My Secret Role in True Happiness: A Story of a Neuron
... the incident, Lucy stopped ingesting cocaine and the release of dopamine from my neighbor stopped. At first, I was elated that the constant overstimulation I had been feeling for years ceased. However, I soon began to feel an ache for the neurotransmitter. What small amount of dopamine I did receive ...
... the incident, Lucy stopped ingesting cocaine and the release of dopamine from my neighbor stopped. At first, I was elated that the constant overstimulation I had been feeling for years ceased. However, I soon began to feel an ache for the neurotransmitter. What small amount of dopamine I did receive ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the striatum and, consequently, other divisions of the basal ganglia. The main synaptic targets of the cortical and thalamic inputs to the basal ganglia are the medium-sized densely spiny projection neurons of the striatu ...
... projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the striatum and, consequently, other divisions of the basal ganglia. The main synaptic targets of the cortical and thalamic inputs to the basal ganglia are the medium-sized densely spiny projection neurons of the striatu ...
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
... ments: intercalating growth depends on homophilic adhe sion mediated by extracellular Ig domains. For functional cluster formation, intracellular Ankyrin2 association is suf ficient on one side of the trans-axonal complex whereas Moesin association is likely required simultaneously in both interac ...
... ments: intercalating growth depends on homophilic adhe sion mediated by extracellular Ig domains. For functional cluster formation, intracellular Ankyrin2 association is suf ficient on one side of the trans-axonal complex whereas Moesin association is likely required simultaneously in both interac ...
NAlab07_AuditVest
... The peripheral apparatus of the auditory system (NTA, Fig. 7-3) conducts pressure (i.e., sound) waves from the environment to the flexible basilar membrane. Mechanical displacement of the basilar membrane activates auditory receptor cells, called hair cells, by deflection of the microvilli (or hairs ...
... The peripheral apparatus of the auditory system (NTA, Fig. 7-3) conducts pressure (i.e., sound) waves from the environment to the flexible basilar membrane. Mechanical displacement of the basilar membrane activates auditory receptor cells, called hair cells, by deflection of the microvilli (or hairs ...
Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus Superior
... The large calyceal synapses between the globular bushy axons and the MNTB cells are very unusual one and can be seen prominently in Fig. 1. It is often said to be the largest synapse in the brain. The presynaptic element is so large that recordings can be made from both the pre- and post-synaptic ne ...
... The large calyceal synapses between the globular bushy axons and the MNTB cells are very unusual one and can be seen prominently in Fig. 1. It is often said to be the largest synapse in the brain. The presynaptic element is so large that recordings can be made from both the pre- and post-synaptic ne ...
Theory of Arachnid Prey Localization
... The key question is now: given the data from these eight sense organs, how does the sand scorpion—or for that matter any vibration-sensitive arachnid—determine the stimulus direction? To answer this question we must know the “hardware,” viz., the anatomy of the relevant part of the animal’s brain [9 ...
... The key question is now: given the data from these eight sense organs, how does the sand scorpion—or for that matter any vibration-sensitive arachnid—determine the stimulus direction? To answer this question we must know the “hardware,” viz., the anatomy of the relevant part of the animal’s brain [9 ...
Skeletal Muscle Mechanics
... organ. Normally this will never occur as most nerves store sufficient neurotransmitter for several thousand full quanta releases. ...
... organ. Normally this will never occur as most nerves store sufficient neurotransmitter for several thousand full quanta releases. ...
Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating
... flow along the tracheobronchial tree. A similar arrangement has been described in the parasympathetic control of the enteric tract (215). This unified concept does not exclude the probability that some of the vagal preganglionic neurons also provide, to a lesser degree, direct innervation of airway ...
... flow along the tracheobronchial tree. A similar arrangement has been described in the parasympathetic control of the enteric tract (215). This unified concept does not exclude the probability that some of the vagal preganglionic neurons also provide, to a lesser degree, direct innervation of airway ...
Principles of Extracellular Single
... well known.8 If a spike were generated at the dendrites rather than at the initial segment, the dendrites would initially act as a sink, then as a source for active membrane at the soma and the axon. Again, the actual impact on the extracellular waveform would depend on geometry of the dendrites and ...
... well known.8 If a spike were generated at the dendrites rather than at the initial segment, the dendrites would initially act as a sink, then as a source for active membrane at the soma and the axon. Again, the actual impact on the extracellular waveform would depend on geometry of the dendrites and ...
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
... wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same function (increased conduction velocity) as the myelin sheath in vertebrate nerve fibe ...
... wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same function (increased conduction velocity) as the myelin sheath in vertebrate nerve fibe ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same function (increased conduction velocity) as the myelin sheath in vertebrate nerve fibe ...
... wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same function (increased conduction velocity) as the myelin sheath in vertebrate nerve fibe ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... input synapses which are the primary influence on postsynaptic activity during encoding. In contrast, associative memory models focus on storage of associations between patterns of activity imposed by external input. Thus, the input arrives along afferent input connections which have been previously m ...
... input synapses which are the primary influence on postsynaptic activity during encoding. In contrast, associative memory models focus on storage of associations between patterns of activity imposed by external input. Thus, the input arrives along afferent input connections which have been previously m ...
THE PEDAL NEURONS OF APLYSIA PUNCTATA
... Experiments using the recording technique reveal that many of the axons in the first nerve show very small action potentials (Fig. 3 A) which are more clearly seen by photographing a number of superimposed sweeps. There are also a number of presumably larger axons which show action potentials well a ...
