Nervous Tissue Lab
... Sensory Function (PNS) • sensory receptors gather information (are stimulated) • information is carried as sensory Motor Function (PNS) • decisions are acted impulse on sensory neurons to the upon CNS • motor impulses are Integrative Function (CNS) carried on motor • sensory information is neurons t ...
... Sensory Function (PNS) • sensory receptors gather information (are stimulated) • information is carried as sensory Motor Function (PNS) • decisions are acted impulse on sensory neurons to the upon CNS • motor impulses are Integrative Function (CNS) carried on motor • sensory information is neurons t ...
Thalamocortidal Axons Extend Along a Chondroitin Sulfate
... courses,even though both cell types were formerly in the preplate. Marginal zone neuronsextend processeswithin the marginal zone, eventually forming an elaborate network that is restricted to that layer (not illustrated). The axonsof many subplate neuronsleave the intensely immunolabeledsubplatealmo ...
... courses,even though both cell types were formerly in the preplate. Marginal zone neuronsextend processeswithin the marginal zone, eventually forming an elaborate network that is restricted to that layer (not illustrated). The axonsof many subplate neuronsleave the intensely immunolabeledsubplatealmo ...
Neural analysis of sound frequency in insects
... suggesting that cricket-like frequencies excite more receptors(44)(Fig. 3A). A difference in CAP amplitude could also arise, however, if extracellular potentials were larger for low-frequency receptors, as would be the case if they had larger-diameter axons.(45) Larger axons would also be expected t ...
... suggesting that cricket-like frequencies excite more receptors(44)(Fig. 3A). A difference in CAP amplitude could also arise, however, if extracellular potentials were larger for low-frequency receptors, as would be the case if they had larger-diameter axons.(45) Larger axons would also be expected t ...
Chapter 12 - Las Positas College
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Synaptic pathways and inhibitory gates in the spinal cord dorsal horn
... EGFP positive GABAergic neurons had low threshold, A fiber input as well as input from highthreshold fibers (A␦ and/or C). For example, the data shown in Figure 2A were recorded from a neuron that received A fiber input identified as polysynaptic due to synaptic failures seen at highfrequency (20 ...
... EGFP positive GABAergic neurons had low threshold, A fiber input as well as input from highthreshold fibers (A␦ and/or C). For example, the data shown in Figure 2A were recorded from a neuron that received A fiber input identified as polysynaptic due to synaptic failures seen at highfrequency (20 ...
VISCERAL SENSORY NEURONS THAT INNERVATE BOTH
... (DRG). Direct activation of chemosensitive receptors and ion channels on their peripheral terminals and modulation of neuronal excitability activates extrinsic primary afferent nerves. Nociceptors belong predominantly to small- and medium-size DRG neurons whose peripheral processes detect potentiall ...
... (DRG). Direct activation of chemosensitive receptors and ion channels on their peripheral terminals and modulation of neuronal excitability activates extrinsic primary afferent nerves. Nociceptors belong predominantly to small- and medium-size DRG neurons whose peripheral processes detect potentiall ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... intake and that the expression of orexin mRNA is increased by food deprivation. These observations suggest that a major function of the orexins is likely to be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior (reviewed in Ref. 3). Although neurons containing orexins are located exclusively in the LHA, ...
... intake and that the expression of orexin mRNA is increased by food deprivation. These observations suggest that a major function of the orexins is likely to be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior (reviewed in Ref. 3). Although neurons containing orexins are located exclusively in the LHA, ...
BIOL 105 S 2011 MTX 2 QA 110512.1
... E) emotion, memory, and movement. Answer: C 6) The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the A) motor division. B) afferent division. C) efferent division. D) autonomic division. E) somatic division. Answer: B 7) Most neurons in the brain are ...
