- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... developmental period. Together, observations gave rise to the idea that during development, presynaptic axons compete for the innervation of postsynaptic neuron in an activity-dependent manner. Subsequently, studies at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) provided more detailed insights into the cellula ...
... developmental period. Together, observations gave rise to the idea that during development, presynaptic axons compete for the innervation of postsynaptic neuron in an activity-dependent manner. Subsequently, studies at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) provided more detailed insights into the cellula ...
Transgenic Targeting of Recombinant Rabies Virus Reveals
... first time, overcomes all three of these constraints, enabling the unequivocal determination of direct monosynaptic inputs of defined neuronal cell types. Wild-type rabies virus infects neurons nonspecifically and spreads retrogradely across synapses. The recombinant virus has the gene of the rabies ...
... first time, overcomes all three of these constraints, enabling the unequivocal determination of direct monosynaptic inputs of defined neuronal cell types. Wild-type rabies virus infects neurons nonspecifically and spreads retrogradely across synapses. The recombinant virus has the gene of the rabies ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... EPSPs [12,50], enhanced by the activation of voltage-gated intrinsic (high-threshold Ca2+ and persistent Na+) currents [1,13,15,17]. Specifically, the EPSPs initiate the PDS by depolarizing the postsynaptic neurons to the level of activation of the persistent Na+ current that maintains and enhances ...
... EPSPs [12,50], enhanced by the activation of voltage-gated intrinsic (high-threshold Ca2+ and persistent Na+) currents [1,13,15,17]. Specifically, the EPSPs initiate the PDS by depolarizing the postsynaptic neurons to the level of activation of the persistent Na+ current that maintains and enhances ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... spontaneously released both throughout the neuron and locally within small dendritic segments. Ca+2 release helps stabilize RGC dendritic structure and blockade of local Ca+2 release causes immediate dendritic retraction. This work suggests that Ca+2 release may be a way in which afferent activity r ...
... spontaneously released both throughout the neuron and locally within small dendritic segments. Ca+2 release helps stabilize RGC dendritic structure and blockade of local Ca+2 release causes immediate dendritic retraction. This work suggests that Ca+2 release may be a way in which afferent activity r ...
NeuroD2 Is Necessary for Development and Survival of Central
... this bHLH transcription factor was necessary for normal brain development, we used homologous recombination to replace the neuroD2 coding region with a -galactosidase reporter gene. The neuroD2 gene expressed the reporter in a subset of neurons in the central nervous system, including in neurons of ...
... this bHLH transcription factor was necessary for normal brain development, we used homologous recombination to replace the neuroD2 coding region with a -galactosidase reporter gene. The neuroD2 gene expressed the reporter in a subset of neurons in the central nervous system, including in neurons of ...
Fut u re N
... hypothesis can refer to the mathematical structure of these simulations in other publications [8]. However, for those that are unfamiliar with neural network models, we provide a review of the properties of this model here. In the model, malignant synaptic growth results from poor separation of memo ...
... hypothesis can refer to the mathematical structure of these simulations in other publications [8]. However, for those that are unfamiliar with neural network models, we provide a review of the properties of this model here. In the model, malignant synaptic growth results from poor separation of memo ...
To maintain homeostasis, cells must work together in a co
... event might be (1) a change in the electrical field in the vicinity of an excitable membrane; (2) an interaction of a chemical messenger with a surface receptor on a nerve or muscle cell membrane; (3) a stimulus, such as sound waves stimulating specialized nerve cells in your ear; or (4) a spontaneo ...
... event might be (1) a change in the electrical field in the vicinity of an excitable membrane; (2) an interaction of a chemical messenger with a surface receptor on a nerve or muscle cell membrane; (3) a stimulus, such as sound waves stimulating specialized nerve cells in your ear; or (4) a spontaneo ...
A comparative study of the mammalian amygdala
... studied and in all the nuclei the multipolar, triangular and fusiform neurons were observed most often, whereas the rounded cells were seen only occasionally. The shape of a soma can be expressed in a number as the ratio of the major and minor axes (a shape factor). This coefficient seems to be a us ...
