Mountain building and mantle dynamics
... Received 14 June 2012; revised 20 August 2012; accepted 6 December 2012; published 27 February 2013. ...
... Received 14 June 2012; revised 20 August 2012; accepted 6 December 2012; published 27 February 2013. ...
Subcontinental Lithosphere
... than the original material. This residue is less dense is because garnet, a very dense phase, is preferentially removed during melting. Thus both the crustal and mantle parts of the continental lithosphere have relatively low density, which may help to explain its stability. If the subcontinental li ...
... than the original material. This residue is less dense is because garnet, a very dense phase, is preferentially removed during melting. Thus both the crustal and mantle parts of the continental lithosphere have relatively low density, which may help to explain its stability. If the subcontinental li ...
Lecture 18
... through time to 2.5, the timeintegrated ratio should be somewhere in between these two v a l ues. Indeed, it is. However, the time-integrated value of 3.75 is surprisingly close to the initial value. This would imply in a simple evolutionary model of the mantle that the depletion in T h relative to ...
... through time to 2.5, the timeintegrated ratio should be somewhere in between these two v a l ues. Indeed, it is. However, the time-integrated value of 3.75 is surprisingly close to the initial value. This would imply in a simple evolutionary model of the mantle that the depletion in T h relative to ...
poster technical sessions
... Shale gas occurs in mudstones with common characteristics including a minimum TOC buried to depths sufficient to achieve a certain thermal maturity. Various mudstones around the globe differ in thickness and regional extent but these characteristic are often not the most important in controlling eco ...
... Shale gas occurs in mudstones with common characteristics including a minimum TOC buried to depths sufficient to achieve a certain thermal maturity. Various mudstones around the globe differ in thickness and regional extent but these characteristic are often not the most important in controlling eco ...
Top driven asymmetric mantle convection
... example, “Where is the MORB reservoir, and why is it colder than ambient subplate mantle?” Although simple thermal models of lithospheric cooling predict the first order behavior of seafloor depth with age, there are significant regional variations in seafloor subsidence. Such variations cannot be a ...
... example, “Where is the MORB reservoir, and why is it colder than ambient subplate mantle?” Although simple thermal models of lithospheric cooling predict the first order behavior of seafloor depth with age, there are significant regional variations in seafloor subsidence. Such variations cannot be a ...
Lecture 19: Mantle Plumes - Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
... phase, is preferentially removed during melting. Thus both the crustal and mantle parts of the continental lithosphere have relatively low density, which may help to explain its stability. If the subcontinental lithosphere is residual material from which melts have been extracted, why are xenoliths ...
... phase, is preferentially removed during melting. Thus both the crustal and mantle parts of the continental lithosphere have relatively low density, which may help to explain its stability. If the subcontinental lithosphere is residual material from which melts have been extracted, why are xenoliths ...
Chemical composition of Earth`s primitive mantle and its variance: 2
... arguments do not provide a robust constraint on the size of such a hidden reservoir, because the interpretation of geochemical data is often model-dependent. For example, observed geochemical differences between mantle-derived basalts erupting at mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and those from oceani ...
... arguments do not provide a robust constraint on the size of such a hidden reservoir, because the interpretation of geochemical data is often model-dependent. For example, observed geochemical differences between mantle-derived basalts erupting at mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and those from oceani ...
Continent-sized anomalous zones with low
... LLSVP agree with large low δVP zones that explain P-wave corephase travel times11. If some regions exhibit disagreement between lower mantle δVS and δVP structure, a mechanism that affects VP differently from VS is required to explain the disagreement, such as the post-perovskite phase transition, a ...
... LLSVP agree with large low δVP zones that explain P-wave corephase travel times11. If some regions exhibit disagreement between lower mantle δVS and δVP structure, a mechanism that affects VP differently from VS is required to explain the disagreement, such as the post-perovskite phase transition, a ...
Becker, T. W. - The University of Texas at Austin
... Such zones of localized weakness may guide the formation of high topography away from plate boundaries, where orogeny may be driven by upper mantle small-scale convection, such as lithospheric removal and asthenospheric upwellings (cf. Butler et al., 1997; Levander and Miller, 2012; Karlstrom et al. ...
... Such zones of localized weakness may guide the formation of high topography away from plate boundaries, where orogeny may be driven by upper mantle small-scale convection, such as lithospheric removal and asthenospheric upwellings (cf. Butler et al., 1997; Levander and Miller, 2012; Karlstrom et al. ...
