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Neuroscience, Fifth Edition
... Molecular Signaling within Neurons 141 Overview 141 Strategies of Molecular Signaling 141 The Activation of Signaling Pathways 143 Receptor Types 144 G-Proteins and Their Molecular Targets 145 Second Messengers 147 BOX 7A DYNAMIC IMAGING OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING 149 ...
... Molecular Signaling within Neurons 141 Overview 141 Strategies of Molecular Signaling 141 The Activation of Signaling Pathways 143 Receptor Types 144 G-Proteins and Their Molecular Targets 145 Second Messengers 147 BOX 7A DYNAMIC IMAGING OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING 149 ...
Central nervous system control of food intake and body
... has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms that link changes of body fat stores to adaptive adjustments of feeding behaviour. The physiological importance of this homeostatic control system is highlighted by the severe obesity that results from dysfunction of any ...
... has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms that link changes of body fat stores to adaptive adjustments of feeding behaviour. The physiological importance of this homeostatic control system is highlighted by the severe obesity that results from dysfunction of any ...
Chap 15 Powerpoint
... In this chapter, we examine the structural and functional features of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and compare the organization and actions of its two major parts, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The autonomic nervous system contributes to ...
... In this chapter, we examine the structural and functional features of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and compare the organization and actions of its two major parts, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The autonomic nervous system contributes to ...
Distribution of Agrin mRNAs in the Chick Embryo Nervous System
... Agrin’s AChR-aggregating activity is present in embryonic brain, especially in regions containing motor neurons (Magill-Sole and McMahan, 1988; Godfrey, 199 1). However, the precise distribution of agrin in the developing nervous system has not been reported. We have used a combination of in situ hy ...
... Agrin’s AChR-aggregating activity is present in embryonic brain, especially in regions containing motor neurons (Magill-Sole and McMahan, 1988; Godfrey, 199 1). However, the precise distribution of agrin in the developing nervous system has not been reported. We have used a combination of in situ hy ...
The Biological Perspective
... “glue”) cells are often considered the glue that holds the brain together. There are several different types of glial cells that perform various functions, such as getting nutrients to the neurons, cleaning up the remains of neurons that have died, and providing insulation for neurons. Why are the g ...
... “glue”) cells are often considered the glue that holds the brain together. There are several different types of glial cells that perform various functions, such as getting nutrients to the neurons, cleaning up the remains of neurons that have died, and providing insulation for neurons. Why are the g ...
resting membrane potential
... • A motor neuron has multiple branched dendrites and a single axon, which is much longer than the dendrites • The branches terminate in structures called synaptic boutons (terminal bulbs, or synaptic knobs) ...
... • A motor neuron has multiple branched dendrites and a single axon, which is much longer than the dendrites • The branches terminate in structures called synaptic boutons (terminal bulbs, or synaptic knobs) ...
Notch resolves mixed neural identities in the
... and photoreceptors (Fig. 1B). Thus, to allow us to quantify the total number of projection neurons and photoreceptors, we searched for other markers of these two cell populations. The transgenic line Tg(AANAT2:GFP), in which regulatory elements of the zebrafish serotonin-N-acetyltransferase-2 contro ...
... and photoreceptors (Fig. 1B). Thus, to allow us to quantify the total number of projection neurons and photoreceptors, we searched for other markers of these two cell populations. The transgenic line Tg(AANAT2:GFP), in which regulatory elements of the zebrafish serotonin-N-acetyltransferase-2 contro ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... not included in further analysis. NADPHd neurons with soma within 100 μm of either margin were also excluded. Positive neurons were densely filled, in Golgi-like detail, and therefore unambiguously classified as type 1 (Yan et al., 1996; Estrada and DeFelipe, 1998). No examples of type 2 neurons, defin ...