... studied and in all the nuclei the multipolar, triangular and fusiform neurons were observed most often, whereas the rounded cells were seen only occasionally. The shape of a soma can be expressed in a number as the ratio of the major and minor axes (a shape factor). This coefficient seems to be a us ...
Survival of cultured hippocampal neurons upon hypoxia
... neuropathic pain. GBP blocks Ca2+ channels in neural cell membrane and diminishes excitation of neurons. Such mechanism of action of this drug can predict GBP as a potential neuroprotectant. Aim of the study: To investigate the putative protective effect of GBP against hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity ...
... neuropathic pain. GBP blocks Ca2+ channels in neural cell membrane and diminishes excitation of neurons. Such mechanism of action of this drug can predict GBP as a potential neuroprotectant. Aim of the study: To investigate the putative protective effect of GBP against hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity ...
... recurrent circuits. The entorhinal cortex in the parahippocampal region is crucially involved in the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of long-term memory traces for which working memory operations are essential2. Here we show that individual neurons from layer V of the entorhinal cortex—whic ...
Mitochondrial diseases affecting nervous system and muscle
... Respiratory chain proteins are synthesized from two different genomes: mtDNA and nDNA •mtDNA encodes 13 respiratory chain polypeptides, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs •nDNA encodes the majority of respiratory chain polipeptides Transport of cytosolic proteins and their assembly with mitochondrial-encoded prot ...
... Respiratory chain proteins are synthesized from two different genomes: mtDNA and nDNA •mtDNA encodes 13 respiratory chain polypeptides, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs •nDNA encodes the majority of respiratory chain polipeptides Transport of cytosolic proteins and their assembly with mitochondrial-encoded prot ...
L14- Physiology of T..
... from tufted cells medial strai start then cross the midline & end on granular cells in opposite side (contralateral) ...
... from tufted cells medial strai start then cross the midline & end on granular cells in opposite side (contralateral) ...
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
... indicate that a combinatorial neural code, based on rapid associations of groups of neurons co-ordinating their activity at the single spike level, is possible within a cortical-like network. Evidence is accumulating that cortical neurons in vivo are capable of producing action potentials with high ...
... indicate that a combinatorial neural code, based on rapid associations of groups of neurons co-ordinating their activity at the single spike level, is possible within a cortical-like network. Evidence is accumulating that cortical neurons in vivo are capable of producing action potentials with high ...
characterisation of dopamine neurons of the murine ventral
... neurons originating from this region project and receive input from various other brain regions and through several neurotransmitter systems. The attention was concentrated on the excitatory modulation suggested to regulate important functions of synaptic plasticity, which have been associated with ...
... neurons originating from this region project and receive input from various other brain regions and through several neurotransmitter systems. The attention was concentrated on the excitatory modulation suggested to regulate important functions of synaptic plasticity, which have been associated with ...
Seeing Early Signs of Alzheimer`s Disease Through the Lens of the
... Aβ-promotion of receptor trafficking from the synaptic- towards the extra-synaptic location [19]. The reported decrease in NMDA and AMPA receptor expression has been further associated with the loss of dendritic spines in the postsynaptic compartment of the excitatory synapses in both AD mice [20-23 ...
... Aβ-promotion of receptor trafficking from the synaptic- towards the extra-synaptic location [19]. The reported decrease in NMDA and AMPA receptor expression has been further associated with the loss of dendritic spines in the postsynaptic compartment of the excitatory synapses in both AD mice [20-23 ...
Coding in the Granular Layer of the Cerebellum
... may have quite a different function. Moreover, studies using transgenic mice in which LTD induction was blocked have raised serious doubts about a link between LTD and cerebellar motor control (e.g. De Zeeuw et al., 1998) and about the necessity of cerebellar LTD for eyeblink reflex conditioning (re ...
... may have quite a different function. Moreover, studies using transgenic mice in which LTD induction was blocked have raised serious doubts about a link between LTD and cerebellar motor control (e.g. De Zeeuw et al., 1998) and about the necessity of cerebellar LTD for eyeblink reflex conditioning (re ...
