22. May 2014 Examination NEVR2010 There are two types
... 1. Give a short description of two of the most important receptors involved in the mechanism of general anesthetics. (2) 2. Why are isomeres interesting when studying the mechanism of drugs? (2) 3. What are the four major elements of a modeling process? (2) 4. What is a genetic polymorphism? (1) 5. ...
... 1. Give a short description of two of the most important receptors involved in the mechanism of general anesthetics. (2) 2. Why are isomeres interesting when studying the mechanism of drugs? (2) 3. What are the four major elements of a modeling process? (2) 4. What is a genetic polymorphism? (1) 5. ...
Monitoring and switching of cortico-basal ganglia loop
... 4. Monitoring and switching of top-down biased control functions of cortico-basal ganglia loops through the thalamo-striatal system As described above, the CM and Pf receive signals from the internal segment of the globus pallidus and from the substantia nigra pars reticulata, respectively (Sidibé e ...
... 4. Monitoring and switching of top-down biased control functions of cortico-basal ganglia loops through the thalamo-striatal system As described above, the CM and Pf receive signals from the internal segment of the globus pallidus and from the substantia nigra pars reticulata, respectively (Sidibé e ...
Paying attention to correlated neural activity
... No two roses smell exactly alike, yet we still perceive their scents as being the same. Most natural odors are made up of odorant mixtures that evoke complex patterns of neural activity, and it is rare for an odor to have the exact same components in the exact same proportions. Encoding these odoran ...
... No two roses smell exactly alike, yet we still perceive their scents as being the same. Most natural odors are made up of odorant mixtures that evoke complex patterns of neural activity, and it is rare for an odor to have the exact same components in the exact same proportions. Encoding these odoran ...
14. Assessment of the nervous system
... were formed in course of phylogenesis They are based on certain anatomic structures (segments of spinal cord or brain stem) They exist even without brain cortex influence They are inherited They can be regulated by brain cortex They are basis for the conditioned reflexes ...
... were formed in course of phylogenesis They are based on certain anatomic structures (segments of spinal cord or brain stem) They exist even without brain cortex influence They are inherited They can be regulated by brain cortex They are basis for the conditioned reflexes ...
Microconnectomics of the Pretectum and Ventral Thalamus in the
... difficulties. As these nuclei are relatively small and rest deep in the avian brain, they are not easy targets for anatomical and physiological in vivo approaches. In vitro physiological experiments, on the other hand, have been focused on these nuclei separately, mainly because they are not easily ...
... difficulties. As these nuclei are relatively small and rest deep in the avian brain, they are not easy targets for anatomical and physiological in vivo approaches. In vitro physiological experiments, on the other hand, have been focused on these nuclei separately, mainly because they are not easily ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... from the pair shown in Figure 1. B, EPSP unitary amplitude histogram for this connection. White, noise; gray, sweeps including failures. C, AP-to-EPSP onset latency histogram. Note the narrow distribution (Gaussian fit with full width at half-maximum of 0.2 ms). D, Relationship between EPSP amplitud ...
... from the pair shown in Figure 1. B, EPSP unitary amplitude histogram for this connection. White, noise; gray, sweeps including failures. C, AP-to-EPSP onset latency histogram. Note the narrow distribution (Gaussian fit with full width at half-maximum of 0.2 ms). D, Relationship between EPSP amplitud ...
17 TMJ - student.ahc.umn.edu
... Passive stability Synovial lining Proprioceptive nerve endings ...
... Passive stability Synovial lining Proprioceptive nerve endings ...
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network
... Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscillations, using the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model. Here, we extend this theoretical framework to populations of more realistic Hodgkin–Huxley-type conductance-based neurons. In a noisy network of GAB ...
... Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscillations, using the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model. Here, we extend this theoretical framework to populations of more realistic Hodgkin–Huxley-type conductance-based neurons. In a noisy network of GAB ...
2.1.2. The Purpose: Acquaint the student by subject to neurologies
... short, more or less extensively branched, cellular processes that conduct afferent impulses toward the cell body. They provide the cell with a much larger surface area than the cell body alone, thereby increasing the area available for intercellular contact and for the deployment of cell membrane re ...
... short, more or less extensively branched, cellular processes that conduct afferent impulses toward the cell body. They provide the cell with a much larger surface area than the cell body alone, thereby increasing the area available for intercellular contact and for the deployment of cell membrane re ...
Pointing the way toward target selection
... work will only support a single might modulate the effective hill of activity even if its feedforconnectivity of a neural circuit ward input is complex8,9. This Target-selection is a powerful one that is likely captures the basic ‘winner-takenetwork neurons to have a number of applicaall’ nature of ...
... work will only support a single might modulate the effective hill of activity even if its feedforconnectivity of a neural circuit ward input is complex8,9. This Target-selection is a powerful one that is likely captures the basic ‘winner-takenetwork neurons to have a number of applicaall’ nature of ...
The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... by very rapid recruitment of a large number of excitatory inputs that are to participate in the depolarizing episode. These features of the membrane potential shifts suggest the existence of two discrete membrane potential states, rather than simply a reflection of the constantly changing complement ...
... by very rapid recruitment of a large number of excitatory inputs that are to participate in the depolarizing episode. These features of the membrane potential shifts suggest the existence of two discrete membrane potential states, rather than simply a reflection of the constantly changing complement ...
Induction of c-fos Expression in Hypothalamic Magnocellular
... increasein oxytocin neuronal firing during lactation. Thus, either the pattern of activity during lactation is not suitable for the induction of C-$X or an appropriate synaptically driven mechanismis not operating. C&s transcription can be induced in cells by a number of secondmessenger systems,incl ...
