American Journal of Science - gemoc
... deep mantle could increase the production rate of mantle plumes, as well as increase the heat flux from the core, which warms the newly arrived slabs. The cooling of the deep mantle would begin after 2.5 Ga and continue until about 2.4 Ga when a 200-My slowdown in plate tectonics begins. This may be ...
... deep mantle could increase the production rate of mantle plumes, as well as increase the heat flux from the core, which warms the newly arrived slabs. The cooling of the deep mantle would begin after 2.5 Ga and continue until about 2.4 Ga when a 200-My slowdown in plate tectonics begins. This may be ...
Eindhoven University of Technology BACHELOR Creeping
... Streamers are fast moving ionizing channels that act as a precursor for sparks. These streamers were observed within the insulation of high voltage equipment. Sparks forming within the insulation can be harmful for the equipment in terms of performance and structural damage. In order to understand s ...
... Streamers are fast moving ionizing channels that act as a precursor for sparks. These streamers were observed within the insulation of high voltage equipment. Sparks forming within the insulation can be harmful for the equipment in terms of performance and structural damage. In order to understand s ...
Near-surface Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond The Harvard
... with peptides! Self-assembly of who-knows-what!) and took me under their wings on the plasmonic project. It was because of their guidance, and their quiet, patient way of explaining fundamental physics that I finally started feeling part of the academic world. Kasey is an amazing scientist, writer, ...
... with peptides! Self-assembly of who-knows-what!) and took me under their wings on the plasmonic project. It was because of their guidance, and their quiet, patient way of explaining fundamental physics that I finally started feeling part of the academic world. Kasey is an amazing scientist, writer, ...
Synthesis of Results From the CD-ROM Experiment
... New Mexico (Plate 1) obliquely crosses numerous Phanerozoic tectonic provinces (Southern Rocky Mountains, Rio Grande rift, Great Plains) and orthogonally crosses northeaststriking structures related to Proterozoic assembly of the crust. The oldest tectonic features, formed during assembly of the con ...
... New Mexico (Plate 1) obliquely crosses numerous Phanerozoic tectonic provinces (Southern Rocky Mountains, Rio Grande rift, Great Plains) and orthogonally crosses northeaststriking structures related to Proterozoic assembly of the crust. The oldest tectonic features, formed during assembly of the con ...
Global Tectonics - dynamicearth.de
... (Section 2.13). Heat flow in the past must have been considerably greater than at present due to the exponential decay rates of these isotopes (Fig. 11.1). For an Earth model with a K/U ratio derived from measurements of crustal rocks, the heat flow in the crust at 4.0 Ga would have been three times ...
... (Section 2.13). Heat flow in the past must have been considerably greater than at present due to the exponential decay rates of these isotopes (Fig. 11.1). For an Earth model with a K/U ratio derived from measurements of crustal rocks, the heat flow in the crust at 4.0 Ga would have been three times ...
From Lithospheric Thickening and Divergent Collapse to Active
... This process increases the gravitational potential energy of the thickened lithosphere producing tensile horizontal stresses that may trigger divergent collapse: The gravity-driven flow that reduces lateral variation of gravitational potential energy. As collapse proceeds, the thickened crust tends ...
... This process increases the gravitational potential energy of the thickened lithosphere producing tensile horizontal stresses that may trigger divergent collapse: The gravity-driven flow that reduces lateral variation of gravitational potential energy. As collapse proceeds, the thickened crust tends ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... solutions are equally warranted by the observations. They showed that rebound modeling ultimately constrains the viscosity contrast between asthenosphere and lower part of the upper mantle to be proportional to the cube of the asthenospheric thickness. That is, a layered upper mantle model featuring ...
... solutions are equally warranted by the observations. They showed that rebound modeling ultimately constrains the viscosity contrast between asthenosphere and lower part of the upper mantle to be proportional to the cube of the asthenospheric thickness. That is, a layered upper mantle model featuring ...
PDF (Chapter 12. The Shape of the Earth, Heat Flow and Convection)
... the Brazilian highlands are examples of possible hotspotrelated continental swells. In shape and size these swells are similar to their oceanic counterparts. Western North America and northeast Africa are also associated with slow upper-mantle seismic anomalies. The departure of the bathymetry-age r ...
... the Brazilian highlands are examples of possible hotspotrelated continental swells. In shape and size these swells are similar to their oceanic counterparts. Western North America and northeast Africa are also associated with slow upper-mantle seismic anomalies. The departure of the bathymetry-age r ...
The Westward Drift of the Lithosphere: A rotational drag?
