excitatory and inhibitory neurons from several brain regions, as well as sensory and motor neurons. Quantitative analyses show that MPS is preferentially formed in axons in all neuronal types tested here: spectrin shows a long-ran ...
Connections of the Hypothalamus
... sections through the rat hypothalamus to show the location of the DMH in the tuberal region (B), as well as five small cell groups in the preoptic region with which the DMH shares dense bidirectional connections (A). Level A is rostral to level B, as can be appreciated from the schematic horizontal ...
... sections through the rat hypothalamus to show the location of the DMH in the tuberal region (B), as well as five small cell groups in the preoptic region with which the DMH shares dense bidirectional connections (A). Level A is rostral to level B, as can be appreciated from the schematic horizontal ...
Neural Oscillations
... It is much easier to have oscillations in the model than not to have them: – Delayed feedback inhibition is one of the main causes of oscillations, and there is no instantaneous feedback in vivo Oscillations allow to synchronize neurons across multiple brain regions: – Modulatory systems that set os ...
... It is much easier to have oscillations in the model than not to have them: – Delayed feedback inhibition is one of the main causes of oscillations, and there is no instantaneous feedback in vivo Oscillations allow to synchronize neurons across multiple brain regions: – Modulatory systems that set os ...
Five Essential Components to the Reflex Arc
... they synapse on a lower motor neuron. Symptom of an upper motor neuron disorder is when the patient has weakness or paralysis but reflexes work normally. • INTERNEURONS: These are found in the brain and spinal cord. The ones in the spinal cord have their cell bodies in the dorsal half of the gray ma ...
... they synapse on a lower motor neuron. Symptom of an upper motor neuron disorder is when the patient has weakness or paralysis but reflexes work normally. • INTERNEURONS: These are found in the brain and spinal cord. The ones in the spinal cord have their cell bodies in the dorsal half of the gray ma ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... converge on small caliber (distal) dendrites (depicted by the gray terminals surrounding a section of dendrite, pink, modified from Robson and Hall, 1977). Repetitive stimulation of layer VI corticothalamic terminals results in a frequency-dependent facilitation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials ...
... converge on small caliber (distal) dendrites (depicted by the gray terminals surrounding a section of dendrite, pink, modified from Robson and Hall, 1977). Repetitive stimulation of layer VI corticothalamic terminals results in a frequency-dependent facilitation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...