Proterozoic subduction-related and continental rift
... are not readily soluble in hydrous melts and fluids, and remain in the subducted slab12,13. This HFSE-enriched slab may descend to greater mantle depths and finally may serve as sources of OIB magmas11. Accessory minerals, including ilmenite, sphene, rutile, zircon and apatite, which retain HFSE eit ...
... are not readily soluble in hydrous melts and fluids, and remain in the subducted slab12,13. This HFSE-enriched slab may descend to greater mantle depths and finally may serve as sources of OIB magmas11. Accessory minerals, including ilmenite, sphene, rutile, zircon and apatite, which retain HFSE eit ...
Characteristic thermal regimes of plate tectonics
... Early plate-like behavior may have allowed crust to float to form thick stacks above zones of boundary-layer downwelling (Davies, 1992), or, for a slightly cooler Earth, thick stacks above zones of “sublithospheric” subduction (van Hunen et al., this volume), but these behaviors are unlikely to have ...
... Early plate-like behavior may have allowed crust to float to form thick stacks above zones of boundary-layer downwelling (Davies, 1992), or, for a slightly cooler Earth, thick stacks above zones of “sublithospheric” subduction (van Hunen et al., this volume), but these behaviors are unlikely to have ...
North Atlantic Igneous Province: A Review of
... Igneous Province formation. Alternative models have been suggested, including delamination, meteorite impact, small-scale rift-related convection, and chemical mantle heterogeneities. We review available datasets on uplift, strain localization, age and chemistry of igneous material, and tomography f ...
... Igneous Province formation. Alternative models have been suggested, including delamination, meteorite impact, small-scale rift-related convection, and chemical mantle heterogeneities. We review available datasets on uplift, strain localization, age and chemistry of igneous material, and tomography f ...
FREE Sample Here
... B) Meteorite impacts always occur at regular intervals and this has forced biologic evolution. C) The number of erupting volcanoes is constant throughout geologic time, so this is not a big influence on changing climates. D) Mountains are dissolved and/or eroded mechanically one ion and one mineral ...
... B) Meteorite impacts always occur at regular intervals and this has forced biologic evolution. C) The number of erupting volcanoes is constant throughout geologic time, so this is not a big influence on changing climates. D) Mountains are dissolved and/or eroded mechanically one ion and one mineral ...
Mantle convection models featuring plate tectonic behaviour
... vide any insight into the origin of distinct plate characteristics. For example, in contrast to the Earth’s surface, convecting fluids with weakly temperaturedependent viscosities generally exhibit mobile surfaces characterised by variable strain rates and nonuniform velocity (e.g., Weinstein and Chr ...
... vide any insight into the origin of distinct plate characteristics. For example, in contrast to the Earth’s surface, convecting fluids with weakly temperaturedependent viscosities generally exhibit mobile surfaces characterised by variable strain rates and nonuniform velocity (e.g., Weinstein and Chr ...
A Boundary Element Method with Surface Conductive Absorbers for 3-D Analysis of Nanophotonics
... Fast surface integral equation (SIE) solvers seem to be ideal approaches for simulating 3-D nanophotonic devices, as these devices generate fields both in an interior channel and in the infinite exterior domain. However, many devices of interest, such as optical couplers, have channels that cannot b ...
... Fast surface integral equation (SIE) solvers seem to be ideal approaches for simulating 3-D nanophotonic devices, as these devices generate fields both in an interior channel and in the infinite exterior domain. However, many devices of interest, such as optical couplers, have channels that cannot b ...
Evolution of mantle plumes and uplift of continents during the
... variation in the mantle encompasses more than 20 orders of magnitude. Without regard for melting processes, this range amounts to 5–8 orders. The exponent n in a dislocation creep model is usually taken equal to 3. The ideas of mantle convection and oceanic lithospheric plates spreading away from mi ...
... variation in the mantle encompasses more than 20 orders of magnitude. Without regard for melting processes, this range amounts to 5–8 orders. The exponent n in a dislocation creep model is usually taken equal to 3. The ideas of mantle convection and oceanic lithospheric plates spreading away from mi ...
Partial delamination of continental mantle lithosphere, uplift
... During this uplift, the crust deformed ¯exurally whilst the mantle deformed in a ductile way. This triggered decompressional partial melting of the uppermost mantle lithosphere. Flexural deformation of the crust induced its fracturing, allowing for the rapid ascent of magmas to the surface, as well ...
... During this uplift, the crust deformed ¯exurally whilst the mantle deformed in a ductile way. This triggered decompressional partial melting of the uppermost mantle lithosphere. Flexural deformation of the crust induced its fracturing, allowing for the rapid ascent of magmas to the surface, as well ...