... an active pull from only that part of a slab between depths of 50 km and 350 km, and considering for example the Marianas slab, the following concerns can be envisaged. The negative buoyancy of about 300 km long slab should be able to pull the 10,000 km long Pacific plate, overcoming the friction at ...
... an active pull from only that part of a slab between depths of 50 km and 350 km, and considering for example the Marianas slab, the following concerns can be envisaged. The negative buoyancy of about 300 km long slab should be able to pull the 10,000 km long Pacific plate, overcoming the friction at ...
Chapter 5
... by dust and gravel, silt and mud. This sediment includes particles from land, from biological activity in the ocean, from chemical processes within water, and even from space. Analysis of this sedimentary material can tell us the recent history of an ocean basin, and sometimes the recent history of ...
... by dust and gravel, silt and mud. This sediment includes particles from land, from biological activity in the ocean, from chemical processes within water, and even from space. Analysis of this sedimentary material can tell us the recent history of an ocean basin, and sometimes the recent history of ...
The thermochemical structure and evolution of Earth`s mantle
... 1983) have long been interpreted in terms of chemically distinct material, although alternative explanations exist (Sidorin et al. 1999). Dense material near the CMB is swept into `piles’ underneath upwellings (Tackley 1998) and thinned, possibly to zero, under downwellings. Such dense `piles’ may b ...
... 1983) have long been interpreted in terms of chemically distinct material, although alternative explanations exist (Sidorin et al. 1999). Dense material near the CMB is swept into `piles’ underneath upwellings (Tackley 1998) and thinned, possibly to zero, under downwellings. Such dense `piles’ may b ...
Active thrusting in the inner forearc of an erosive convergent margin
... [11] The inner forearc along the Costa Rican margin records a history of net uplift [Gardner et al., 1992; Fisher et al., 1998; Gardner et al., 2001] that contrasts sharply with the net subsidence in the outer forearc [Vannucchi et al., 2001]. In the subducting seamount region the inner forearc disp ...
... [11] The inner forearc along the Costa Rican margin records a history of net uplift [Gardner et al., 1992; Fisher et al., 1998; Gardner et al., 2001] that contrasts sharply with the net subsidence in the outer forearc [Vannucchi et al., 2001]. In the subducting seamount region the inner forearc disp ...
1. LEG 209 SUMMARY: PROCESSES IN A 20-KM
... ocean-ridge basalts. Clinopyroxene textures and compositions record such impregnation processes, and they are particularly well documented for Site 1274. Other Leg 209 gabbroic rocks formed from extensive crystallization of highly evolved melts, indicating that a substantial proportion of melt enter ...
... ocean-ridge basalts. Clinopyroxene textures and compositions record such impregnation processes, and they are particularly well documented for Site 1274. Other Leg 209 gabbroic rocks formed from extensive crystallization of highly evolved melts, indicating that a substantial proportion of melt enter ...
A review of the isotopic and trace element evidence for
... (2005) concludes that progressive growth of the continental crust (McCulloch and Bennett, 1994; Kramers and Tolstikhin, 1997; Collerson and Kamber, 1999) offers a better explanation for the heat loss mechanisms of the mantle through time than does the early formation of areally extensive early conti ...
... (2005) concludes that progressive growth of the continental crust (McCulloch and Bennett, 1994; Kramers and Tolstikhin, 1997; Collerson and Kamber, 1999) offers a better explanation for the heat loss mechanisms of the mantle through time than does the early formation of areally extensive early conti ...
Plate Tectonics: A Paradigm Under Threat
... oceanic crust under the influence of gravitational and rotational forces. Interest was revived in the early 1950s with the rise of the new science of paleomagnetism, which seemed to provide strong support for continental drift. In the early 1960s, new data from ocean exploration led to the idea of s ...
... oceanic crust under the influence of gravitational and rotational forces. Interest was revived in the early 1950s with the rise of the new science of paleomagnetism, which seemed to provide strong support for continental drift. In the early 1960s, new data from ocean exploration led to the idea of s ...
Lab Manual - Canvas @ WWU
... often misunderstood. Integrity is choosing the honorable option because it is for self-betterment, not because you are afraid of getting caught. A liberal education requires you to expand your mind and broaden your understanding of the world beyond a single professional goal. Here at WWU students ar ...
... often misunderstood. Integrity is choosing the honorable option because it is for self-betterment, not because you are afraid of getting caught. A liberal education requires you to expand your mind and broaden your understanding of the world beyond a single professional goal. Here at WWU students ar ...
Physically Based Terrain Generation
... When a computer model of plate tectonics is integrated with a simulation of erosion, it’s possible to achieve an entirely new level of realism in computer generated landscapes without the need of several post processing steps for making terrain look credible. Additionally, because landscape's elevat ...