... not included in further analysis. NADPHd neurons with soma within 100 μm of either margin were also excluded. Positive neurons were densely filled, in Golgi-like detail, and therefore unambiguously classified as type 1 (Yan et al., 1996; Estrada and DeFelipe, 1998). No examples of type 2 neurons, defin ...
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The
... The Nervous System :Components and Function (2m41s) • Add at least 5 additional notes to your tree map ...
... The Nervous System :Components and Function (2m41s) • Add at least 5 additional notes to your tree map ...
Ectopic expression of either the Drosophila
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
Embryonic development of the Drosophila brain: formation of
... Insight into the mechanisms that control neurogenesis, axonal pathfinding and target recognition has been gained by exploiting the powerful genetic and molecular genetic techniques available in Drosophila (for reviews see Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990; Grenningloh et al., 1990; Goodman and Doe, 1993 ...
... Insight into the mechanisms that control neurogenesis, axonal pathfinding and target recognition has been gained by exploiting the powerful genetic and molecular genetic techniques available in Drosophila (for reviews see Campos-Ortega and Knust, 1990; Grenningloh et al., 1990; Goodman and Doe, 1993 ...
6 Control of Ventilation and Respiratory Muscles
... precedes the increase in Pco2 that would be required for che moreceptor signals. It is believed that the observed increase in ventilation is mediated by other mechanisms. For example, passively moving the limbs causes an increase in ventilation. The aforementioned somatic receptors presumably accou ...
... precedes the increase in Pco2 that would be required for che moreceptor signals. It is believed that the observed increase in ventilation is mediated by other mechanisms. For example, passively moving the limbs causes an increase in ventilation. The aforementioned somatic receptors presumably accou ...
Nondirected axonal growth on basal lamina from avian embryonic
... laminae are 50-100-nm-thick sheets of highly condensed extracellular material localized at the basal side of epithelia and endothelia and on the surface of musele fibers and Schwann cells (Kefalides et al., 1979). Several components of basallaminae have prominent fuctions in cell migration and tissu ...
... laminae are 50-100-nm-thick sheets of highly condensed extracellular material localized at the basal side of epithelia and endothelia and on the surface of musele fibers and Schwann cells (Kefalides et al., 1979). Several components of basallaminae have prominent fuctions in cell migration and tissu ...
High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by
... Arch and Mac represent members of a new, diverse, and powerful class of optical neural silencing reagent, the light-driven proton pump, which operates without the need for exogenous chemical supplementation in mammalian cells. The efficacy of these proton pumps is surprising, given that protons occu ...
... Arch and Mac represent members of a new, diverse, and powerful class of optical neural silencing reagent, the light-driven proton pump, which operates without the need for exogenous chemical supplementation in mammalian cells. The efficacy of these proton pumps is surprising, given that protons occu ...
CASE 47
... The basal ganglia, located near the thalamus in the diencephalon, are composed of five pairs of nuclei: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefro ...
... The basal ganglia, located near the thalamus in the diencephalon, are composed of five pairs of nuclei: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefro ...
Neurons with Two Sites of Synaptic Integration Learn Invariant
... respect to some stimulus features with invariant responses to other stimulus features. For example, in primary visual cortex, complex cells code for orientation of a contour but ignore its position to a certain degree. In higher areas, such as the inferotemporal cortex, translation-invariant, rotati ...
... respect to some stimulus features with invariant responses to other stimulus features. For example, in primary visual cortex, complex cells code for orientation of a contour but ignore its position to a certain degree. In higher areas, such as the inferotemporal cortex, translation-invariant, rotati ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... available, but in situ hybridization has shown this kinase to be broadly expressed in the developing nervous system (Barnes et al., 2007). Thus, LKB1 and SADs are expressed in postmitotic neurons throughout the peripheral and central nervous system after neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth have ...
... available, but in situ hybridization has shown this kinase to be broadly expressed in the developing nervous system (Barnes et al., 2007). Thus, LKB1 and SADs are expressed in postmitotic neurons throughout the peripheral and central nervous system after neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth have ...