... E) emotion, memory, and movement. Answer: C 6) The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the A) motor division. B) afferent division. C) efferent division. D) autonomic division. E) somatic division. Answer: B 7) Most neurons in the brain are ...
the neurochemistry of sleep paralysis
... Canadian researchers Patricia Brooks and John Peever1 aimed to identify the neurotransmitter and receptor mechanisms involved in REM sleep muscle atonia. They focused on the neurotransmitters glycine and GABA in their study for several reasons: (1) brainstem circuits that control REM sleep contain G ...
... Canadian researchers Patricia Brooks and John Peever1 aimed to identify the neurotransmitter and receptor mechanisms involved in REM sleep muscle atonia. They focused on the neurotransmitters glycine and GABA in their study for several reasons: (1) brainstem circuits that control REM sleep contain G ...
Accelerating axonal growth promotes motor
... Tubb2a, Sprr1a, Fn14, Ndel1, and Trpc4, as well as several regeneration-promoting transcription factors, Atf3, c-Jun, Stat3, and Sox11 (11). Although these proteins individually increase axonal growth, none thus far have been shown to produce functional recovery (Supplemental Table 1; supplemental m ...
... Tubb2a, Sprr1a, Fn14, Ndel1, and Trpc4, as well as several regeneration-promoting transcription factors, Atf3, c-Jun, Stat3, and Sox11 (11). Although these proteins individually increase axonal growth, none thus far have been shown to produce functional recovery (Supplemental Table 1; supplemental m ...
InterimSummary The Nature of Learning
... Learning refers to the process by which experiences change our nervous system and hence our behavior. We refer to these changes as memories. Although it is convenient to describe memories as if they were notes placed in filing cabinets, this is certainly not the way experiences are reflected within ...
... Learning refers to the process by which experiences change our nervous system and hence our behavior. We refer to these changes as memories. Although it is convenient to describe memories as if they were notes placed in filing cabinets, this is certainly not the way experiences are reflected within ...
Proceedings - Neuroscience Meetings
... influx through both synaptic and extrasynaptic inhibitory chloride-permeable ion channels such as GABAA- and glycine-receptors. Besides intraneuronal factors affecting KCC2 function and, thus, the chloride gradient, there is a number of extra-neuronal factors suggested to have a great influence over ...
... influx through both synaptic and extrasynaptic inhibitory chloride-permeable ion channels such as GABAA- and glycine-receptors. Besides intraneuronal factors affecting KCC2 function and, thus, the chloride gradient, there is a number of extra-neuronal factors suggested to have a great influence over ...
Full version (PDF file)
... based primarily on immunohistochemical characteristics (Zahm 1999). The NAc core is thought to translate limbic sensory information, including reward-related stimuli, the context-dependent cues, into motor output (Meredith et al. 2008), forming part of a network crucial for appetitive instrumental l ...
... based primarily on immunohistochemical characteristics (Zahm 1999). The NAc core is thought to translate limbic sensory information, including reward-related stimuli, the context-dependent cues, into motor output (Meredith et al. 2008), forming part of a network crucial for appetitive instrumental l ...
Discrete Modeling of Multi-Transmitter Neural Networks with Neuron
... generating rhythmic activity. The model emphasizes the role of nonsynaptic interactions and the diversity of electrical properties in nervous systems. Neurons in the model release different neurotransmitters into the shared extracellular space (ECS) so each neuron with the appropriate set of recepto ...
... generating rhythmic activity. The model emphasizes the role of nonsynaptic interactions and the diversity of electrical properties in nervous systems. Neurons in the model release different neurotransmitters into the shared extracellular space (ECS) so each neuron with the appropriate set of recepto ...
Hypergravity hinders axonal development of motor neurons
... Horvitz, 1994; Lee, Feinbaum & Ambros, 1993). Moreover, because worms are easy to handle, studies using C. elegans have been conducted in space. Worms survive and grow well in space, and many functions of the worms are normal (Higashitani et al., 2005; Szewczyk et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2006). Musc ...
... Horvitz, 1994; Lee, Feinbaum & Ambros, 1993). Moreover, because worms are easy to handle, studies using C. elegans have been conducted in space. Worms survive and grow well in space, and many functions of the worms are normal (Higashitani et al., 2005; Szewczyk et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2006). Musc ...
