Terrestrial planet evolution in the stagnant
... between initial conditions and modeling results. Principal component analysis is used to simplify the interpretation of a large number of simulation results. Simple scaling analyses are also conducted to derive a theoretical basis for major modeling results. Moreover, the likelihood of plate tectoni ...
... between initial conditions and modeling results. Principal component analysis is used to simplify the interpretation of a large number of simulation results. Simple scaling analyses are also conducted to derive a theoretical basis for major modeling results. Moreover, the likelihood of plate tectoni ...
Imaging surface plasmon resonance Olof Andersson Link¨ oping Studies in Science and Technology
... at a minimum. In intensity mode, a snapshot of the intensity reflectance is taken at a fixed wavelength and incidence angle. In biosensor science, the use of an imaging technique offers a major advantage by enabling parallelization and thereby increasing throughput. We have, for example, used iSPR i ...
... at a minimum. In intensity mode, a snapshot of the intensity reflectance is taken at a fixed wavelength and incidence angle. In biosensor science, the use of an imaging technique offers a major advantage by enabling parallelization and thereby increasing throughput. We have, for example, used iSPR i ...
Subduction-driven recycling of continental margin lithosphere
... imaged as a high-velocity curtain extending through the transition zone. Restored to the surface, this curtain occupies the Alboran Sea and the adjacent continental margins7 (Fig. 4). We suggest that in addition to oceanic lithosphere, the high-velocity anomaly includes continental margin lithospher ...
... imaged as a high-velocity curtain extending through the transition zone. Restored to the surface, this curtain occupies the Alboran Sea and the adjacent continental margins7 (Fig. 4). We suggest that in addition to oceanic lithosphere, the high-velocity anomaly includes continental margin lithospher ...
Tectonic erosion along the Japan and Peru convergent margins
... The rock truncated along the unconformity is hard and resistant to erosion; truncated beds have an apparent thickness of at least 1 km, and the metamorphosed and crystalline rock sampled requires the removal of a thick overburden. The older rock below the unconformity is separated from the younger r ...
... The rock truncated along the unconformity is hard and resistant to erosion; truncated beds have an apparent thickness of at least 1 km, and the metamorphosed and crystalline rock sampled requires the removal of a thick overburden. The older rock below the unconformity is separated from the younger r ...
PNAS-2014-Anderson-1..
... detail, they also violate the first and second laws of thermodynamics because they require noncooling boundaries and external sources of energy, material, and information (e.g., Maxwell demons); that is, the model planets are not closed, isolated, selforganizing systems living off of their own resou ...
... detail, they also violate the first and second laws of thermodynamics because they require noncooling boundaries and external sources of energy, material, and information (e.g., Maxwell demons); that is, the model planets are not closed, isolated, selforganizing systems living off of their own resou ...
Terrestrial Planet Evolution in the Stagnant
... used to simplify the interpretation of a large number of simulation results. Simple scaling analyses are also conducted to derive a theoretical basis for major modeling results. Moreover, the likelihood of plate tectonics is quantified by tracking the viscosity contrast across the lithosphere during ...
... used to simplify the interpretation of a large number of simulation results. Simple scaling analyses are also conducted to derive a theoretical basis for major modeling results. Moreover, the likelihood of plate tectonics is quantified by tracking the viscosity contrast across the lithosphere during ...
Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively
... Gay, 1978) provided evidence that the lithosphere was strong and elastic in the upper crust and increasingly ductile and ultimately weaker in the lower crust and upper mantle. For oceanic lithosphere, the derived strength profile was particularly simple, increasing linearly with depth due to frictio ...
... Gay, 1978) provided evidence that the lithosphere was strong and elastic in the upper crust and increasingly ductile and ultimately weaker in the lower crust and upper mantle. For oceanic lithosphere, the derived strength profile was particularly simple, increasing linearly with depth due to frictio ...
Plate Tectonics - The Web site cannot be found
... with detritus from a nearby mountain range leads to a slow but continuous subsidence, which in turn favors more basin infill. As a result, in such basins we often observe a surprising constancy of the grain size of the sedimentary deposits over several kilometers depth. Examples of such sedimentary ...
... with detritus from a nearby mountain range leads to a slow but continuous subsidence, which in turn favors more basin infill. As a result, in such basins we often observe a surprising constancy of the grain size of the sedimentary deposits over several kilometers depth. Examples of such sedimentary ...
Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis
... The features of the seafloor and the patterns of magnetic polarity symmetrically about the mid-ocean ridges were the pieces that Hess needed. He resurrected Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis and also the mantle convection idea of Holmes. Hess wrote that hot magma rose up into the rift valley at ...
... The features of the seafloor and the patterns of magnetic polarity symmetrically about the mid-ocean ridges were the pieces that Hess needed. He resurrected Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis and also the mantle convection idea of Holmes. Hess wrote that hot magma rose up into the rift valley at ...
Experimental_laboratory_files/2004_The source of Granites
... invoke some mechanism able to produce the observed decoupling between Sr and Nd; whatever mechanism is involved has to produce low Sm/Nd and low Rb/Sr. An alternative way is to assume that I-type granites typically with low 87Sr86/Sr initial ratios are generated from a crustal source that has this p ...
... invoke some mechanism able to produce the observed decoupling between Sr and Nd; whatever mechanism is involved has to produce low Sm/Nd and low Rb/Sr. An alternative way is to assume that I-type granites typically with low 87Sr86/Sr initial ratios are generated from a crustal source that has this p ...
133_2011_Coblentz et al_Geosystems_Rocky Mtns
... cally rough (implying active uplift), and underlain by significant low‐velocity anomalies in the upper mantle that suggest an intimate relationship between mantle geodynamic processes and the surface topography. The region is in isostatic equilibrium (i.e., near‐zero free‐air gravity anomaly); howev ...
... cally rough (implying active uplift), and underlain by significant low‐velocity anomalies in the upper mantle that suggest an intimate relationship between mantle geodynamic processes and the surface topography. The region is in isostatic equilibrium (i.e., near‐zero free‐air gravity anomaly); howev ...
Geodynamics Workshop 2012 PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS
... Recently, it was shown [3] that a thermo-chemical plume, which contains a fraction of 10-20% of eclogitic material derived from recycled oceanic crust, explains the observations much better. Due to the high eclogite density, these thermo-chemical plumes have lower buoyancy and thus generate much sma ...
... Recently, it was shown [3] that a thermo-chemical plume, which contains a fraction of 10-20% of eclogitic material derived from recycled oceanic crust, explains the observations much better. Due to the high eclogite density, these thermo-chemical plumes have lower buoyancy and thus generate much sma ...
Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
... 3. How do the lithosphere and asthenosphere differ? 4. If the lithosphere is resting on the asthenosphere and you put a lot of weight on the lithosphere, say ice in a glacier, how would the lithosphere respond? ...
... 3. How do the lithosphere and asthenosphere differ? 4. If the lithosphere is resting on the asthenosphere and you put a lot of weight on the lithosphere, say ice in a glacier, how would the lithosphere respond? ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... lithosphere, which is depleted in Ti and Ca and has high Mg/Fe ratio (e.g. Boyd, 1989), suggests that it formed under unique conditions, which did not exist in the post-Archean time. Campbell and Griffiths (1992) argue that basal plume accretion could have been important for the formation of the old ...
... lithosphere, which is depleted in Ti and Ca and has high Mg/Fe ratio (e.g. Boyd, 1989), suggests that it formed under unique conditions, which did not exist in the post-Archean time. Campbell and Griffiths (1992) argue that basal plume accretion could have been important for the formation of the old ...
EARtH SCIEnCE LItERACY PRInCIPLES
... changes and can be unpredictable and/or irreversible. A deep knowledge of how most feedbacks work within and between Earth’s systems is still lacking. 3.8 Earth’s climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. The geologic rec ...
... changes and can be unpredictable and/or irreversible. A deep knowledge of how most feedbacks work within and between Earth’s systems is still lacking. 3.8 Earth’s climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. The geologic rec ...
Living Things - Mountain View Middle School
... You will be able to explain Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis about the continents. You will be able to list the evidence used by Wegener’s to support his hypothesis. You will be able to explain why other scientist of Wegener’s time rejected his hypothesis. ...
... You will be able to explain Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis about the continents. You will be able to list the evidence used by Wegener’s to support his hypothesis. You will be able to explain why other scientist of Wegener’s time rejected his hypothesis. ...
Phase changes and thermal subsidence in intracontinental
... The lines separating the fields of stability of these phases have slopes different from those of Ringwood & Green; extrapolation to lower pressures and temperatures shows ...
... The lines separating the fields of stability of these phases have slopes different from those of Ringwood & Green; extrapolation to lower pressures and temperatures shows ...