Canada`s craton: A bottoms-up view
... to the southwest near Drybones Bay, where its base coincides with changes in seismic anisotropy over a narrow interval between 110 and 130 km depth (Carbno and Canil, 2002). This seismic discontinuity has been interpreted as the remnant of a lithospheric underthrust or “stack” (Bostock, 1998). Altho ...
... to the southwest near Drybones Bay, where its base coincides with changes in seismic anisotropy over a narrow interval between 110 and 130 km depth (Carbno and Canil, 2002). This seismic discontinuity has been interpreted as the remnant of a lithospheric underthrust or “stack” (Bostock, 1998). Altho ...
Large-Scale Thermo-chemical Structure of the Deep Mantle
... models (Ritsema et al. 2011) suggest that it may split into a western and an eastern province with a gap of several hundreds of kilometers in between. Both provinces have a trapezoidal shape, but the western region has stronger topography than the eastern region. Sharp boundaries at the southern ed ...
... models (Ritsema et al. 2011) suggest that it may split into a western and an eastern province with a gap of several hundreds of kilometers in between. Both provinces have a trapezoidal shape, but the western region has stronger topography than the eastern region. Sharp boundaries at the southern ed ...
Slab detachment in laterally varying subduction zones: 3D
... and Peierls creep in the mantle lithosphere [Duretz et al., 2012b]. Both SCO and STB setups have the same domain dimensions (1000 × 680 × 328 km) and grid resolution (501 × 341 × 165 nodes). Continents are characterized by a 35 km thick crust with an initially linear continental geotherm (with 1600 ...
... and Peierls creep in the mantle lithosphere [Duretz et al., 2012b]. Both SCO and STB setups have the same domain dimensions (1000 × 680 × 328 km) and grid resolution (501 × 341 × 165 nodes). Continents are characterized by a 35 km thick crust with an initially linear continental geotherm (with 1600 ...
Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Mantle
... A principal objective of geology is to understand how the Earth evolved from its initial state to its present one. Radiogenic isotope geochemistry is uniquely suited for this sort of study because an isotope ratio such as 87Sr/86Sr is a function not only of the differentiation processes which fracti ...
... A principal objective of geology is to understand how the Earth evolved from its initial state to its present one. Radiogenic isotope geochemistry is uniquely suited for this sort of study because an isotope ratio such as 87Sr/86Sr is a function not only of the differentiation processes which fracti ...
Upper mantle flow in the western Mediterranean
... At about 30 Ma ago, the west directed Apennines– Maghrebides subduction started, nucleating along the Alps–Betics retrobelt and possibly triggered by the occurrence, in the foreland east of the Alpine belt, of oceanic or thinned continental lithosphere [6]. The Apennines–Maghrebides subduction zone ...
... At about 30 Ma ago, the west directed Apennines– Maghrebides subduction started, nucleating along the Alps–Betics retrobelt and possibly triggered by the occurrence, in the foreland east of the Alpine belt, of oceanic or thinned continental lithosphere [6]. The Apennines–Maghrebides subduction zone ...
Mantle plumes and dynamics of the Earth interior — towards a new
... According to this theory, the cool lithospheric slabs, gravity-sinking in the upper mantle, cumulate at the 660 km boundary and, subsequently, episodically “breaking through” the boundary, they submerge towards the core/mantle boundary (CMB). High viscosity of the lower mantle, confirmed, among othe ...
... According to this theory, the cool lithospheric slabs, gravity-sinking in the upper mantle, cumulate at the 660 km boundary and, subsequently, episodically “breaking through” the boundary, they submerge towards the core/mantle boundary (CMB). High viscosity of the lower mantle, confirmed, among othe ...
www.mve.com Thermal Subsidence Tool in Move
... asthenosphere rises to fill the space created by the thinned continental crust. Over time, the asthenosphere cools causing subsidence, which then creates accommodation space for sedimentary infill. Tracking the extent of subsidence through time has profound implications for source rock maturation an ...
... asthenosphere rises to fill the space created by the thinned continental crust. Over time, the asthenosphere cools causing subsidence, which then creates accommodation space for sedimentary infill. Tracking the extent of subsidence through time has profound implications for source rock maturation an ...
Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Greek: γῆ, ge, ""earth""; μορφή, morfé, ""form""; and λόγος, logos, ""study"") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical or chemical processes operating at or near the earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphology is practiced within physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.