... increasein oxytocin neuronal firing during lactation. Thus, either the pattern of activity during lactation is not suitable for the induction of C-$X or an appropriate synaptically driven mechanismis not operating. C&s transcription can be induced in cells by a number of secondmessenger systems,incl ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... good neuronal marker. All peripheral neurons appear to contain this antigen because (7 ) in all of the tissues that we have examined, including the antennae, eyes, halteres, and body wall muscles, MAb 21 A4 stains all known sensory neurons as well as motor axons, and (2) the same neurons in the peri ...
... good neuronal marker. All peripheral neurons appear to contain this antigen because (7 ) in all of the tissues that we have examined, including the antennae, eyes, halteres, and body wall muscles, MAb 21 A4 stains all known sensory neurons as well as motor axons, and (2) the same neurons in the peri ...
Position of Larval Tapeworms, Polypocephalus sp., in the Ganglia of
... may be small if the host has many closely related species and if the affected region of the nervous systems is generally similar, as is often the case (Kavanau 1990; Arbas et al. 1991). There may well be other-density-dependent costs (Poulin 1994a; Brown et al. 2003), but these may not be related to ...
... may be small if the host has many closely related species and if the affected region of the nervous systems is generally similar, as is often the case (Kavanau 1990; Arbas et al. 1991). There may well be other-density-dependent costs (Poulin 1994a; Brown et al. 2003), but these may not be related to ...
Glutamate Receptors
... loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity and positive symptoms of psychosis, as already eXplained above and illustrated in Figure 9-39B. The effects of this on C ...
... loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity and positive symptoms of psychosis, as already eXplained above and illustrated in Figure 9-39B. The effects of this on C ...
Neural control of the circulation - Advances in Physiology Education
... governed by changes in central neural activity that adjust cardiovascular function to meet the needs of the body as a whole. Such remote control is an important means to effect rapid changes in blood pressure, in the amount and distribution of cardiac output, and in the distribution of blood volume ...
... governed by changes in central neural activity that adjust cardiovascular function to meet the needs of the body as a whole. Such remote control is an important means to effect rapid changes in blood pressure, in the amount and distribution of cardiac output, and in the distribution of blood volume ...
PNS
... • Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies, as formulated by Johannus Müller, says that, although a sense organ may be sensitive to many forms of stimulus energy other than its real stimulus (called the adequate stimulus), the sensation evoked is always like that associated with the adequate stimulus, no ...
... • Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies, as formulated by Johannus Müller, says that, although a sense organ may be sensitive to many forms of stimulus energy other than its real stimulus (called the adequate stimulus), the sensation evoked is always like that associated with the adequate stimulus, no ...
Development of Subcellular mRNA Compartmentation in
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
Pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides in the central nervous system of
... otherwise noted (Fig. 1). The SEG contained three groups of immunoreactive neurons that putatively correspond to the mandibular, maxillary, and labial neuromeres (Fig. 2a). All three neuromeres contained about 6 neurons each in most preparations. In most preparations the neurons of the mandibular an ...
... otherwise noted (Fig. 1). The SEG contained three groups of immunoreactive neurons that putatively correspond to the mandibular, maxillary, and labial neuromeres (Fig. 2a). All three neuromeres contained about 6 neurons each in most preparations. In most preparations the neurons of the mandibular an ...
Distributed Processing of Sensory Information in
... in the leechcontains neuronssufficient to producethe behavior (Kristan, 1982). Each ganglion contains sensory neurons responding to touch (T cells) and pressure(P cells; Nicholls and Baylor, 1968). Each ganglion contains 3 pairs of T cells which respond selectively to touch on the dorsal (TD), ventr ...
... in the leechcontains neuronssufficient to producethe behavior (Kristan, 1982). Each ganglion contains sensory neurons responding to touch (T cells) and pressure(P cells; Nicholls and Baylor, 1968). Each ganglion contains 3 pairs of T cells which respond selectively to touch on the dorsal (TD), ventr ...
Specific and Nonspecific Plasticity of the Primary
... • It has been repeatedly reported that MGBv neurons are sharply tuned whereas MGBm neurons are broadly tuned and often multipeaked • It is concluded that the MGBv undoubtedly is involved in evoking the cortical BF shift. • MGBm neurons of the guinea pig show a BF shift for conditioning. Does this me ...
... • It has been repeatedly reported that MGBv neurons are sharply tuned whereas MGBm neurons are broadly tuned and often multipeaked • It is concluded that the MGBv undoubtedly is involved in evoking the cortical BF shift. • MGBm neurons of the guinea pig show a BF shift for conditioning. Does this me ...
The LIM and POU homeobox genes ttx-3 and unc
... and through distinct cis-regulatory elements. The co-factor of ttx-3 in AIY, the ceh-10 homeobox gene (Altun-Gultekin et al., 2001), is not expressed in AIA neurons, and AIA neurons display no differentiation defects in ceh-10 null mutants (two markers tested). Moreover, the cis-regulatory motifs th ...
... and through distinct cis-regulatory elements. The co-factor of ttx-3 in AIY, the ceh-10 homeobox gene (Altun-Gultekin et al., 2001), is not expressed in AIA neurons, and AIA neurons display no differentiation defects in ceh-10 null mutants (two markers tested). Moreover, the cis-regulatory motifs th ...
An Olfactory Sensory Map in the Fly Brain
... family of odorant receptor molecules. Although the size of the receptor gene family is similar in nematodes and mice, the logic of olfactory perception differs in the two organisms. The discrimination of olfactory information requires neural mechanisms capable of distinguishing which of the numerous ...
... family of odorant receptor molecules. Although the size of the receptor gene family is similar in nematodes and mice, the logic of olfactory perception differs in the two organisms. The discrimination of olfactory information requires neural mechanisms capable of distinguishing which of the numerous ...