A Novel Boundary Element Method Using Surface Conductive Absorbers for Full-Wave
... A difficulty arises when applying SIE methods to structures with unbounded surfaces, such as infinitely extended channels, a typical problem in photonics. Fig. 1 is a generic photonic device diagram, with finite-length waveguide channels whose free ends, representing the device’s optical ports, are ...
... A difficulty arises when applying SIE methods to structures with unbounded surfaces, such as infinitely extended channels, a typical problem in photonics. Fig. 1 is a generic photonic device diagram, with finite-length waveguide channels whose free ends, representing the device’s optical ports, are ...
The Yellowstone `hot spot` track results from migrating basin range
... currently active volcanic locus. This comprises one of only three cases in the world where time-progressive volcanism is spatially associated with a flood basalt of the appropriate age (Courtillot et al., 2003). Despite this, many aspects of the region do not fit this model (e.g., Christiansen, 2001 ...
... currently active volcanic locus. This comprises one of only three cases in the world where time-progressive volcanism is spatially associated with a flood basalt of the appropriate age (Courtillot et al., 2003). Despite this, many aspects of the region do not fit this model (e.g., Christiansen, 2001 ...
The Role of Plate Tectonic-Climate Coupling and Exposed Land
... planet is typically defined as one that is able to sustain liquid water oceans (e.g. Kasting & Catling 2003). In order to be habitable a planet must lie within the habitable zone, the range of orbital distances where water can exist as a stable phase on a rocky planet’s surface (e.g. Hart 1978, 1979 ...
... planet is typically defined as one that is able to sustain liquid water oceans (e.g. Kasting & Catling 2003). In order to be habitable a planet must lie within the habitable zone, the range of orbital distances where water can exist as a stable phase on a rocky planet’s surface (e.g. Hart 1978, 1979 ...
Contents and Preface
... controlling ocean floor bathymetry, age distribution, and horizontal motions, by its nature, has set the stage for a quantitative framework for the oceanic lithosphere. The inferences from thermal modeling, seismological studies, and studies of the mechanical behaviour of the lithosphere, including r ...
... controlling ocean floor bathymetry, age distribution, and horizontal motions, by its nature, has set the stage for a quantitative framework for the oceanic lithosphere. The inferences from thermal modeling, seismological studies, and studies of the mechanical behaviour of the lithosphere, including r ...
Recycling of the continental crust | SpringerLink
... sodium is recycled back onto the continents as sedimentary material, thus considerable extending the 80-90 million year age calculated by Joly. The calculation of Joly, in fact, represents an estimate of the residence time of Na in sea water, which now is known to approach 200 million years (BROECKE ...
... sodium is recycled back onto the continents as sedimentary material, thus considerable extending the 80-90 million year age calculated by Joly. The calculation of Joly, in fact, represents an estimate of the residence time of Na in sea water, which now is known to approach 200 million years (BROECKE ...
Convergence of tectonic reconstructions and mantle - HAL-Insu
... Keywords: Mantle convection, Plate tectonics, Reconstruction, Seafloor spreading ...
... Keywords: Mantle convection, Plate tectonics, Reconstruction, Seafloor spreading ...
Learning Outcome mapping of old spec to new
... defined by the rheological properties of the layers the geochemical layered structure of the Earth as defined by the mineral composition of the layers and how the composition of these layers is inferred from direct evidence the geochemical layered structure of the Earth as defined by the mineral com ...
... defined by the rheological properties of the layers the geochemical layered structure of the Earth as defined by the mineral composition of the layers and how the composition of these layers is inferred from direct evidence the geochemical layered structure of the Earth as defined by the mineral com ...
Subduction tectonic erosion and Late Cretaceous subsidence along
... effect of two independent basin formation mechanisms at the northern leading margin of the Austroalpine unit. The terrestrial to shallow-marine sediments of the Lower Gosau Subgroup were deposited mainly within small, fault-bound basins during a phase of strike-slip faulting from the late Turonian o ...
... effect of two independent basin formation mechanisms at the northern leading margin of the Austroalpine unit. The terrestrial to shallow-marine sediments of the Lower Gosau Subgroup were deposited mainly within small, fault-bound basins during a phase of strike-slip faulting from the late Turonian o ...
Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Greek: γῆ, ge, ""earth""; μορφή, morfé, ""form""; and λόγος, logos, ""study"") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical or chemical processes operating at or near the earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphology is practiced within physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.