... Experiments using the recording technique reveal that many of the axons in the first nerve show very small action potentials (Fig. 3 A) which are more clearly seen by photographing a number of superimposed sweeps. There are also a number of presumably larger axons which show action potentials well a ...
pjp6`2001.vp:CorelVentura 7.0 - Institute of Pharmacology
... not show GR-immunopositive material. Above data are in sharp contrast to the data collected from the locus coeruleus, which has been used as a positive control, where we observed a clear co-localization of GR with TH. In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that dopaminergic neurons of the rat ...
... not show GR-immunopositive material. Above data are in sharp contrast to the data collected from the locus coeruleus, which has been used as a positive control, where we observed a clear co-localization of GR with TH. In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that dopaminergic neurons of the rat ...
Naturally Occurring Fluctuation in Dendritic
... and McEwen, 1990). We are currently investigating whether similar changes in dendritic spine density across the estrous cycle also reflect natural fluctuation of synaptic density. It is interesting to note that studies examining the effects of ovarian steroids on hippocampal neuronal excitability in ...
... and McEwen, 1990). We are currently investigating whether similar changes in dendritic spine density across the estrous cycle also reflect natural fluctuation of synaptic density. It is interesting to note that studies examining the effects of ovarian steroids on hippocampal neuronal excitability in ...
Centrosome Motility Is Essential for Initial Axon Formation in the Neocortex
... compensate for the lack of centrioles. Importantly, the function of the centrosome as a MTOC was shown to be dispensable for axonal extension in cultured hippocampal neurons (Stiess et al., 2010), yet it is unclear whether the position of axon formation in neurons of the developing cortex depends on ...
... compensate for the lack of centrioles. Importantly, the function of the centrosome as a MTOC was shown to be dispensable for axonal extension in cultured hippocampal neurons (Stiess et al., 2010), yet it is unclear whether the position of axon formation in neurons of the developing cortex depends on ...
Role of Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress - Diabetes
... endoneurial microangiopathy, early structural abnormalities in Schwann cells in myelinated fibers, and degeneration and loss of unmyelinated and myelinated fibers; however, in intact axons, mitochondria appeared structurally normal (1,13). In addition, studies performed on postmortem samples from ty ...
... endoneurial microangiopathy, early structural abnormalities in Schwann cells in myelinated fibers, and degeneration and loss of unmyelinated and myelinated fibers; however, in intact axons, mitochondria appeared structurally normal (1,13). In addition, studies performed on postmortem samples from ty ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... disconnection of the dendrites following the laser operation. The morphology of phasmid neurons provided an opportunity to test the resolution of the laser-assisted axotomy. We were able to cut one of the closely fasciculated dendrites (only few micrometers apart) while leaving the other dendrites i ...
... disconnection of the dendrites following the laser operation. The morphology of phasmid neurons provided an opportunity to test the resolution of the laser-assisted axotomy. We were able to cut one of the closely fasciculated dendrites (only few micrometers apart) while leaving the other dendrites i ...
Pattern Recognition by Labeled Graph Matching
... retina S some low level vision mechanism selects one neuron per node of the grid o f L ~t). The distribution of feature types over the plane o f L m represents the image projected into the retina. (This restriction to one cell per node is made for the sake of simplification. It is easy to generalize ...
... retina S some low level vision mechanism selects one neuron per node of the grid o f L ~t). The distribution of feature types over the plane o f L m represents the image projected into the retina. (This restriction to one cell per node is made for the sake of simplification. It is easy to generalize ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... and synaptic plasticity Few studies have clarified the inputs to BLA GABAergic cells as well as their specialized roles within the network. The PV+ interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from P-cells of BLA but weak inputs from the cerebral cortex [45] suggesting a main role in feedback inhib ...
... and synaptic plasticity Few studies have clarified the inputs to BLA GABAergic cells as well as their specialized roles within the network. The PV+ interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from P-cells of BLA but weak inputs from the cerebral cortex [45] suggesting a main role in feedback inhib ...
Efficient gene delivery to the adult and fetal CNS using
... pseudotyped vector also showed neuron-specific transduction in the cortex (Figures 2g, h and j). However, although transduced neurons were observed in the cortex in both hemispheres, the efficiency of transduction was clearly much less than that seen using VSVG pseudotype. Similarly, low levels of n ...
... pseudotyped vector also showed neuron-specific transduction in the cortex (Figures 2g, h and j). However, although transduced neurons were observed in the cortex in both hemispheres, the efficiency of transduction was clearly much less than that seen using VSVG pseudotype. Similarly, low levels of n ...
14-1 SENSATION FIGURE 14.1 1. The general senses provide
... B. The association areas are involved with evaluating the stimuli and relating the stimuli to past experience. For example, the visual association area determines if an object is someone's face and if it is the face of a friend or a stranger. CONTROL OF SKELETAL MUSCLES 1. Contraction of skeletal mu ...
... B. The association areas are involved with evaluating the stimuli and relating the stimuli to past experience. For example, the visual association area determines if an object is someone's face and if it is the face of a friend or a stranger. CONTROL OF SKELETAL MUSCLES 1. Contraction of skeletal mu ...
14-1 SENSATION 1. The general senses provide information about
... B. The association areas are involved with evaluating the stimuli and relating the stimuli to past experience. For example, the visual association area determines if an object is someone's face and if it is the face of a friend or a stranger. CONTROL OF SKELETAL MUSCLES 1. Contraction of skeletal mu ...
... B. The association areas are involved with evaluating the stimuli and relating the stimuli to past experience. For example, the visual association area determines if an object is someone's face and if it is the face of a friend or a stranger. CONTROL OF SKELETAL MUSCLES 1. Contraction of skeletal mu ...