... When a computer model of plate tectonics is integrated with a simulation of erosion, it’s possible to achieve an entirely new level of realism in computer generated landscapes without the need of several post processing steps for making terrain look credible. Additionally, because landscape's elevat ...
Plate Tectonics
... paper is about how science advances through the testing, and discarding of theories, or conventional wisdom. Plate tectonic theory is currently undergoing such a revolution. This paper explains why plate tectonic theory, as generally understood, is in need of revision and the difficulties the geosci ...
... paper is about how science advances through the testing, and discarding of theories, or conventional wisdom. Plate tectonic theory is currently undergoing such a revolution. This paper explains why plate tectonic theory, as generally understood, is in need of revision and the difficulties the geosci ...
Thermal thickness of the Earth`s lithosphere: a numerical model
... American geologist J. Barell in 1914 (Barell, 1914). In the beginning, the lithosphere was identified with the Earth’s crust; however, it was then ascertained that almost everywhere it includes the upper mantle from about several tens to several hundreds of kilometers in thickness. The position of t ...
... American geologist J. Barell in 1914 (Barell, 1914). In the beginning, the lithosphere was identified with the Earth’s crust; however, it was then ascertained that almost everywhere it includes the upper mantle from about several tens to several hundreds of kilometers in thickness. The position of t ...
Chapter 2
... course, etch out features established by endogenic processes. The point is that, although a large collection of specific classes and descriptive terms exist for exogenic landforms, there is no comparable vocabulary for endogenic ones. Instead, much terminology for these landforms is adapted from tha ...
... course, etch out features established by endogenic processes. The point is that, although a large collection of specific classes and descriptive terms exist for exogenic landforms, there is no comparable vocabulary for endogenic ones. Instead, much terminology for these landforms is adapted from tha ...
Influence of mantle dynamics on the topographic evolution of the
... gravitational potential energy arising from the buoyant crustal root and the upwelled asthenosphere [Chen and Molnar, 1983; Dewey et al., 1988]; vertical variations of lithospheric rheology and stress states [Bird, 1991; Shen et al., 2001]; boundary conditions, such as oblique convergence or basal s ...
... gravitational potential energy arising from the buoyant crustal root and the upwelled asthenosphere [Chen and Molnar, 1983; Dewey et al., 1988]; vertical variations of lithospheric rheology and stress states [Bird, 1991; Shen et al., 2001]; boundary conditions, such as oblique convergence or basal s ...
Part 2
... connects it to another surface S2, a sphere of radius a centre O and entirely inside S. Let S * S1 T S 2 (which is a simple closed surface), then O is outside S* ! Applying Gauss’ divergence theorem to S*, ...
... connects it to another surface S2, a sphere of radius a centre O and entirely inside S. Let S * S1 T S 2 (which is a simple closed surface), then O is outside S* ! Applying Gauss’ divergence theorem to S*, ...
Deep-mantle contributions to the surface dynamics of the North
... 1987) which incorporate mantle buoyancy forces derived from seismic tomography models. These flow models have previously been used to explain the origin of surface gravity and topography anomalies on North America (Pari and Peltier, 2000; Perry et al., 2003; Forte et al., 2007; Moucha et al., 2008) a ...
... 1987) which incorporate mantle buoyancy forces derived from seismic tomography models. These flow models have previously been used to explain the origin of surface gravity and topography anomalies on North America (Pari and Peltier, 2000; Perry et al., 2003; Forte et al., 2007; Moucha et al., 2008) a ...
Numerical and laboratory studies of mantle convection: Philosophy
... caveats about applicability. Furthermore by determining which results match observations, parameters can be constrained (a type of ‘inversion’ by repeated forward modeling). Nevertheless, some proposed behaviors or mantle models can be ruled out even with our current knowledge, including some of the ...
... caveats about applicability. Furthermore by determining which results match observations, parameters can be constrained (a type of ‘inversion’ by repeated forward modeling). Nevertheless, some proposed behaviors or mantle models can be ruled out even with our current knowledge, including some of the ...
Charges on Polymeric Insulators and Their Effect on Flashover
... overhead transmission lines, which are presently being developed. Although withstand performance of polymeric insulating materials has been studied over the years, there is still a lack of complete physical understanding of all important aspects related to practical situations. Thus, the behavior an ...
... overhead transmission lines, which are presently being developed. Although withstand performance of polymeric insulating materials has been studied over the years, there is still a lack of complete physical understanding of all important aspects related to practical situations. Thus, the behavior an ...
Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Greek: γῆ, ge, ""earth""; μορφή, morfé, ""form""; and λόγος, logos, ""study"") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical or chemical processes operating at or near the earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphology is practiced within physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.