What We Can and What We Can`t Do with fMRI
... of GABAergic interneurons. These interneurons can receive both excitatory and inhibitory synapses onto their somata and have only local connections. Approximately 85% of them, in turn, innervate the local pyramidal cells. Different GABA-ergic cells target different subdomains of neurons. Some, e.g., ...
... of GABAergic interneurons. These interneurons can receive both excitatory and inhibitory synapses onto their somata and have only local connections. Approximately 85% of them, in turn, innervate the local pyramidal cells. Different GABA-ergic cells target different subdomains of neurons. Some, e.g., ...
Morphological and Functional Types of Neurons
... The physiological evidence for submodal-specific groups of cells within VB raises the question of whether specific morphological cell types can be localized within them. In the present study we have examined the relationship between cell morphology and physiology in cat VB using anatomical and physi ...
... The physiological evidence for submodal-specific groups of cells within VB raises the question of whether specific morphological cell types can be localized within them. In the present study we have examined the relationship between cell morphology and physiology in cat VB using anatomical and physi ...
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... among these miRNAs, miR-137 was previously found to be enriched in synaptosomes isolated from rat forebrains [12, 32]. We further confirmed that the expression levels of miR137 increased during neuronal differentiation of A94-NSCs (Fig. 1B), and miR-137 expression levels were significantly higher in i ...
... among these miRNAs, miR-137 was previously found to be enriched in synaptosomes isolated from rat forebrains [12, 32]. We further confirmed that the expression levels of miR137 increased during neuronal differentiation of A94-NSCs (Fig. 1B), and miR-137 expression levels were significantly higher in i ...
Faithful Expression of Multiple Proteins via 2A
... Surprisingly, the potential of this system has not been exploited in cellular and systems neuroscience. It has not been addressed whether 2A peptide-mediated coexpression of heterologous proteins is quantitative in neurons and expression levels of fluorescent reporters would be high enough for in vi ...
... Surprisingly, the potential of this system has not been exploited in cellular and systems neuroscience. It has not been addressed whether 2A peptide-mediated coexpression of heterologous proteins is quantitative in neurons and expression levels of fluorescent reporters would be high enough for in vi ...
Interactions between Segmental Homologs and between
... in the skin of salamander or adult rat (Diamond et al., 1976; Jackson and Diamond, 1981) expand their innervation fields after denervation of adjacent areas. In leeches, ablations of adult T or N mechanosensory neurons (Blackshaw et al., 1982) or embryonic AE motor neurons (Gao and Macagno, 1987b) c ...
... in the skin of salamander or adult rat (Diamond et al., 1976; Jackson and Diamond, 1981) expand their innervation fields after denervation of adjacent areas. In leeches, ablations of adult T or N mechanosensory neurons (Blackshaw et al., 1982) or embryonic AE motor neurons (Gao and Macagno, 1987b) c ...
BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic
... Surprisingly, the interaction of the latter RNAs with hnRNPA2 depends on a non-canonical purine*purine interaction within BC1 and PKMz zipcodes, suggesting the existence of a spatial code mediating the targeting of these transcripts to dendrites by hnRNPA2 (Muslimov et al., 2011). In a recent study, ...
... Surprisingly, the interaction of the latter RNAs with hnRNPA2 depends on a non-canonical purine*purine interaction within BC1 and PKMz zipcodes, suggesting the existence of a spatial code mediating the targeting of these transcripts to dendrites by hnRNPA2 (Muslimov et al., 2011). In a recent study, ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... Multiplicative operations and invariance of neuronal responses are thought to play important roles in the processing of neural information in many sensory systems. Yet the biophysical mechanisms that underlie both multiplication and invariance of neuronal responses in vivo, either at the single cell ...
... Multiplicative operations and invariance of neuronal responses are thought to play important roles in the processing of neural information in many sensory systems. Yet the biophysical mechanisms that underlie both multiplication and invariance of neuronal responses in vivo, either at the single cell ...