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
... opmental abnormalities in axonal growth, branching, or guidance or degeneration leading to axon loss could result in short or thin MB lobes observed in highwire mutant brains. To differentiate between these possibilities, we analyzed mutant brains at earlier developmental stages. As shown by Fas II ...
... opmental abnormalities in axonal growth, branching, or guidance or degeneration leading to axon loss could result in short or thin MB lobes observed in highwire mutant brains. To differentiate between these possibilities, we analyzed mutant brains at earlier developmental stages. As shown by Fas II ...
Gene Expression and the Control of Food Intake by Hypothalamic
... membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is then cleaved and trafficked as a secreted protein through the Golgi complex and eventually the secretory granules. During trafficking, the POMC protein undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications through the actions of PC1/3 and PC2. POMC ...
... membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is then cleaved and trafficked as a secreted protein through the Golgi complex and eventually the secretory granules. During trafficking, the POMC protein undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications through the actions of PC1/3 and PC2. POMC ...
Definition of Neuronal Circuitry Controlling the Activity of Phrenic
... using injection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) into either the diaphragm or rectus abdominis (RA) of the ferret demonstrated that motoneurons innervating these muscles receive inputs from neurons in circumscribed regions of the spinal cord and brainstem, some of which have an overlapping distribution i ...
... using injection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) into either the diaphragm or rectus abdominis (RA) of the ferret demonstrated that motoneurons innervating these muscles receive inputs from neurons in circumscribed regions of the spinal cord and brainstem, some of which have an overlapping distribution i ...
[PDF]
... lead to apoptosis via translational oversuppression of bona fide target mRNAs or promiscuFigure 4 AGO1 dominantly modulates dFmr1 function in synaptic growth and structure. (a) Shown ous translational suppression of non-target are the neuromuscular junctions (segment 3, muscle 6/7) with the three ge ...
... lead to apoptosis via translational oversuppression of bona fide target mRNAs or promiscuFigure 4 AGO1 dominantly modulates dFmr1 function in synaptic growth and structure. (a) Shown ous translational suppression of non-target are the neuromuscular junctions (segment 3, muscle 6/7) with the three ge ...
View PDF - UCLA.edu
... glial cells but not neurons disrupts R1–R6 targeting. We propose that glial cells provide the initial stop signal promoting growth cone termination in the lamina. These findings uncover a novel function for neuron– glial interactions in regulating target specificity. Introduction Growth cones at the ...
... glial cells but not neurons disrupts R1–R6 targeting. We propose that glial cells provide the initial stop signal promoting growth cone termination in the lamina. These findings uncover a novel function for neuron– glial interactions in regulating target specificity. Introduction Growth cones at the ...
REVIEW ARTICLE
... methyl-D-aspartate, NMDA) receptors mediate the response. Non-basilar cells lack a basal dendrite (Maler, 1979), but receive disynaptic electrotonic (gap junction) and inhibitory input from two types of ELL interneuron (see below). Both types of pyramidal cell have apical dendrites that ramify in th ...
... methyl-D-aspartate, NMDA) receptors mediate the response. Non-basilar cells lack a basal dendrite (Maler, 1979), but receive disynaptic electrotonic (gap junction) and inhibitory input from two types of ELL interneuron (see below). Both types of pyramidal cell have apical dendrites that ramify in th ...
Germinal center B cells recognize antigen through a
... importance of GC B cell antigen acquisition from synapses with FDCs, GC B cell synapse formation and its contribution to affinity-dependent antigen internalization have not been investigated. Here we developed an ex vivo large-scale imaging approach to quantify synaptic organization, signaling and a ...
... importance of GC B cell antigen acquisition from synapses with FDCs, GC B cell synapse formation and its contribution to affinity-dependent antigen internalization have not been investigated. Here we developed an ex vivo large-scale imaging approach to quantify synaptic organization, signaling and a ...