Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... The mesolimbic reward pathway arising from dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been strongly implicated in reward processing and drug abuse. In rodents, behaviors associated with this projection are profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothal ...
... The mesolimbic reward pathway arising from dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been strongly implicated in reward processing and drug abuse. In rodents, behaviors associated with this projection are profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothal ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
Brain Facts: A Primer On The Brain And Nervous System
... developments in neuroscience research and their implications for public policy, societal benefit, and continued scientific progress. The exchange of scientific information occurs at an annual fall meeting where more than 16,000 reports of new scientific findings are presented and more than 30,000 pe ...
... developments in neuroscience research and their implications for public policy, societal benefit, and continued scientific progress. The exchange of scientific information occurs at an annual fall meeting where more than 16,000 reports of new scientific findings are presented and more than 30,000 pe ...
Towards the integration of neural mechanisms and cognition in
... this theory are available, it is very promising. Beyond the great relevance for science, the natural application of these studies is the robotics field. In the last decades, several approaches have been proposed to design intelligent machines on the basis of scientific findings, especially from neur ...
... this theory are available, it is very promising. Beyond the great relevance for science, the natural application of these studies is the robotics field. In the last decades, several approaches have been proposed to design intelligent machines on the basis of scientific findings, especially from neur ...
Dynamic Stochastic Synapses as Computational Units
... of changes in specific parameters of a biological synapse. After the presentation of this model in section 2, we analyze the computational consequences of this model in section 3. We focus here on computations on short spike trains, which have not been addressed previously in the literature. 2 A Mod ...
... of changes in specific parameters of a biological synapse. After the presentation of this model in section 2, we analyze the computational consequences of this model in section 3. We focus here on computations on short spike trains, which have not been addressed previously in the literature. 2 A Mod ...
Neuronal Regulation Implements Efficient Synaptic Pruning
... for any deletion set A. To find the synapses that should be deleted, we have numerically searched for a deletion set maximizing SIN while limiting g(W) to positive values (as required by the segregation between excitatory and inhibitory neurons). The results show, that weak synapses pruning, a modif ...
... for any deletion set A. To find the synapses that should be deleted, we have numerically searched for a deletion set maximizing SIN while limiting g(W) to positive values (as required by the segregation between excitatory and inhibitory neurons). The results show, that weak synapses pruning, a modif ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... neurons or target cells at synapses. In a chemical synapse chemicals from a presynaptic cell induce changes in a postsynaptic cell. In an electrical synapse the action potential spreads directly to the postsynaptic cell. ...
... neurons or target cells at synapses. In a chemical synapse chemicals from a presynaptic cell induce changes in a postsynaptic cell. In an electrical synapse the action potential spreads directly to the postsynaptic cell. ...
Research paper : Why the Mirror Neurons Cannot Support
... imitation. We understand the goal of an action and its kinematics, but there is no compulsory imitation because the higher-order brain structures “take decisions” when we should reproduce this action. ...
... imitation. We understand the goal of an action and its kinematics, but there is no compulsory imitation because the higher-order brain structures “take decisions” when we should reproduce this action. ...
HUMAN BRAIN EVOLUTION IN AN ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT^
... on the best-fit line (Jerison. 973). In practice, there is little difference between the encephalization index of Bauchot and Stephan (Stephan, ...
... on the best-fit line (Jerison. 973). In practice, there is little difference between the encephalization index of Bauchot and Stephan (Stephan, ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... modulation of sleep and wake states [19], [20]; 7) action selection [21]; 8) mediation of cortico-cortical communication [22]; and 9) consciousness and awareness [23]–[26]. Although these explanations sound very different from each other, at the core they share a common theme that the thalamus integ ...
... modulation of sleep and wake states [19], [20]; 7) action selection [21]; 8) mediation of cortico-cortical communication [22]; and 9) consciousness and awareness [23]–[26]. Although these explanations sound very different from each other, at the core they share a common theme that the thalamus integ ...
NeuralNets
... Every neuron is connected to every other neuron. Output of neuron i is weighted with weight wij when it goes to neuron j. ...