Culture of primary rat hippocampal neurons
... motors move), and the mechanism of cargo attachment are all susceptible to damage resulting in transport breakdown and cell damage or death (De Vos et al. 2008). Species such as sodium azide (Selvatici et al. 2009) (NaN3 ) and peroxynitrite (Szabo et al. 2007)(ONOO− ) have been shown to damage cells ...
... motors move), and the mechanism of cargo attachment are all susceptible to damage resulting in transport breakdown and cell damage or death (De Vos et al. 2008). Species such as sodium azide (Selvatici et al. 2009) (NaN3 ) and peroxynitrite (Szabo et al. 2007)(ONOO− ) have been shown to damage cells ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSPs impinging on a neuron. discharges of different neurons might arise as an These two modes of operation differ fundamentally epiphenomenon of circuitry, but have no functional with resp ...
... of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSPs impinging on a neuron. discharges of different neurons might arise as an These two modes of operation differ fundamentally epiphenomenon of circuitry, but have no functional with resp ...
Melting the Iceberg
... rates of afferent LGN and V1 neurons, and these might be expected to become more variable as contrast is increased, not less variable. Indeed, increasing contrast increases firing rate, and noise is generally thought to grow with firing rate. Moreover, noise in membrane potential is independent of t ...
... rates of afferent LGN and V1 neurons, and these might be expected to become more variable as contrast is increased, not less variable. Indeed, increasing contrast increases firing rate, and noise is generally thought to grow with firing rate. Moreover, noise in membrane potential is independent of t ...
Lecture #1 - University of Utah
... net effect depends on timing of excite & inhibitory inputs, spatial summ. 3) Plasticity: Activity-depend. Changes in synaptic transmission a) Facilitation ...
... net effect depends on timing of excite & inhibitory inputs, spatial summ. 3) Plasticity: Activity-depend. Changes in synaptic transmission a) Facilitation ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... cord stump at the site of lesion and stopped elongating after 1 month. At this time, supernumerary sprouts first began to emerge from the normally smooth, rounded contours of the cell body. Based on these observations, we propose that axotomized neurons produce membrane at a constant rate. This newl ...
... cord stump at the site of lesion and stopped elongating after 1 month. At this time, supernumerary sprouts first began to emerge from the normally smooth, rounded contours of the cell body. Based on these observations, we propose that axotomized neurons produce membrane at a constant rate. This newl ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs underlie most aspects of vertebrate nervous system development a ...
... also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs underlie most aspects of vertebrate nervous system development a ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... co-expressed in populations of cells (Klein and Kania 2014). Furthermore, exceptions to these binding restrictions result in crosstalk between the A and B families. EphA4 can bind to both ephrin A and ephrin B ligands and EphB2 can bind to ephrin A5. The association of both Eph receptors and ephrins ...
... co-expressed in populations of cells (Klein and Kania 2014). Furthermore, exceptions to these binding restrictions result in crosstalk between the A and B families. EphA4 can bind to both ephrin A and ephrin B ligands and EphB2 can bind to ephrin A5. The association of both Eph receptors and ephrins ...
brain derived neurotrophic factor transport and physiological
... factor affecting several neuronal populations not responsive to NGF. Now the family consists of NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). More recently, members of numerous other families of proteins, such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, were also dis ...
... factor affecting several neuronal populations not responsive to NGF. Now the family consists of NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). More recently, members of numerous other families of proteins, such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, were also dis ...
State-dependent computations - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced
... time point t. over the course of multiple time bins these points form a path (a neural trajectory) through state space (FIG. 1a). In a network that is driven by an ongoing external stimulus, a complex trajectory will form that represents the temporal evolution of active states. At each point t+1 the ...
... time point t. over the course of multiple time bins these points form a path (a neural trajectory) through state space (FIG. 1a). In a network that is driven by an ongoing external stimulus, a complex trajectory will form that represents the temporal evolution of active states. At each point t+1 the ...