... Every neuron is connected to every other neuron. Output of neuron i is weighted with weight wij when it goes to neuron j. ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in
... neurons produced either repetitive or burst discharges. The duration of action potentials was about 1 ms. When neurons with a membrane potential of 40-65 mV were activated by the rejection of current pulses, single or repetitive action potentials were generated either from passive depolarization (Fi ...
... neurons produced either repetitive or burst discharges. The duration of action potentials was about 1 ms. When neurons with a membrane potential of 40-65 mV were activated by the rejection of current pulses, single or repetitive action potentials were generated either from passive depolarization (Fi ...
cerebral and gastric histamine system is altered after portocaval shunt
... In addition to increased HA concentrations, monoamine oxidase B activity increased in both tissues. In hypothalamus HA was 15 fold; in cerebral cortex and in stomach mucosa 2.8 and 2.5 fold of the corresponding controls, respectively. MAO B activity was increased by approximately 50% in brain and 10 ...
... In addition to increased HA concentrations, monoamine oxidase B activity increased in both tissues. In hypothalamus HA was 15 fold; in cerebral cortex and in stomach mucosa 2.8 and 2.5 fold of the corresponding controls, respectively. MAO B activity was increased by approximately 50% in brain and 10 ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... are critical to CRC nor that these neurons are the only central respiratory chemoreceptors. Such proof would require demonstrating that their selective destruction eliminates or, at least, attenuates the response of the respiratory network to hypercapnia. This goal has not been achieved yet but lesi ...
... are critical to CRC nor that these neurons are the only central respiratory chemoreceptors. Such proof would require demonstrating that their selective destruction eliminates or, at least, attenuates the response of the respiratory network to hypercapnia. This goal has not been achieved yet but lesi ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... measurement of c-fos immunocytochemistry, a marker of cell activation, in histamine neurons identified with in situ hybridization of HDC mRNA. Under stress-free, basal conditions c-fos expression was detected in a negligible number of histamine neurons (less than 1%) distributed uniformly in the TMN ...
... measurement of c-fos immunocytochemistry, a marker of cell activation, in histamine neurons identified with in situ hybridization of HDC mRNA. Under stress-free, basal conditions c-fos expression was detected in a negligible number of histamine neurons (less than 1%) distributed uniformly in the TMN ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... 1C), one neuron (8%) was tonically excited (Fig. 2 B), and four neurons (31%) showed no clear response. Frontal or lateral light flashes were less effective than dorsal stimulation (Fig. 2 B). Polarized light presented dorsally elicited tonic excitations, tonic inhibitions, or no change in spiking a ...
... 1C), one neuron (8%) was tonically excited (Fig. 2 B), and four neurons (31%) showed no clear response. Frontal or lateral light flashes were less effective than dorsal stimulation (Fig. 2 B). Polarized light presented dorsally elicited tonic excitations, tonic inhibitions, or no change in spiking a ...
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord
... The size of white matter tracts (posterior, lateral and anterior columns) increases as more axons are added on the way TO the brain and decreases as axons end on the way FROM the the brain. September 27, 2010 ...
... The size of white matter tracts (posterior, lateral and anterior columns) increases as more axons are added on the way TO the brain and decreases as axons end on the way FROM the the brain. September 27, 2010 ...
cur op e-print version
... In his nihilistic novel, “The End of the Road,” John Barth introduces a protagonist who falls prisoner to his own indecision. To Jacob Horner, the predicted consequences of all actions have become equivalent. Thus, he sits, immobile, on a railroad station bench. Frozen there throughout an entire nig ...
... In his nihilistic novel, “The End of the Road,” John Barth introduces a protagonist who falls prisoner to his own indecision. To Jacob Horner, the predicted consequences of all actions have become equivalent. Thus, he sits, immobile, on a railroad station bench. Frozen there throughout an entire nig ...
PDF file
... it does not want to do that again. In the human brain, coping with stress may be learned from the release of serotonin in the brain and pleasure may be learned through the rise of the level of dopamine (Robbins & Everitt, 1996; Solomon & Corbit, 1973, 1974). The roles of serotonin and dopamine fall ...
... it does not want to do that again. In the human brain, coping with stress may be learned from the release of serotonin in the brain and pleasure may be learned through the rise of the level of dopamine (Robbins & Everitt, 1996; Solomon & Corbit, 1973, 1974). The roles of serotonin and dopamine fall ...